scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF REALITY IN THE TEXTS OF NIELS BOHR

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Interpretation Of Quantum Theory ◽  
Philosophical Questions

The article discusses a new understanding of the reality in the 20th century. Since the key figure in these changes was the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, we refer to his early and later articles to analyze the use of the term “reality”. Through an analysis of the terms, it is shown that Bohr describes discoveries in earlier articles that are inconsistent with old concepts in physics, and it is these questions that will further lead him to a new understanding of reality. In the article we also indicate how many times and in what contexts the term “reality” is used. Further, we find that the term “reality” is more common in later articles than in his earlier works (Copenhagen’s interpretation of quantum theory had not yet been formulated at the time of writing the early works). Through the analyzing of usage of certain terms, we show how the emphasis in the early and late Bohr’s articles shifts. For many years, the Danish physicist has sought to clarify quantum theory. In some later articles, we note that the problems affect not only physical, but also other areas of knowledge. We also analyze the use of the term in later articles. This analysis shows how Niels Bohr’s discoveries in the nature of the objects of the micro-world lead him to questions about the nature of reality. How discoveries in the microcosm affect the new conception of reality is best traced in controversy with other physicists. As the most striking example, we took the article “Discussion with Einstein on epistemological problems in atomic physics”. In this article, Bohr describes the specific behavior of micro-objects, features of physical experiments and proves the idea that a fundamentally new (including ontological plan) understanding of physical processes is needed. An analysis of the terms shows that, from Bohr’s point of view, reality itself is as described by its quantum mechanics. We strive to show the evolution of Bohr’s views in the context of how they influenced the revision of all physics. We conclude that the discovery of stationary states in an atom is the first step to rethinking philosophical questions of a nature of reality.

SUSY coherent states and enhanced canonical quantizations for Pauli model

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150105
Author(s):  
Jean Vignon Hounguevou ◽  
Daniel Sabi Takou ◽  
Gabriel Y. H. Avossevou
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Coherent States ◽  
Differential Operators ◽  
Canonical Quantization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Geometric Properties

In this paper, we study coherent states for a quantum Pauli model through supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) method. From the point of view of canonical quantization, the construction of these coherent states is based on the very important differential operators in SUSYQM call factorization operators. The connection between classical and quantum theory is given by using the geometric properties of these states.

Quantum Mechanics and the Periodic Table

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Scerri
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Old Quantum Theory ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Three Body

In chapter 7, the influence of the old quantum theory on the periodic system was considered. Although the development of this theory provided a way of reexpressing the periodic table in terms of the number of outer-shell electrons, it did not yield anything essentially new to the understanding of chemistry. Indeed, in several cases, chemists such as Irving Langmuir, J.D. Main Smith, and Charles Bury were able to go further than physicists in assigning electronic configurations, as described in chapter 8, because they were more familiar with the chemical properties of individual elements. Moreover, despite the rhetoric in favor of quantum mechanics that was propagated by Niels Bohr and others, the discovery that hafnium was a transition metal and not a rare earth was not made deductively from the quantum theory. It was essentially a chemical fact that was accommodated in terms of the quantum mechanical understanding of the periodic table. The old quantum theory was quantitatively impotent in the context of the periodic table since it was not possible to even set up the necessary equations to begin to obtain solutions for the atoms with more than one electron. An explanation could be given for the periodic table in terms of numbers of electrons in the outer shells of atoms, but generally only after the fact. But when it came to trying to predict quantitative aspects of atoms, such as the ground-state energy of the helium atom, the old quantum theory was quite hopeless. As one physicist stated, “We should not be surprised . . . even the astronomers have not yet satisfactorily solved the three-body problem in spite of efforts over the centuries.” A succession of the best minds in physics, including Hendrik Kramers, Werner Heisenberg, and Arnold Sommerfeld, made strenuous attempts to calculate the spectrum of helium but to no avail. It was only following the introduction of the Pauli exclusion principle and the development of the new quantum mechanics that Heisenberg succeeded where everyone else had failed.

scholarly journals Quantum mechanics, gravity and modified quantization relations

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2047) ◽  
pp. 20140244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Calmet
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Anomalous Magnetic Moment ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Planck’S Constant ◽  
Phenomenological Point ◽  
Quantization Rules

In this paper, we investigate a possible energy scale dependence of the quantization rules and, in particular, from a phenomenological point of view, an energy scale dependence of an effective (reduced Planck’s constant). We set a bound on the deviation of the value of at the muon scale from its usual value using measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Assuming that inflation has taken place, we can conclude that nature is described by a quantum theory at least up to an energy scale of about 10 16  GeV.

Failures

2019 ◽  
pp. 300-382
Author(s):  
Anthony Duncan ◽  
Michel Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Ground State Energy ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Zeeman Effect ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Old Quantum Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anomalous Zeeman Effect

We consider three topics which proved frustratingly resistant to the methods of the old quantum theory up to the point of emergence of the quantum mechanics of Heisenberg and collaborators in late 1925. First, the old theory could not account convincingly for the superfluity of stationary states implied by the existence of the complex multiplets seen in most atomic spectra. Second, the progressively more complicated theories proposed for explaining the splittings of lines in the anomalous Zeeman effect were found to lead inevitably to glaring inconsistencies with the assumed mechanical equations of motion. Finally, there was the problem of the dual spectrum of helium, and even more basically, of the ground state energy of helium, all calculations of which in terms of specified electron orbits gave incorrect results. We relate the tangled history of the efforts to provide a theoretical resolution of these problems within the old quantum theory.

scholarly journals Einstein’s Local Realism vs. Bohr’s Instrumental Anti-Realism: The Debate Between Two Titans in the Quantum Theory Arena

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Simões
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this article is to demonstrate how the historical debate between materialism and idealism, in the field of Philosophy, extends, in new clothes, to the field of Quantum Physics characterized by realism and anti-realism. For this, we opted for a debate, also historical, between the realism of Albert Einstein, for whom reality exists regardless of the existence of the knowing subject, and Niels Bohr, for whom we do not have access to the ultimate reality of the matter, unless conditioning it to the existence of an observer endowed with rationality, position adopted in the Interpretation of Complementarity (1927) – posture that was expanded in 1935 when Bohr assumed a “relationalist” conception, according to which the quantum state is defined by the relationship between the quantum object and the entire measuring device. This is an extremely important debate, as it further consolidates the results of nascent Quantum Mechanics, guaranteeing Bohr the leadership of the orthodoxy based on the interpretation of complementarity. Here, when dealing with Quantum Theory, we will not make any distinction between the terms Quantum Physics, Quantum Theory or Quantum Mechanics. The entire discussion will be held under the name “Quantum Theory”. Theory that tries to analyze and describe the behavior of physical systems of reduced dimensions, close to the sizes of molecules, atoms and subatomic particles. We hope that the reader will appreciate the genius of these two titans in this field of Physics when they magnificently formulate the arguments that support the object of their defenses.

scholarly journals Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. The Principle of Complementarity.docx

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Chistyakov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Process ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Principle Of Complementarity

<p> This report considers the differences between the medical psychiatric and the psychotherapeutic (in particular, the psychodynamic) approaches to the diagnostics and treatment of mental disorders, and it describes a generalized model of the psychotherapeutic process. It traces the development of the relationship between the medical psychiatric and the psychotherapeutic approaches, which has resulted in different models of the interrelatedness of these paradigms in different countries (a unified model encompassing both the psychiatric and the psychotherapeutic approaches, and a model of two relatively independent approaches). Examples are provided of the difficulties and inconsistencies which have arisen from attempts to employ different variants of the unified model that purports to unify the two different approaches into a single whole. It is proposed that the medical psychiatric and the psychotherapeutic approaches should each be considered to have their own internal logic, independent from and simultaneously complementary to that of the other, in accordance with the principle of complementarity formulated by the physicist Niels Bohr in quantum mechanics for the systematization of irreconcilable data obtained by observers with differing perspectives. The author proposes that each patient with a mental disorder should be examined simultaneously and independently from the point of view of each of these systems of coordinates (the medical psychiatric paradigm and the psychotherapeutic paradigm).<br></p><p></p>

scholarly journals Resource theory of contextuality

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2157) ◽  
pp. 20190010
Author(s):  
Barbara Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Resource Theory ◽  
Quantum Property ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Formal Treatment ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Resource

In addition to the important role of contextuality in foundations of quantum theory, this intrinsically quantum property has been identified as a potential resource for quantum advantage in different tasks. It is thus of fundamental importance to study contextuality from the point of view of resource theories, which provide a powerful framework for the formal treatment of a property as an operational resource. In this contribution, we review recent developments towards a resource theory of contextuality and connections with operational applications of this property. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Contextuality and probability in quantum mechanics and beyond’.

scholarly journals Einstein’s Local Realism vs. Bohr’s Instrumental Anti-Realism: The Debate Between Two Titans in the Quantum Theory Arena

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-348
Author(s):  
Eduardo Simões
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this article is to demonstrate how the historical debate between materialism and idealism, in the field of Philosophy, extends, in new clothes, to the field of Quantum Physics characterized by realism and anti-realism. For this, we opted for a debate, also historical, between the realism of Albert Einstein, for whom reality exists regardless of the existence of the knowing subject, and Niels Bohr, for whom we do not have access to the ultimate reality of the matter, unless conditioning it to the existence of an observer endowed with rationality, position adopted in the Interpretation of Complementarity (1927) – posture that was expanded in 1935 when Bohr assumed a “relationalist” conception, according to which the quantum state is defined by the relationship between the quantum object and the entire measuring device. This is an extremely important debate, as it further consolidates the results of nascent Quantum Mechanics, guaranteeing Bohr the leadership of the orthodoxy based on the interpretation of complementarity. Here, when dealing with Quantum Theory, we will not make any distinction between the terms Quantum Physics, Quantum Theory or Quantum Mechanics. The entire discussion will be held under the name “Quantum Theory”. Theory that tries to analyze and describe the behavior of physical systems of reduced dimensions, close to the sizes of molecules, atoms and subatomic particles. We hope that the reader will appreciate the genius of these two titans in this field of Physics when they magnificently formulate the arguments that support the object of their defenses.

scholarly journals Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. The Principle of Complementarity.docx

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Chistyakov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Process ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Principle Of Complementarity

<p> This report considers the differences between the medical psychiatric and the psychotherapeutic (in particular, the psychodynamic) approaches to the diagnostics and treatment of mental disorders, and it describes a generalized model of the psychotherapeutic process. It traces the development of the relationship between the medical psychiatric and the psychotherapeutic approaches, which has resulted in different models of the interrelatedness of these paradigms in different countries (a unified model encompassing both the psychiatric and the psychotherapeutic approaches, and a model of two relatively independent approaches). Examples are provided of the difficulties and inconsistencies which have arisen from attempts to employ different variants of the unified model that purports to unify the two different approaches into a single whole. It is proposed that the medical psychiatric and the psychotherapeutic approaches should each be considered to have their own internal logic, independent from and simultaneously complementary to that of the other, in accordance with the principle of complementarity formulated by the physicist Niels Bohr in quantum mechanics for the systematization of irreconcilable data obtained by observers with differing perspectives. The author proposes that each patient with a mental disorder should be examined simultaneously and independently from the point of view of each of these systems of coordinates (the medical psychiatric paradigm and the psychotherapeutic paradigm).<br></p><p></p>

Operators and meaning of wave function

2016 ◽  
pp. 4039-4042
Author(s):  
Viliam Malcher
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
State Vector ◽  
The State ◽  
Physical Significance ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Description ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Description ◽  
Interpretation Of Quantum Theory

The interpretation problems of quantum theory are considered. In the formalism of quantum theory the possible states of a system are described by a state vector. The state vector, which will be represented as |ψ> in Dirac notation, is the most general form of the quantum mechanical description. The central problem of the interpretation of quantum theory is to explain the physical significance of the |ψ>. In this paper we have shown that one of the best way to make of interpretation of wave function is to take the wave function as an operator.

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