scholarly journals La mujer-objeto de intercambios en las sociedades primitivas: Una lectura entre Pateman, Irigaray y Baudrillard

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Johanna Andrea Bernal Mancilla
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Luce Irigaray ◽  
Jean Baudrillard ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

Resumen:En este artículo nos interesa señalar, siguiendo las teorías del intercambio simbólico y de la seducción de Jean Baudrillard, que los intercambios en las sociedades primitivas responden a la lógica del don y el contra-don y el principio de reversibilidad, dando paso a un orden social en el cual sujeto y objeto establecen relaciones de seducción como alternativa a las relaciones de poder. Del mismo modo, nos interesa precisar que dichos intercambios ponen en circulación un objeto-símbolo único y singular encargado de sellar alianzas y servir de médium para transportar los poderes espirituales de la comunidad. Estas precisiones se realizan con el fin de poner en discusión las premisas de Carole Pateman y Luce Irigaray, quienes afirman que el intercambio de mujeres que se da en las comunidades primitivas muestra en germen a la mujer-objeto mercancía y la cultura patriarcalista. Lo que afirmamos es que en estos intercambios, la mujer adquiere el estatuto de mujer-símbolo encargada de mediar relaciones y sellar alianzas, noción que se encuentra distante de la categoría de un objeto-mercancía, sin que ella abandone plenamente la posición del sujeto.Palabras clave: Mujer-objeto, mujer-mercancía, patriarcalismo, objeto-símbolo, intercambio simbólico, seducción, principio de reversibilidad.**************************************************************** The woman-object of interchanges in primitive societies: A reading among Pateman, Irigaray and Baudillard AbstractIn this article we are interested in pointing, following the theories of symbolic interchange and seduction of Jean Baudillard, that the interchanges in primitive societies respond to a logic of don and the contra-don and the principle of reversibility, lead into a social order in which the subject and the object establish seduction relationships as an alternative to the power relationships. Likewise, we are interested in précising that those interchanges put in circulation an object-symbol unique and singular which is in charge to seal alliances and to work as a way of transportation of spiritual powers of the community. These precisions are made with the objective of getting in discussion the Carol Pateman and Luce Irigaray premises, who state that the women interchange presented in primitive culture show the grounds of the woman-object merchandise and the patriarchal culture. What we declare is that in these interchanges, the woman gains the status of woman-symbol in charge of mediating the relations and of sealing alliances, notion that is quite far from the categories of object-merchandise, not abandoning the subject’s position. Key words: Woman-object, woman-merchandise, patriarchal order, object- symbol, seduction, reversibility principle.**********************************************************A mulher-objeto de intercâmbios nas sociedades primitivas: Uma leitura entre Pateman, Irigaray e BaudrillardResumo:Neste artigo nos interessa sinalizar, seguindo as teorias do intercâmbio simbólico e da sedução de Jean Baudrillard, que os intercâmbios nas sociedades primitivas respondem à lógica do dom e contra dom e o princípio de reversibilidade, dando passo a um ordem social no qual sujeito e objeto estabelecem relações de sedução como alternativa às relações de poder. Do mesmo modo, nos interessa precisar que dos referidos intercâmbios colocam em circulação um objeto-símbolo único e singular encarregado de selar alianças e servir de médium para transportar os poderes espirituais da comunidade. Estas precisões se realizam com a finalidade de colocar em discussão as premissas de Carole Pateman e Luce Irigaray, que afirmam que o intercâmbio de mulheres que acontece nas comunidades primitivas mostra em germe à mulher-objeto mercadoria e à cultura patriarcal. O que afirmamos é que nesses intercâmbios, a mulher adquire o estatuto de mulher-símbolo encarregada de mediar relações e selar alianças, noção que se encontra distante da categoria de um objetomercadoria, sem que ela abandone plenamente a posição do sujeito. Palavras chave: Mulher-objeto, mulher-mercadoria, patriarcalismo, objeto-símbolo, intercâmbiosimbólico, sedução, principio de reversibilidade

scholarly journals Justice Performed: The Normative, Transformative, and Proleptic Dimensions of the Restorative Justice Ritual

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lindsey Pointer
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Alternative Structures ◽  
Normative Function ◽  
The Status ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Justice Process

<p>As William Everett notes, “Symbols and rituals are indispensable for our efforts to contain, transform, and resolve conflicts.” For this reason, the performance of justice is highly ritualized. Two contemporary examples of this performance are the mainstream criminal trial and the restorative justice conference, each of which has a distinct ritual structure. This thesis explores these two ritual structures and how they fulfill, or fail to fulfill, the multifaceted human need for justice. By employing ritual theory in respect to these two justice performances, an analytical framework will be developed that describes how each ritual’s process affects its function.  Theories of ritual are specifically concerned with the functions that rituals have in society. This thesis proffers three dominant ritual functions related to the performance of justice: the normative, the transformative, and the proleptic. Rituals have a normative function when they provide a sense of safety and security through establishing a set way of doing things and reaffirming communal values. Transformative rituals offer a means of attaining significant and sustainable change at personal and relational levels. Proleptic rituals are capable of envisioning and temporarily creating a different possible societal future by generating social and power relationships that can challenge the status quo. Not every ritual performance is oriented to achieving these various functions, yet it will be argued that the nature of justice demands attention to all three.  This thesis applies this analytical framework of the various functions of rituals to two justice performances: the criminal trial and restorative justice. It proposes that while the criminal trial fulfills the normative function through upholding laws and associated values, it commonly falls short of creating the conditions for personal or relational transformation, nor does it anticipate a future where a greater measure of justice is achieved. By contrast, it is common for restorative justice conferences to result in transformative outcomes for participants and to provide a foretaste of a more just social order, inasmuch as they subvert hegemonic power arrangements.  By advancing our understanding of the ritualistic features of justice, this thesis can help to answer three prominent questions that have beleaguered the restorative justice field. First, how is the personal and relational transformation apparent in the restorative justice process achieved? This will be addressed through an application of the theories of ritual put forth by Victor Turner and Émile Durkheim to the restorative justice process in order to better understand and describe its transformative function. Second, can restorative justice have a normative impact that satisfies the wider public, particularly in comparison to the criminal trial? This criticism will be considered in light of a normative ritual framework along with the alternative structures that have been suggested to remedy this issue. Finally, given its primary focus on making amends at an interpersonal level, does restorative justice routinely fail to address larger, structural injustices? By examining the expansion of restorative justice from a justice reform mechanism to a wider social movement, I will argue that the proleptic function of the restorative justice ritual has played a key role in this expansion by temporarily creating a “restorative society in miniature” that participants often emerge with a desire to experience again and extend to others, thereby enlarging the original scope of the restorative justice intervention.</p>

scholarly journals A VIEW TO THE AURA OF POSTMODERNISM AND ARTISTIC EXAMPLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (61) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Conceptual Art ◽  
Felix Guattari ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Jean Baudrillard ◽  
Plastic Arts ◽  
Postmodern Art ◽  
The Subject

Postmodernism has been the subject of widespread debate and postmodernist production has filled every aspect of our lives. The works of European philosophicals such as François Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Pierre-Félix Guattari and Jean Baudrillard are connected to the subject within the framework of the development of tradition. Postmodernism was interpreted by these philosophicals as the losing its legitimacy of great meta-stories with the phenomenon of enlightenment. In the section called “Evolution of Postmodernism”, the views of European thinkers such as Lyotard, Foucault, Deleuze, Guattari and Baudrillard and some North American thinkers such as Jameson and Foster were discussed. In the section “Postmodern Situation and Examples in Plastic Arts”, postmodern art productions were examined in comparison with the movements that have predecessors such as minimalism and conceptual art. Finally, an evaluation has been made on what kind of structure can be mentioned in terms of these theoretical studies and artistic productions. Key words: Postmodernism, modernism, art

scholarly journals Two Concepts of Recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Adam Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Methodological Individualism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Communitarian Philosophy

The aim of this paper is to submit the doctrine of methodological individualism to a reconsideration from the point of view of the arguments formulated by contemporary communitarian philosophy. I propose to approach the opposition between the individual and the community, constitutive for the liberal– communitarian debate, by means of two concepts, i.e. those of recognition and order. I argue that for the individualists a social order emerges through a process of mutual recognition of the pre-existing individuals and their interests, while the communitarians claim that the task of individuals is to recognize values and norms of a pre-existing social order which is to become their own. The difference between them thus resides primarily in the ontological distinction between the respective objects of these two divergent concepts of recognition. The argument is developed through an analysis of David Hume’s concept of the individual. In opposition to some communitarian claims, I maintain that his approach may be interpreted as an antecedent of the communitarian views on the subject. I also outline a view of moral rules as neither universal, absolutist, nor purely emotivist in character, but as social constructions endowed with the status of “contingent permanence.”

La tutela del bambino e della donna in Tunisia e in Marocco

2009 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Clarissa Chiacchella ◽  
Sarah Miragoli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Status Of Women

- The analysis of issues relating to the protection of women and child in Tunisia and Morocco, originated from a careful reflection on migration in our country. This work examines issues relating to the protection of women and children in Tunisia and Morocco, in particular: the status of women in the family and work and its image rooted in the traditions and social contexts; children, victims of violence and abuse in the family and at school, or forced to work, despite the existence of strict legislations. Key words: discrimination; patriarchal culture; human rights; maltreatment; child abuse; violence.

scholarly journals Justice Performed: The Normative, Transformative, and Proleptic Dimensions of the Restorative Justice Ritual

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lindsey Pointer
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Alternative Structures ◽  
Normative Function ◽  
The Status ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Justice Process

<p>As William Everett notes, “Symbols and rituals are indispensable for our efforts to contain, transform, and resolve conflicts.” For this reason, the performance of justice is highly ritualized. Two contemporary examples of this performance are the mainstream criminal trial and the restorative justice conference, each of which has a distinct ritual structure. This thesis explores these two ritual structures and how they fulfill, or fail to fulfill, the multifaceted human need for justice. By employing ritual theory in respect to these two justice performances, an analytical framework will be developed that describes how each ritual’s process affects its function.  Theories of ritual are specifically concerned with the functions that rituals have in society. This thesis proffers three dominant ritual functions related to the performance of justice: the normative, the transformative, and the proleptic. Rituals have a normative function when they provide a sense of safety and security through establishing a set way of doing things and reaffirming communal values. Transformative rituals offer a means of attaining significant and sustainable change at personal and relational levels. Proleptic rituals are capable of envisioning and temporarily creating a different possible societal future by generating social and power relationships that can challenge the status quo. Not every ritual performance is oriented to achieving these various functions, yet it will be argued that the nature of justice demands attention to all three.  This thesis applies this analytical framework of the various functions of rituals to two justice performances: the criminal trial and restorative justice. It proposes that while the criminal trial fulfills the normative function through upholding laws and associated values, it commonly falls short of creating the conditions for personal or relational transformation, nor does it anticipate a future where a greater measure of justice is achieved. By contrast, it is common for restorative justice conferences to result in transformative outcomes for participants and to provide a foretaste of a more just social order, inasmuch as they subvert hegemonic power arrangements.  By advancing our understanding of the ritualistic features of justice, this thesis can help to answer three prominent questions that have beleaguered the restorative justice field. First, how is the personal and relational transformation apparent in the restorative justice process achieved? This will be addressed through an application of the theories of ritual put forth by Victor Turner and Émile Durkheim to the restorative justice process in order to better understand and describe its transformative function. Second, can restorative justice have a normative impact that satisfies the wider public, particularly in comparison to the criminal trial? This criticism will be considered in light of a normative ritual framework along with the alternative structures that have been suggested to remedy this issue. Finally, given its primary focus on making amends at an interpersonal level, does restorative justice routinely fail to address larger, structural injustices? By examining the expansion of restorative justice from a justice reform mechanism to a wider social movement, I will argue that the proleptic function of the restorative justice ritual has played a key role in this expansion by temporarily creating a “restorative society in miniature” that participants often emerge with a desire to experience again and extend to others, thereby enlarging the original scope of the restorative justice intervention.</p>

Concerning the abuse of power by an official

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Ihor Oheruk
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Government Functions ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Logical Semantic

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze the application of the second and third parts of Article 3692 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to officials in the context, that defines them by the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. In the course of the study, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, logical-semantic, system-structural, logical-normative. Results: in the course of research the cause of criminalization of such act as "abuse of power" is considered, the subject of the specified criminal act which has the features of "an official" in the context, that defines it by the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is analyzed and the main ways of committing criminal acts, that are provided for in this article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are identified. Originality. The study found, that one of the key conditions for the opportunity to influence officials, that are authorized to perform government or local self-government functions, is the position held by the official and the related opportunities. Therefore, taking into account the opinion of the scientists, that the subject of crimes, that are provided for by the second and third parts of Article 3692 is special, the peculiarities of which is the cumulative feature, that denotes, that such person is not endowed with the status of an official, well-founded need to specify the criminal legislation of Ukraine in terms of the application the second and third parts of Article 3692 of the Criminal code of Ukraine concerning officials in the context, that defines them by the criminal legislation of Ukraine in the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Practical significance. The research results can be used in lawmaking in the improvement of anti-corruption legislation.

The Status of the Subject in Mahler's Ninth Symphony

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Symphony ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

Politeness Strategies in Political Language

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Isnaini ◽  
Busmin Gurning ◽  
Edy Setia
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Positive Strategy ◽  
Distance Relationship ◽  
Negative Strategy

This study deals with politeness strategies in political language. The aim of the study is to describe how Indonesian politicians realize politeness in their language. The subject was taken nine parties who have representatives. They come from different parties: Democrat, Golkar, PDIP, PKS, PPP, PKB, PAN, Gerindra and Hanura. Data were classified and verified with reference to the criteria of politeness strategies as determined by Brown & Levinson (1987); cover the bald on record strategy, positive strategy, negative strategy and off-record strategy. The finding show that there were four types of politeness strategies used by Politicians in different of types of illocutionary acts; positive strategy, bald on record strategy, negative strategy, and off-record strategy. The most dominant type of politeness strategies used was positive strategy. The most dominant type was due to fact that speakers in interaction try to get closer the hearers. They use the group identity marker in addressing someone so there is no distance relationship between the speaker and hearer. They also gave the reasons when they speak in order to satisfy the hearer. Key words: politician; political language; politeness strategy

Improving Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension Through Advance Organizer Strategy

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuti Andriani Siregar ◽  
Didik Santoso ◽  
Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Advance Organizer ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Passing Grade

This study deals with the improvement of the students’ achievement in reading comprehension through advance organizer strategy. The objectives of this research were to improve the students’ achievement in reading comprehension as well as the process of learning reading comprehension by using advance organizer strategy.  The subject of the study was grade XI IPA 2 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Binjai consisting of 33 students. The data of this study were obtained by using test, observation sheets and interview. This research was conducted in two cycles because in the pre-test (without treatment), the average of the students’ score was 59,24. In the first cycle test, it was 74,30. It is lower than the minimum passing grade, and if is viewed from the observation sheets, the situation of the learning process hasn’t met the criteria of the success. So the writer continued to the second cycle. There was a significant progress on the students’ achievement in reading comprehension in the second cycle, and the average of the students was 82,94. The students were more active and enthusiastic in following the lesson. Therefore, the teaching reading comprehension through advance organizer strategy can improve the students’ achievement in reading comprehension quantitatively and qualitatively. Key words:  improving, reading comprehension, advance organizer strategy.

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