Tablet Formula Optimization From Helminthostachys Zaylanica Extract Using A Simplex Lattice Design

Helminthostachys zeylanica extract has pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antiinflamatory, and antihyerucemia. This extract is nontoxic substance from the acute and subchronic toxicity tests. This extract has a potency to be formulated into tablet dosage forms. This study aims to optimize a tablet formula from Helminthostachys zeylanica extract. Disintegrant and binder concentrations were independent variables, while physical properties and dissolution time of the tablets were dependent variables. The tablet was prepared by a wet granulation method. Formula was optimized by Simplex Lattice Design. Physicochemical propertiesof granule, physical properties and dissolution of tablet were then analyzed with One Way ANOVA (p = 0.05). Based on granule analysis, specification of physicochemical parameters, such as hausner’s ratio, compressibility index, flowability, repose angle, and water content, met standard British Pharmacopeia. In addition, the starch and PVA concentrations influenced thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution of the tablets (p <0.05), except for friability (p> 0.05). Based on this study, the starch and PVA concentrations for the optimum tablet formula were 19.5% and 1.05%, respectively.

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Application of Simplex Lattice Design in Formulation Development of Lozenges Containing Vernonia cinerea Extract for Smoking Cessation

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.819.227 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 819 ◽

pp. 227-232

Author(s):

Chaowalit Monton ◽

Thanaporn Sangprapai ◽

Narathip Mekwimonmas ◽

Tinnapas Sawangsang ◽

Natawat Chankana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Powder ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Formulation Development ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Powder Mixtures ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice Design ◽

Weight Variation ◽

Simplex Lattice ◽

Vernonia Cinerea

The aim of this work was to apply the simplex lattice design in the formulation development of lozenges containing Vernonia cinerea extract. The different ratios of three diluents; milk powder, xylitol, and inulin were investigated. The preformulation parameters of powder mixtures were evaluated. The compressed lozenges were evaluated for their weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. Results showed that the ratios of the three diluents affected the preformulation parameters. The angle of repose data revealed that all 12 powder mixtures had excellent flow property. The formulation containing milk powder had the highest values of Carr’s index and Hausner ratio, indicating the poor compressibility. While formulation containing inulin had the best compressibility. A formulation containing xylitol had the lowest moisture content. The compressed lozenges had a weight variation of less than 5%, a diameter of 1.5 mm, a thickness of 5-6 mm, and a hardness of 2-12 kP. The 8 of 12 formulations had friability of less than 1%. Use of milk powder provided the longest disintegration time. The desired properties of developed lozenge achieved when the medium amount of xylitol and inulin and low amount of milk powder were used. The optimal diluent ratio providing the weight variation not more than 5%, the hardness of 5-8 kP, friability not more than 1%, and disintegration time not more than 30 min was an equal weight ratio of milk powder, xylitol, and inulin.

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FORMULASI TABLET EKSTRAK ANGKAK (RED YEAST RICE) DENGAN VARIASI CROSCARMELLOSE SODIUM SEBAGAI PENGHANCUR DAN LAKTOSA SEBAGAI PENGISI

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v3i1.95 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Adestria Resti ◽

Aris Perdana Kusuma ◽

Achmad Fudholi

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

The Body ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Red Yeast Rice ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Red Yeast ◽

Croscarmellose Sodium ◽

Simplex Lattice ◽

Optimum Formula

Angkak or better known as Red yeast rice is fermentation rice using a mold Monascus purpureus. Some studies of red yeast rice can lower cholesterol levels in the body because it contains monoakolin K or similliar with lovastatin compound. Generally in community consumption of red yeast rice only with pour in the boilling water so it can causing inconvenience for its customers. This study aims to make a formulation tablet of red yeast rice extract which varied with the levels of croscarmellose sodium 5% -1% (32mg, 26mg, 19,5mg, 13mg, 6,5mg) and lactose (75,75mg, 82.25 mg, 88,75mg , 95,25mg, 101,75mg) in order to get a best physical properties of the tablet including friability and disintegration time. Angkak extract was made by remaseration method using ethanol 75% and the manufacture of tablets using wet granulation method. Stastical test tablet extract angkak using One Way ANOVA with 95% confidence level. Optimum formula obtained by using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) using Design Expert version 8.0.7.1 program and statistically tested using one-sample t-test. The results from test showed the proportion of croscarmellose sodium 6.5mg and 101.75mg lactose produces tablets with the best of physical properties of red yeast rice extract.The result is indicate that the combination of croscarmellose sodium and lactose may affect response the physical properties of red yeast rice extract tablets.

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OPTIMASI CAMPURAN AVICEL PH 101 DAN LAKTOSA SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGISI PADA TABLET EKSTRAK BUNGA ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) SECARA GRANULASI BASAH

Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia ◽

10.33759/jrki.v3i2.124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 102-116

Author(s):

Zila Tjhia Kokafrinsia ◽

Dwi Saryanti

Keyword(s):

Design Method ◽

Test Method ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Flower Extract ◽

Simplex Lattice Design ◽

Weight Variation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Simplex Lattice ◽

Optimal Formula

Rosella flower (Hibiscuss sabdariffa L.) in traditional medicine can provide protection against various diseases, such as coronary heart disease, cancer, lowering cholesterol, and liver disorders. This study aims to obtain the optimum formula of tablet of rosella flower extract with a mixture of Avicel PH 101 and lactose as a filler using wet granulation method. Rosella flower extract was obtained by maceration of rosella flower powder using 70% ethanol. The optimization formula for tablets using the Simplex Lattice Design method with Design Expert software version 10. The parameters used in the optimization are weight variation, hardness, friability and disintegration time. Verification of the optimal formula using the SPSS 18 program with the One Sample T-test method with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the optimal formula of tablet of rosella flower extract was the Avicel PH 101 97.82%: 2.17% lactose. The optimal formula has weight variation 1.53% ± 0.0073; hardness 5.087 kg ± 0.5135; the friability is 0.3% ± 0.041. The resulting disintegration was 22.99 minutes ± 2.218. The results of the verification of the optimal formula show that there is no significant difference between the predictions of the Simplex Lattice Design method and the results of the tests performed so that it can be said that the method is valid.

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Optimasi Campuran Manitol-Sukrosa Untuk Tablet Hisap Ekstrak Daun Dewa (Gynura Procumbens (Lour) Merr)) Secara Granulasi Basah Dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

Jurnal Kebidanan dan Kesehatan Tradisional ◽

10.37341/jkkt.v1i1.30 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Youstiana Dwi Rusita

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

T Test ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Response Characteristics ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice ◽

Optimum Formula

Abstract: Dewa Leaves, Lozenges, Simplex Lattice Design. Dewa is an Indonesian traditional medicinal plants are efficacious among others to the tonsils. Dewa leaf extract can be prepared as lozenges because it is more practical and effective than the traditional way in the form of infusion. This study aimed to get the optimum formula mannitol - sucrose using the simplex lattice design that has more value than triall error. Dewa leaf aqueous extract obtained by maceration leaf powder dewa with 70% ethanol and then evaporated to obtain a thick extract is dried with aerosil. This study is based on the method simplex lattice design with two components, namely FI (100% mannitol), F II (100% sucrose), F III (50% mannitol: 50% sucrose). The method used in the manufacture of leaf extract lozenges Dewa was wet granulation using the binder PVP. The granules tested flow rate, compactibility and granules ditablet to test the taste responses. Of the value of the response characteristics of the granules obtained the largest total selected as the optimum formula. Furthermore ditablet and tested physical properties which include uniformity of weight, hardness and friability of tablets. Data of physical properties of the granules suction of the optimum formula theoretically and statistically tested using the t test (T-test). The results showed that the optimum formula derived from a mixture of mannitol 70% - sucrosa 30%. From the results of the t test (T-test) and compactibility flow rate did not different significantly betwen theoretical experiment. To test the taste responses acceptable 98% of respondents. Dewa leaf extract lozenges optimum formula produced meets the physical properties of the tablet.

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PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI AVICEL PH-101 PADA FORMULA TABLET PREDNISOLONE

Viva Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, Kebidanan dan Keperawatan ◽

10.35960/vm.v10i3.447 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 21-43

Author(s):

Hilda Suherman

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Dissolution Test ◽

Absorption Process ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Direct Printing ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Simplex Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice ◽

Optimum Formula

Abstract Prednisolone is a steroid class drug that is used to treat certain types of allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders and cancer. Solubility of prednisolone is very difficult to dissolve in water causing problems in the absorption process so that the optimum formula is needed to form Prednisolone tablets that meet the requirements of the physical properties of tablets. The purpose of this study was to make the optimum formula with a combination of lactose excipients, avicel pH-101, and amprotab to obtain prednisolone tablets with good physical properties and dissolution. Prednisolone tablets made 7 formulas with a combination of lactose (A) Avicel PH-101 (B), and Amprotab (C), Formula I (100% A); Formula II (100% B); Formula III (100% C); Formula IV (50% A + 50% B); Formula V (50% A + 50% C); Formula VI (50% B + 50% C); Formula VII (33.33% A + 33.33% B + 33.33% C) in 2 batches. The method of making prednisolone tablets by direct printing. Testing of prednisolone tablets included the physical properties of tablets, weight uniformity, uniformity in size, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution test, and content determination. Keywords: optimization of formulas, tablets, Prednisolone, Simplex Lattice Design.

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PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI AVICEL PH-101 PADA FORMULA TABLET PREDNISOLONE

Viva Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, Kebidanan dan Keperawatan ◽

10.35960/vm.v10i3.446 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 44-65

Author(s):

Hilda Suherman

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Dissolution Test ◽

Absorption Process ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Direct Printing ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Simplex Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice ◽

Optimum Formula

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OPTIMASI FORMULA EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale) DENGAN METODE KEMPA LANGSUNG MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v1i1.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Hayatus Sa'adah

Keyword(s):

Dosage Form ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice Design ◽

Optimum Proportion ◽

Simplex Lattice ◽

Red Ginger ◽

Tablet Hardness

Processing of medicinal plants into the appropriate dosage form can ensure security during use. It is a motivation in making acceptable dosage form which is easy and convenient to use, especially the manufacture of ethanol extract red ginger tablets using a combination of starch 1500 and amprotab.The study begins with the manufacture of dry extract of red ginger. Optimization of making tablets using a combination of starch 1500 and disintegrator with simplex lattice design using three formulas is done by direct compaction method. Further testing on the tablet hardness, friability and disintegration time.The results showed starch 1500 has a greater influence increase hardness and disintegration time of tablets, as well as lowering the fragility of the tablet. While the interaction of starch 1500 and disintegrator has no effect on the physical tablet. The optimum proportion of the combination of starch 1500 and disintegrator meet the physical requirements of tablets with a ratio of 4: 6 with 7.99 kg hardness, the friability of 0.32% and disintegration time of 2.42 minutes

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Optimasi Formula Tablet Piroksikam Menggunakan Eksipien Laktosa, Avicel pH-101, dan Amprotab dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

Pharmacon Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia ◽

10.23917/pharmacon.v17i1.9176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 31-44

Author(s):

Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma ◽

Rani Prabandari

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Design Method ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Content Uniformity ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice Design ◽

Contour Plots ◽

Simplex Lattice ◽

Optimum Formula

Piroxicam solubility in water is very small this cause problem in the process of absorption so that it’s required an optimal formula to establish the physical properties of tablet quality for piroxicam tablets. The purpose of this research was creating formulas with the optimal combination of excipients lactose, Avicel pH 101, and piroxicam amprotab to obtain tablets with good physical properties and disolution. Seven piroxicam tablet formulas were made with a combination of lactose, avicel PH-101, and Amprotab on 2 batches. Method for making tablets piroxicam was established by direct compression. Tests included were the physical properties of piroxicam tablets tablets weight uniformity, uniformity of size, hardness, brittleness, disintegration test, as well as dissolution test, and content uniformity. Based on the simplex lattice design method, lactose is a dominant factor to improved the uniformity of tablet’s concentartions. Interaction of two components avicel PH-101 and amprotab is a dominant factor to reduced vulnerability. Interaction of three components lactose, avicel PH-101 and amprotab is a dominant factor to lowered the value coefisien variation of weight uniformity, increased hardness, decreased the disintegration, and improved dissolution of tablets. Selection of the optimum formula was determined by the method of simplex lattice design through diagrams superimposed contour plots and contour plots for obtaining the optimal proportions of each ingredient as follows: lactose (85,154–100%), avicel PH-101 (0–12,437%), and amprotab (0–5,425%).

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Application of simplex lattice design for the development of extended release tablets of model drug diclofenac sodium

Therapeutic Delivery ◽

10.4155/tde-2019-0034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 515-525

Author(s):

Shivaji Phadke ◽

Tanvi Kanekar ◽

Suhas Gumaste ◽

Vaishnavi Parikh

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Extended Release ◽

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽

Dicalcium Phosphate ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice Design ◽

Component Design ◽

Simplex Lattice

Aim: Simplex lattice design was applied to predict extent of drug release from extended release diclofenac sodium tablets. Methods: The effects of composition on dissolution rate were evaluated by varying the levels of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, dicalcium phosphate and cornstarch via three component design. Results: The rate of drug release was primarily dictated by the proportion of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and was also affected by the proportion of dicalcium phosphate and the method of processing (direct compression/wet granulation). Polynomial equations constructed for directly compressed and wet-granulated formulations could successfully predict the extent of drug release at an arbitrary time point of 3 h. Conclusion: Simplex lattice design is a viable tool to predict the drug release patterns of extended release formulations.

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OPTIMASI GEL HAND SANITIZER OLEUM CITRI DENGAN KOMBINASI CARBOPOL, LIDAH BUAYA DAN TEA MENGGUNAKAN SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN

Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan ◽

10.36387/jiis.v6i1.569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Joko Santoso ◽

◽

Heru Nurcahyo

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Design Method ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Stabilizing Agents ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice ◽

Optimum Formula

Handsanitizer gel is composed of various additives such as geling agents, humectants and neutralizing / stabilizing agents. This material is certainly a basic ingredient that will affect the shape and quality of the preparation. Carbopol is very good when used, so that low levels can provide a significant viscosity response. Eleven hand sanitizer gel formulas with variations of carbomer, aloe vera and TEA were tested for their physical properties including organoleptic, homogeneity test, pH test, spreadability and adhesion test . The optimum formula is obtained by using the Simplex Lattice Design method, then the results are analyzed using an expert design software. The optimum formula for oleum citri hand sanitizer gel contains 0.944 with carbomer 0 (0.5%), aloe vera 0.471 (5.239%) and TEA 0.529 (0.576%). The t test results obtained showed insignificant differences between the response of the physical properties of the experiment results and the prediction software.

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