scholarly journals Estetika Eksistensi Michel Foucault: Kritik dan Solusi Alternatif atas Radikalisme dan Ekstremisme

MELINTAS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-59
Author(s):  
Konrad Kebung
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Peak Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mode Of Being

This paper presents Foucault’s philosophical thinking on the constitution of the subject as the peak point of all his works from his early writings through his last writings, lectures, and seminars. All his works therefore can be summarized as a technology or a constitution of the self. To Foucault, this particular “self” should be seen as a result of a work of art that is ordered and engraved creatively and continuously. This “self” is seen as a mode of being which is unique, historical and contextual as well. This process Foucault calls an aesthetic of existence. This paper also shows Foucault’s own perspectives on the various radical and extreme movements that often times bring forth a lot of calamities to human life. Using his aesthetic of existence, he tries to look into such problems critically and presents some possible opportunities to minimize or even to erase all kinds of radicalizations and extremisms. Humankind should be able to care of him/her self and therefore he/she should be able to care for others.

scholarly journals Critical agency in education: a Foucauldian perspective

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Postma
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
The Self ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mode Of Being

While the neoliberal order is associated with the economy, government and globalisation, as a form of governmentality it effects a particular subjectivity. The subject is the terrain where the contest of control plays out. The subject is drawn into the seductive power of performativity which dictates its agency, desires and satisfactions and from which escape is difficult to imagine. Neoliberalism is particularly interested in an education which provides it with the much needed powers of production and consumption. This dependency of the neoliberal order on a particular kind of agential subjectivity is also its weakness because of the indeterminacy of the self. Within this openness of the human subject lies the possibility to be different and to escape any form of subjectification. Foucault’s account of the critical agent portrays a form of difference that opposes and transcends neoliberal ordering. Foucault finds the principle of practices of freedom in the Greco-Roman ethics of the care for the self. It is an ethics where the subject gains control of itself through the ascetic and reflective attention in relation to available ethical codes and with the guidance of a ‘master’. Such as strong sense of the self is the basis for personal and social transformation against neoliberal colonisation. The development of critical agency in education is subsequently investigated in the light of Foucault’s notions of agency and freedom. The contest of the subject is of particular importance to education interested in the development of critical agency. The critical agent is not only one who could identify and analyse regimes of power, but also one who could imagine different modes of being, and who could practice freedom in the enactment of an alternative mode of being. The educational implications are explored in relation to the role of the teacher and pedagogical processes.

Ethics of security: A genealogical introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-71
Author(s):  
Andrea Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pierre Hadot

This article analyses the set of ethical questions underlying the emergence of the modern politics of security, as articulated, in particular, in the work of Thomas Hobbes. An ethic is here understood – in line with its ancient philosophical use and the interpretation advanced by authors such as Michel Foucault and Pierre Hadot – as a domain of reflections and practices related to the cultivation and conversion of the self ( askēsis, metanoia). The article aims to demonstrate that, besides attending to the physical safety of the state and its citizens, modern apparatuses of security are also crucially implicated in the formation of their subjects as ethical and autonomous individuals. To substantiate this thesis, the article first illustrates how, since the first appearance of the term in the vocabulary of Western thought – and in Seneca’s work in particular – theories of security have been intimately tied to the cultivation of the self. It thus interprets Hobbes’s reflections on the subject as the upshot of a substantive, if implicit, re-articulation of Seneca’s ethic of security, by focusing on the two authors’ respective understandings of (a) autonomy, (b) the world, (c) ascesis, and (d) politics. Overall, it is suggested that the differences between the two authors testify to a wider political-historical shift: in modern regimes of governmentality, the ethical dimension of security no longer defines the rightful exercise of political power, but rather appears as an object of social and economic governance.

Het ‘niet-fascistische leven’: identiteit, subjectiviteit, verzet

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Lars Cornelissen
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophical Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Artistic Resistance

Abstract ‘Non-Fascist Living’: Identity, Subjectivity, ResistanceThis article explores a recent form of academic and artistic resistance to contemporary modalities of fascism. This form of resistance is premised upon the argument that fascism lodges itself in the deepest recesses of the self, manifesting as fascist desires and beliefs. As such, traces of fascism are present in everyone, including people who do not otherwise hold fascistic ideas. This position goes on to argue that any critic of fascism must accordingly identify and eradicate such traces inside her own subjectivity, by means of an ethics of ‘non-fascist living’. Critically examining the philosophical presuppositions of this position, the article asks what implicit conception of the subject and its relation to resistance is at work here. It brings this position into conversation with Michel Foucault, upon whose work it draws but whose understanding of resistance, it is argued, it reconceptualises. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications of this form of resistance for critical philosophical practice.

scholarly journals A CONSTITUIÇÃO DO SUJEITO EM MICHEL FOUCAULT A PARTIR DA HISTÓRIA DA SEXUALIDADE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Ketlin Kroetz ◽  
José Luis Schifino Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
The Self ◽  
History Of Sexuality ◽  
Care Of The Self ◽  
Single Reading ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

RESUMOEste ensaio objetiva discutir o modo como Michel Foucault abordou a constituição do sujeito a partir de a História da Sexualidade em seus volumes (I) A vontade de saber, (II) O uso dos prazeres e (III) O cuidado de si. O trabalho utiliza aportes teóricos de autores que trabalham “com” o filósofo francês em torno dos processos de subjetivação. Sem querer fechar conclusões e/ou propor uma leitura unívoca sobre o tema, o texto que segue conduz o debate em torno da invenção do sujeito e dos distintos modos de constituir-se/devir-a-ser sujeito da experiência no interior dos estudos foucaultianos e seu entrecruzamento com a Educação.Palavras-chave: Constituição do sujeito. História da sexualidade. Michel Foucault.ABSTRACTThis essay aims to discuss how Michel Foucault approached the theme of the subject constitution from the History of Sexuality in its volumes (I) An Introduction, (II) the use of pleasure and (III) The care of the self. The work use a series of theoretical contributions from authors who works “with” the French philosopher around the subjectivation processes. Without any pretention of closing conclusions and/or propose a single reading about the theme, the following text lead us to the debate around the invention of the subject and the different ways to constitutes/becomes the subject of the experience in the field of the Foucauldian studies and its intersection with Education.Keywords: Subject constitution. History of sexuality. Michel Foucault.

scholarly journals Michel Foucault et Paul Ricœur, vers un dialogue possible

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Castonguay
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Paul Ricoeur ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Historical Ontology ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
Paul Ricœur ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Il est désormais connu que Michel Foucault s’est intéressé à la fin de sa vie à l’ ”herméneutique du sujet.” Mais cette histoire de la constitution du sujet (ou de la subjectivité) fait étrangement l’économie d’une réflexion sur le rôle de la compréhension, alors que Foucault qualifie son travail d’ ”ontologie historique de nous-mêmes.” C'est sur ce point précis qu’est ici mis à l'épreuve le caractère médiateur de l’œuvre de Paul Ricœur, dont l’herméneutique du soi prend en charge une ontologie de la compréhension. Suite à ces considérations, la seconde partie de l’article cherche à démontrer que la théorie de l’agir de Ricœur peut favoriser le passage d’une reconnaissance de type objectale à une reconnaissance des capacités du sujet à se tenir pour responsable. Ce passage sera opéré directement sur le modèle d’analyse du “dernier Foucault,” c’est-à-dire son concept-clé de “processus de subjectivation.” In his later work, Michel Foucault manifested a strong interest for the “hermeneutics of the subject.” Yet this history of the constitution of the subject (or subjectivity) does without any reflection on the role of understanding, even though Foucault characterizes his project as a historical ontology of ourselves. The power of mediation emphasized in the work of Paul Ricœur may help us redefine an ontology of understanding through a hermeneutics of the self. Following this, the second part of the article aims to show that Ricœur’s theory of action can facilitate a transition from the recognition of the self, first described as “objectivation,” to a recognition of the subject’s capacity to be held responsible. This passage will draw on the model of analysis in the later Foucault, specifically, on his key concept of the subjectivation process.

scholarly journals Stultitia and Type 2 Diabetes: The Madness of Not Wanting to Care for the Self

2013 ◽  
pp. 154-174
Author(s):  
Anders Kruse Ljungdalh
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
The Self ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Shed Light

This paper explores the condition of stultitia, which is described by Michel Foucault in The Hermeneutics of the Subject as a condition one is in, before having started to care for the self.  The purpose is to shed light on one of the paradoxes of patient education by introducing and elaborating an aspect of Foucault’s literary activities, which has not, to my knowledge, been investigated empirically before.  To illustrate this condition, the paper targets the relation between type 2 diabetes, contemporary norms of healthy living, diabetes education, and the situation that sometimes occurs when individuals are not capable of, or motivated to, taking care of themselves.  It specifically targets a situation, which is both incomprehensible to health professionals and patients alike; when patients desire a healthy life, but at the same time do not pursue it according to the recommendations.  Thus, it is a condition of madness, which is investigated; madness in the sense that patients have internalised a rationality, against which their own behaviour rebels.

Arabic, Latin, and the Discipline of Grammar in the Worlds of Qushayrī and Gerson

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dominic Longo
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
The Self ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intellectual Discipline

The place of the Arabic and Latin languages in the respective cultural milieux in which Qushayrī and Gerson authored their “spiritual grammars” is as important as the significance of the intellectual discipline of grammar in the educational systems of their respective societies. This chapter offers the most detailed comparison to date of the medieval Arab Islamic and Latin Christian diglossic sociolinguistic situations, where grammar was inextricable from education and religion, and where these languages were “father tongues” holding considerable prestige and power. In both Qushayrī’s 11th century Persia and Gerson’s 15th century France, a vernacular mother tongue was on the historical verge of challenging the societal “father tongue” for dominance in literary and intellectual realms. The two medieval masters both used the power of the “father languages” of Arabic and Latin to give force to their “spiritual grammars” as part of a pedagogical project of what Michel Foucault would call forming the self and constructing the subject.

scholarly journals Self-representation in the works of Busisiwe Nzama: An analysis of the Frida 'little travellers' and more

Image & Text ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaya Mchunu
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
The Self ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Frida Kahlo ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation

The focus of this article is on 'little travellers', a form of figure making associated with Woza Moya, an arts and craft project based in Hillcrest, KwaZulu-Natal. This article tracks and analyses the creation of two variations of the Frida 'little traveller' created by a Woza Moya bead artist, Busisiwe Nzama, in partnership with the Director of the project, Paula Thomson. My data-gathering process was conducted over an eleven-month period of observations interspersed with conversations, photographing and interviews with the objective of deepening an understanding of the co-design and co-creation process between a stakeholder from the arts and craft non-governmental sector and societal practice partners. The study conducted found that an analysis of this process of partnership allows a deepened understanding of the historical realities of an individual expressed through beadworks. Some 'little travellers' by Nzama take their inspiration from the work of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. As with Kahlo, much of Nzama's work is concerned with self-representation. While Nzama and Kahlo treat the subject of self-representation differently, both artists indicate ways in which the self becomes infused in a work of art. This aspect of the 'little travellers' conceptualisation enables me to explore the similarities between Nzama and Kahlo's bodies of work.

scholarly journals The practice of self-nurturing in the concept of the Tyumen philosopher Y. M. Fyodorov

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Vladimirovich Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The subject of this research is the philosophy of the Tyumen philosopher Yuri Mikhailovich Fyodorov – a representative of the Tyumen philosophical tradition, who focused on the problems of ethics, namely practical implementation of the ethical in the context of development of the North and establishment of a new society from fundamentally different individuals. Tyumen philosophers were concerned with the question of how to form a single moral essence out of the agonistic society. For solving this problem, Yuri Mikhailovich Fyodorov turned to Neo-Platonism, cosmism, and Russian religious philosophy, as well as paid particular attention to the question of elevation of human to a moral entity. The ways for such subjectification proposed by Fedorov are examined in this article. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the philosopher is not widely known, as well as in the emphasis on the process of subjectification, epimeleia heautou in interpretation of M. Foucault, or the self-nurturing practices. It is illustrated that creativity, freedom, kindness and love are the key practices of self-nurturing which Y. M. Fyodorov indicated as the procedures of subjectification. From his perspective, these four concepts are the goal and practice for an individual, who seeks to surpass his own foundations. The philosophy of Y. M. Fyodorov aims to substantiate the unity of man with man, man with being; as well as attach meaning, value and vector to human life; contra pose something genuine, profound and eternal to the concepts that deprive an individual of the right to power over himself and the right to the long-term existence.

scholarly journals SUL MEDESIMO E L’ALTRO. TRA FOLLIA E LETTERATURA NELLA PROSPETTIVA SEMIOTICA DI STUDI DI MICHEL FOUCAULT

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Filippo SILVESTRI
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Middle Ages

Riassunto: Il rapporto tra il Medesimo e l’Altro rappresenta un leit motiv lungo l’intero arco della ricerca di Foucault. Negli anni Sessanta egli ha certamente tematizzato il problema, affrontandolo da due prospettive. L’altro è tutta la storia della follia dalla fine del Medioevo fino al limite dei primi studi di Freud. L’altro è la scrittura letteraria di Sade, Hölderlin, Nietzsche, Artaud, Bataille, Roussell, Blanchot, Klossowski, tutti insieme convocati su uno scenario filosofico, che si muove ad elastico tra teorie surrealiste della scrittura e dell’opera d’arte e prime forme di uno strutturalismo in pieno svolgimento.Abstract: The relationship between the Self and the Other represents a leitmotiv throughout Foucault’s research. In the sixties, he certainly addressed the issue from two perspectives. The Other is the whole history of madness from the end of the Middle Ages to the limits of Freud’s early studies. The Other is in the literary writings by Sade, Hölderlin, Nietzsche, Artaud, Bataille, Roussell, Blanchot, Klossowski, who are all summoned together on a philosophical scenario which ranges from surrealist theories of writing, and the work of art and first forms of structuralism in full swing.

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