scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF HAPPINESS IN BIOETHICAL RESEARCH (QUALITY OF LIFE CONCEPTION)

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-146
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Withdrawing Treatment ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Manifest Rationality

The topic of happiness is one of the oldest in philosophical researches. Now it is the subject of interest, in particular, for bioethicists, scientists who are looking for the principles of proper treatment of human life, health, and death. The concept of happiness acquires special significance in the quality of life bioethical conception. The author of the article outlines the origins of the understanding of happiness adopted by the supporters of this conception, as well as gives examples of its application by them (above all by P. Singer, L. Nordenfelt, and J. McMahan). The quality of life bioethical conception adopted utilitarian vision of happiness, developed mainly by J. Bentham and J. S. Mill. According to it, happiness is identified with benefit or pleasure, which can be measured and maximized. In the XX century utilitarians began to consider autonomy – the ability of a person to manage his or her own life and death – as an important element of happiness. The influence of the preference utilitarianism is also noticeable. In obedience to it they see happiness in the ability of person to realize his or her rational and autonomous desires. The medical conditions that does not allow it are interpreted as lack of happiness. Thus, they justify not only the admissibility of withdrawing treatment that doesn’t give the expected result, but also of euthanasia. Killing a person, in terms of the quality of life conception, may not be a lack of happiness if the other alternative is to continue living in conditions that do not allow a person to realize his or her preferences, or does not coincide with his or her ideas of a decent life. The lives of persons who do not manifest rationality and autonomy are interpreted as inhuman, as wrongful, and the person as deprived of the right to happiness. Critics of the quality of life conception point to the subjectivity of the criteria by which happiness is measured. The second reproach is the reference to the absence of a hierarchy of values. That is why they give pleasure and absence of suffering too much importance.

scholarly journals Euthanasia and suicide: a medical and social discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
V. N. Ostapenko ◽  
I. V. Lantukh ◽  
A. P. Lantukh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Physician Assisted Suicide ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Strong Explosion ◽  
The Right

Annotation. The problem of suicide and euthanasia has been particularly updated with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a strong explosion of suicide, because medicine was not ready for it, and the man was too weak in front of its pressure. The article considers the issue of euthanasia and suicide based on philosophical messages from the position of a doctor, which today goes beyond medicine and medical ethics and becomes one of the important aspects of society. Medicine has achieved success in the continuation of human life, but it is unable to ensure the quality of life of those who are forced to continue it. In these circumstances, the admission of suicide or euthanasia pursues the refusal of the subject to achieve an adequate quality of life; an end to suffering for those who find their lives unacceptable. The reasoning that banned suicide: no one should harm or destroy the basic virtues of human nature; deliberate suicide is an attempt to harm a person or destroy human life; no one should kill himself. The criterion may be that suicide should not take place when it is committed at the request of the subject when he devalues his own life. According to supporters of euthanasia, in the conditions of the progress of modern science, many come to the erroneous opinion that medicine can have total control over human life and death. But people have the right to determine the end of their lives while using the achievements of medicine, as well as the right to demand an extension of life with the help of the same medicine. They believe that in the era of a civilized state, the right to die with medical help should be as natural as the right to receive medical care. At the same time, the patient cannot demand death as a solution to the problem, even if all means of relieving him from suffering have been exhausted. In defense of his claims, he turns to the principle of beneficence. The task of medicine is to alleviate the suffering of the patient. But if physician-assisted suicide and active euthanasia become part of health care, theoretical and practical medicine will be deprived of advances in palliative and supportive therapies. Lack of adequate palliative care is a medical, ethical, psychological, and social problem that needs to be addressed before resorting to such radical methods as legalizing euthanasia.

Singer über Rechte, Recht auf Leben und Euthanasie

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Slippery Slope Arguments ◽  
Recht Auf Leben ◽  
The Right ◽  
Utilitarian Theory

AbstractRights are not redundant elements of a plausible utilitarian theory and the right to life is an inseparable companion of the rights to nourishment and to medical care. The deeper reason for this thesis is the interdependence of values concerning vitality. In this perspective it is inconsistent to say that the (normal) newborn is unable to have a right to life, but has a right to be fed. The hidden premise of Singer’s rebuttal of involuntary euthanasia is a theory of rights as vetoes against imposed benefits. Without openly subscribing to such a theory there is no answer to ‘logical slippery slope’ arguments and no protection against dangerous ‘quality of life’ considerations as a basis of decisions over life and death.

The Human Predicament

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Benatar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Human Predicament ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Individual Human

The Human Predicament engages life’s big questions. Are our lives meaningless? Is death bad? Would immortality be better? Alternatively, should we hasten our deaths by acts of suicide? Many people are tempted to offer comforting, optimistic answers to these existential questions. The Human Predicament offers a less sanguine assessment and defends a substantial, but not unmitigated, pessimism. It is argued that while our lives can have some meaning, we are ultimately the insignificant beings that we fear we are. There is no point to human life as a whole, and individual human lives have no cosmic purpose. Nor is meaning the only way in which our lives are deficient. A candid appraisal reveals that the quality of life, although less bad for some people than for others, leaves much to be desired in even the best cases. Death, however, is not generally the solution. It exacerbates rather than mitigates our cosmic meaninglessness. It can release us from suffering but even when it does, it imposes another cost—annihilation. The human predicament is thus forged by both life and death. This unfortunate state of affairs has nuanced implications for how we should think about immortality and suicide, which are also discussed in The Human Predicament.

scholarly journals Built environment and water: Toward a better quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 881 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
S F Rizky ◽  
M H A Edytia ◽  
A Zahrah
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Right

Abstract Covid-19 pandemic reminds us repeatedly of the need to keep clean such as washing hands. This shows that the presence of water in the midst of human activities is important. This article examines what if the element of water is presented naturally in the between human activities: its psychological effects and design. The study was conducted by raising and describing the conditions of settlements in Indonesia which are still in direct contact with the water element and the benefits provided by its existence. Furthermore, the right design to make these water facilities actually have a better impact on the quality of human life will be studied by giving examples of related and similar facilities. These facilities are considered adequate supported by visitor opinions and scientific approach in supporting the prevention of Covid-19 transmission through physical distancing. Studies show that facilities that provide direct access for visitors in contact with water have a better impact and are more attractive to visitors in addition to other existing features.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTENT OF A DECENT LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
E.T. Temirbekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health And Well Being

The human right to a decent life is a fundamental social right that is the basis for the entire system of human social rights and freedoms. This right is enshrined in international law and includes a set of rights necessary for the free development of the personality in the economic, social and cultural fields, the right to a standard of living that is necessary to maintain the health and well-being of the human and his family. According to the Universal Declaration of human rights: «everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and social services». The life of a person who continuously receives new knowledge and hones professional skills, who is a conductor of high quality of creative selfrealization, is worthy. Today the public demand for large-scale innovations can only be met by activating continuous human creative activity. Hence the conclusion: a decent human life is the basis for innovative development of the entire society. And the modern innovative economy requires a new, innovative approach to the person, his role and significance in the modern socio-economic reality. Keywords: «decent life», quality of life, standard of living, living standard.

scholarly journals Abordări conceptuale și metodologii de măsurare a calității vieții. O analiză descriptivă

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bianca Buligescu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Life Measurement ◽  
Quality Dimensions

The main objective of this paper is to describe the logic of the conceptual approaches regarding the quality of life, and to identify the main dimensions and measurable indicators of quality of life. The identification of the main conceptualizations of quality of life is an essential step, in the context in which quality of life is often ambiguous or has multiple meanings. Although often used as an umbrella term which encompasses many aspects of human life, we aim to describe the logic of the integrative approaches regarding well-being/ quality of life. The identification of the main dimensions and measurable indicators of quality of life with a brief description of those, will serve to operationalize a list of life quality dimensions. Keywords: quality of life research; quality of life measurement; quality of life theory; social indicators; economic indicators. ●●●●● Principalele obiective ale acestei lucrări sunt de a descrie logica abordărilor conceptuale privind calitatea vieții și de a identifica principalele dimensiuni, respectiv indicatori măsurabili ai calității vieții. Analiza principalelor conceptualizări ale calității vieții reprezintă un pas esențial, în contextul în care utilizarea conceptului de calitatea vieții este adesea ambiguă sau cel puțin cu sensuri multiple. Deși utilizat adesea ca un termen-umbrelă care înglobează mai multe aspecte ale vieții umane, ne propunem să descriem logica abordărilor integrative privind calitatea vieții. Identificarea principalelor dimensiuni și indicatorii măsurabili ai calității vieții, cu o descriere pe scurt a acestora, va servi la operaționalizarea unei liste de dimensiuni a calității vieții. Cuvinte-cheie: cercetarea calității vieții; măsurarea calității vieții; teoria calității vieții; indicatori sociali; indicatori economici.

COLOUR & LIGHT DESIGN: AMBIENCE AS AN ANSWER TO THE PROBLEMS OF A HEALTHY COLLECTIVE HOUSING.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Caumon ◽  
G. Zissis ◽  
C. Caumon ◽  
E. Bécheras ◽  
C. Infantes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
The Right ◽  
Analysis Protocol

For several months now, the global pandemic that we are experiencing has highlighted that the quality of the habitat has a proven impact on our quality of life. In this context, it becomes fundamental to take into account the needs of each individual. The aim of this study is to show the benefits of designing the right atmosphere for the place and the needs of all inhabitants. Designing the ambience of a space leads us to anticipate the environment that will influence the subject who lives there. The design of the colour and light atmosphere contributes to improving the quality of life by ensuring a certain comfort in their daily activities. Through a case study, we will present an analysis protocol to examine a visual environment. The data collected will allow designers to move towards a more sensitive and adapted design of lighting and colour applied to collective housing.

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

Advantages of a mini right axillary thoracotomy for congenital heart defect repair in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jannika Dodge-Khatami ◽  
Ali Dodge-Khatami
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Axillary Approach ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objectives: The mini right axillary thoracotomy is an alternative surgical approach to repair certain congenital heart defects. Quality-of-life metrics and clinical outcomes in children undergoing either the right axillary approach or median sternotomy were compared. Methods: Patients undergoing either approach for the same defects between 2018 and 2020 were included. Demographic details, operative data, and outcomes were compared between both groups. An abbreviated quality of life questionnaire based on the Infant/Toddler/Child Health Questionnaires focused on the patient’s global health, physical activity, and pain/discomfort was administered to all parents/guardians within two post-operative years. Results: Eighty-seven infants and children underwent surgical repair (right axillary thoracotomy, n = 54; sternotomy, n = 33) during the study period. There were no mortalities in either group. The right axillary thoracotomy group experienced significantly decreased red blood cell transfusion, intubation, intensive care, and hospital durations, and earlier chest tube removal. Up to 1 month, parents’ perception of their child’s degree and frequency of post-operative pain was significantly less after the right axillary thoracotomy approach. No difference was found in the patient’s global health or physical activity limitations beyond a month between the two groups. Conclusions: With the mini right axillary approach, surrogates of faster clinical recovery and hospital discharge were noted, with a significantly less perceived degree and frequency of post-operative pain initially, but without the quality of life differences at last follow-up. While providing obvious cosmetic advantages, the minimally invasive right axillary thoracotomy approach for the surgical repair of certain congenital heart lesions is a safe alternative to median sternotomy.

scholarly journals Women's Role in Food Production and Nutrition: Implications for Their Quality of Life

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen ◽  
Ophelia Mascarenhas ◽  
Margareta Wandel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Work Allocation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Women's Role

The authors review the literature on the subject of how women's work along the food chain may affect their nutritional status and other aspects of their lives. They point out the discrimination against women in food and work allocation: women often work harder and have greater energy expenditures than men but get less food. Bennett makes this point in her article too, and McGuire touches on it as well.

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