scholarly journals Keselamatan Kini dan Nanti dalam Konsep Ayii dan Mobu serta Korelasinya dengan Konsep Keselamatan Paulus

MELINTAS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-205
Author(s):  
Benyamin Keiya
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come

Salvation is hoped by all people. Salvation is the purpose of human being to have a good life not only in the world but also in the afterlife. The question of whether it is historical or eschatological salvation as the most important in life comes up among the different religions and cultures. Culturally, people seek to find  salvation inn the world and hopefully in the hereafter. Ayii and mobu are concepts of salvation of the Ekagii tribe in Papua, Indonesia. These concepts want to give answers to the Ekagii people needing salvation in this world and in the afterlife as well. Mobu is an understanding of how a person survives in this world, but especially with regards of the material as well as the spiritual needs. Ayii is an understanding of how salvation could be experienced after death. The Ekagii people are trying to find the eternal life, ayii, in their life. This article correlates these concepts of salvation with that of Saint Paul especially in his escathology. Paul’s tension between the terms ‘already’ and ‘not yet’ is different, but in some sense similar to the cultural concepts of the Ekagii people. Paul is also providing some answers to the Christians concerning their need of salvation in the world and in the world to come. The author underlines the focus of both concepts on the process of salvation that is experienced historically and dinamically in the world.

scholarly journals Sejarah Penafsiran Ajaran Paulus Mengenai Pembenaran Oleh Iman

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-175
Author(s):  
Warseto Freddy Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Justification By Faith ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Wrath Of God ◽  
The Church

AbstractNo one can be justified before God for doing good deeds. No matter how good a man is, if he does not believe in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, he will not be saved from the wrath of God to come. There is no human being who is right before God, and no sinful man can save himself in any way. The only way out is in the way that God has given to the problem of all sinners, by sending Jesus Christ to the world to die for sinners. "And for this he came, so that every man believed in him, who was sent by God" (John 6:29). The Bible teaches that salvation is only obtained because of faith in Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is the object of that faith. This salvation is known as the statement "Justified by faith. Paul explained this teaching in each of his writings. This teaching of justification by faith has been repeatedly denied by some people who disagree with Paul's opinion. The history of the church from the early centuries to the present has proven the variety of understandings that have emerged from this teaching, but one important thing is that sinful humans are justified by their faith in Jesus Christ before God.Keywords: Paul;history; justified by faith.AbstrakTidak ada seorang pun yang dapat dibenarkan di hadapan Allah karena telah melakukan perbuatan baik. Sebaik apa pun manusia, jika dia tidak percaya kepada Yesus Kristus, Anak Allah maka ia tidak akan selamat dari murka Allah yang akan datang. Tidak ada seorang pun manusia yang benar di hadapan Allah, dan tidak ada seorang manusia berdosa yang dapat menyelematkan dirinya sendiri dengan cara apa pun. Satu-satunya jalan keluar adalah dengan cara yang Allah telah berikan untuk masalah semua orang berdosa, yaitu dengan mengutus Yesus Kristus ke dunia untuk mati bagi orang berdosa. “Dan untuk itulah Dia datang, yaitu supaya setiap orang percaya kepada Dia, yang telah diutus oleh Allah” (Yohanes 6:29). Alkitab mengajarkan bahwa keselamatan hanya diperoleh karena iman kepada Yesus Kristus. Yesus Kristus adalah obyek iman tersebut. Keselamatan ini dikenal dengan pernyataan “Dibenarkan karena iman. Paulus menjelaskan ajaran ini dalam setiap tulisannya. Ajaran pembenaran oleh iman ini telah berulang kali disangkal oleh beberap orang yang tidak setuju dengan pendapat Paulus. Sejarah gereja mulai dari abad permulaan sampai pada masa sekarang ini telah membuktikan beragamnya pemahaman yang muncul terhadap ajaran ini, namun satu hal yang terpenting adalah bahwa manusia berdosa dibenarkan oleh iman mereka kepada Yesus Kristus di hadapan Allah.Kata Kunci: Paulus; sejarah; iman; dibenarkan oleh iman.

scholarly journals ON THE DISCOVERY OF THE "LAW OF PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNOS BY MEANS OF SAVING HARMONY ON A TRUE SPIRITUAL BASIS"

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (390) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Uraz Baimuratov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
The Law ◽  
Essential Connection

The article highlights the scientific discovery of the author. In this case, the category of the duality of the world "Harmony-disharmony" is used, which is both spiritual and material at the same time. Spiritually oriented worldview is given special attention. The purpose of a person's life in our earthly life is set by our Creator and consists in successfully passing the tests for confession in earthly life. This allows a person to hope for eternal life in paradise. The concept of Harmony has tremendous methodological significance for humanities. A comparative analysis of two forms of life of individuals and societies is given. The role of saving Harmony, its laws is stated, including the newly discovered one. Harmony means an essential connection, dimensionality, conformity, unity of various spheres of society, without fail on the basis of true spirituality and morality. The paradigm of Harmony is a systemic combination of demoethics "D" as the main sphere with three other spheres of society (demography "D", democracy "D" and demoeconomics "D") according to the formula "D + 3D". The absence or lagging behind of one of these spheres means disharmony, lack of spirituality and immorality are especially pernicious. In Harmony, there is an economic Law of dominant elevation of true spiritual needs over reasonable material and non-material needs and desires of individuals.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON METAPHORS IN TI’I KA EMBU NUSI DISCOURSE IN RONGGA LANGUAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanes Paulus Florianus Erfiani
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Life Condition ◽  
The World ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
Long Life

This article is intended to investigate kinds of metaphors used in the discourse of Ti’i Ka Embu Nusi ‘Giving Food to Ancestors’ in Rongga Language (RL). It is also intended to investigate the cultural imagery expressed in the metaphors of Rongga language speakers (RLS). Many kinds of metaphors are used in the discourse of Ti’i Ka Embu Nusi in Rongga Language and Rongga Culture: structural metaphor, orientational metaphor and ontological metaphor. All metaphorical expressions belong to ontological metaphor. Nine of all the mataphors, beside belonging to ontological metaphor, are also belong to structural metaphor. Six of all the metaphors, beside belonging to ontological metaphor, also belong to orientational metaphor. It is also found the cultural imageryof the RLS was expressed in the metaphors appearing in the discourse of  Ti’i Ka Embu Nusi. (1) RLS believe that the ancestors are still alive even though they are not caught in five senses of the human being. Their eyes still can see their children living in the world, their ears still can hear their prayers, their noses still can smell foods, their tongues still can taste sweet, salty, or bitter of the drinks and the food, and their skins still can touch the human being. (2) RLS believe that the ancestors have power to protect or even to curse their living generation. (3) RLS desire good life condition for living in the world. This can be obtained by doing Ti’i Ka Embu Nusi. (4) RLS desire long life in the world. This can also be reached by doing Ti’i Ka Embu Nusi.

scholarly journals Angelomorphism and Magical Transformation in the Christian and Jewish Traditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Alison Greig
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Physical Body ◽  
Secure Access ◽  
The World ◽  
Liturgical Texts

This paper examines the concept of angelomorphism and magical transformation with reference to canonical and non-canonical Christian and Jewish beliefs. Magic, as loosely defined, is the attempt to engage with the world through the imagination or psyche in order to obtain some form of knowledge, benefit, or advantage, while celestial magic engages with the cosmos through stellar, planetary, or celestial symbolism, influences, or intelligences.1 Angelification of an individual is linked to the concept of resurrection, where, in the eschaton, the physical body of the righteous is transformed into a glorious new body fit for eternal life in heaven, regaining its divine likeness and becoming androgynous like an angel. The Hebrew Bible and Merkabah traditions support the possibility of the exceptional transformation of a human being into an angelic entity. Qumran liturgical texts also suggest the formation of an angelomorphic identity among the priesthood. The Christian gospels state that the redeemed will become like angels in heaven. Gnostics, however, consider that scriptural references to resurrection refer symbolically to receiving spiritual knowledge (gnosis). The paper examines concepts and practices within the respective traditions that point to a radical magical transformation of the human being that is needed to secure access to the heaven realm and the divine.

Jesus, Mary, and Akiva ben Joseph

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-141
Author(s):  
David Brodsky
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
Desert Fathers ◽  
The World ◽  
Egyptian Desert ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
Syriac Christianity

Early parallels to and commentaries on Massekhet Kallah (a rabbinic text from the Talmudic Period) read the story in it about a woman and her ill-conceived son as being about Jesus and Mary. While some modern scholars have shied away from this reading, I argue in this paper that Massekhet Kallah should be read as engaging its cultural context, particularly its Syriac Christian milieu. In the passage under discussion, Rabbi Akiva tricks the woman into revealing the circumstances under which her son was conceived by falsely promising her life in the world-to-come. False oaths, however, are strictly forbidden in rabbinic literature, which leaves scholars scrambling to justify Rabbi Akiva’s behavior. Read as an anti-Christian polemic, this and other anomalies begin to make sense and seem to be crafted to counter Christian ideology. If the narrative is read through this lens, it appears that the author is attempting to establish that Jesus is not the son of God, but the product of adulterous and impure sex; that the “true” revelation is of Jesus’ lowly birth rather than his divine conception; and that rabbis, rather than Jesus, have the power to grant a person eternal life. Typical of polemical literature, certain passages, like the one about the child and his mother, attack central Christian tenets, and the broader themes of Massekhet Kallah do appear to be wrestling with its Christian counterparts over the definitions of holiness and sexual asceticism; however, other passages present stories that can be read as consistent with those proliferating in the Christian monastic literature of the Egyptian desert fathers popular in Syriac Christianity. Taken together, the evidence suggests that Massekhet Kallah is a text that is engaging with its Christian milieu – at times striving with it and at times consonant with it. This article, then, is an experiment in reading Massekhet Kallah in that Christian context.

Thinking and feeling

2018 ◽  
pp. 552-570
Author(s):  
R. Peter Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Affective Communication ◽  
Congenital Blindness ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Sense ◽  
Flexible Thinking ◽  
To Come ◽  
Other World

When reflecting on the nature of thought, it is helpful to consider how thinking develops. Here I consider how in typical development, creative flexible thinking emerges over the first two years of a child’s life. Thinking develops through, and is grounded in, affective communication between the child and other expressive, embodied persons who relate to a shared world. In order to come to think symbolically (in a full sense), a human being needs to share and coordinate experiences of the world on a non-inferential, affective basis, drawing on biologically based capacities to identify with the attitudes of others. Individuals with autism and/or congenital blindness illustrate the implications for the development of thinking when a child’s experience of self-other-world relations are compromised in these respects.

scholarly journals Męczeństwo jako paradoksalne świadectwo życia w aktach i pasjach męczenników

Vox Patrum ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 307-318
Author(s):  
Jan M. Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
To Come

In ancient Christian literature (including the Acts of the Christian Martyrs), one can encounter many passages showing that the “eternal life” is not exactly the other life in the “world to come”, but a reality in which the Christian already participates during worldly existence.

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

The Book of Tribulations: The Syrian Muslim Apocalyptic Tradition'

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cook ◽  
Nu'aym b. Hammad al-Marwazi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
To Come

“The Book of Tribulations by Nu`aym b. Hammad al-Marwazi (d. 844) is the earliest Muslim apocalyptic work to come down to us. Its contents focus upon the cataclysmic events to happen before the end of the world, the wars against the Byzantines, and the Turks, and the Muslim civil wars. There is extensive material about the Mahdi (messianic figure), the Muslim Antichrist and the return of Jesus, as well as descriptions of Gog and Magog. Much of the material in Nu`aym today is utilized by Salafi-jihadi groups fighting in Syria and Iraq.

LINGUACULTURAL ASPECT OF TEMPORAL NOMINATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (30) ◽  
pp. 200-213
Author(s):  
Anna Shapoval
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Information Resource ◽  
Basic System ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Lunar Calendar ◽  
Temporal System ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come

Analysis of linguocultural aspect of temporal nominations is impossible without involving the problems of hrononymic lexics. Chrononyms is an important information resource of a certain linguaculture, some distinctive peculiarities of conceptual picture of the world. The aim of the experimental analysis is a complex examination of the linguacultural aspect of temporal nominations that function in Chinese and Turkish languages reflecting the concepts of the world. The research was based on the material of the novels “Imperial woman” by Pearl Buck and “Roxolana” by Pavlo Zagrebelniy. The analysis of recent scientific publications allowed us to come to the conclusion that the investigation of hrononymic lexics can involve different theoretical and practical principles. Being guided by the existing classifications of chrononyms (N. Podolskaya, M. Torchinsky, S. Remmer) the linguocultural features of the following types of temporal chrononymic lexical units were identified and studied in the research: georthonyms, dynastic chrononyms, tumultonyms, parsonyms and mensonyms. The results of the research demonstrate that not all lexical units of temporal denotation chosen from the above mentioned novels refer to the class of chrononyms. The group under investigation includes the following lexemes: nominations of the lunar calendar, nominations of the solar calendar, nominations of mixed calendar and temporal slots denoting day and night. The basic system of chronology in the linguiacultures under analysis is the dominance of the lunar calendar nominations (Chinese picture of the world — 51,0 %, Turkish — 40,4 %). In the analyzed works the nominations of the solar calendar are used less often in the Chinese picture of the world; the usage of this unit reaches 20 %, and this phenomenon is historically conditioned. Mixed calendar nominations (21 % of temporal units) are rather common, solar calendar nominations are refined by the monthly calendar; it can be explained by the fact that the Chinese mind is conservative towards the new temporal system. In the Turkish picture of the world 45 % of temporal vocabulary belongs to the solar calendar since in the sixteenth century only a lunar calendar operated in the Ottoman Empire. It should be mentioned that significant place in the temporal vocabulary of “Roxolana” is conditioned by the influence of the linguistic personality of the author, who was a Ukrainian.

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