scholarly journals Tuberculosis care cascade for the indigenous population in Colombia: an operational research study

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jhon Edwin Polanco-Pasaje ◽  
Iader Rodríguez-Márquez ◽  
Kelly Yoana Tello-Hoyos ◽  
Pilar Torres-Pereda ◽  
Bertha Leonor Guzmán-Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Health Service Provider ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Tuberculosis Care

Objective. Construct and evaluate the care cascade for pulmonary tuberculosis in the indigenous population of the department of Cauca (Colombia) and identify existing gaps. Methods. Mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. In the first phase, the pulmonary tuberculosis care cascade for the indigenous population of Cauca was evaluated. Data were obtained from secondary sources and all cases diagnosed from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017 were included. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were done with nine program coordinators and 11 nursing auxiliaries to explain identified gaps. Absolute and percentage values were estimated for each of the steps and gaps in the care cascade. Quantitative and qualitative results were triangulated. Results. In 2016 and 2017, an estimated 202 patients with respiratory symptoms were expected to be positive and 106 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported among the indigenous population of the department of Cauca. A gap of 47.5% was found for diagnosis, since only 52.5% of subjects were diagnosed in health services. This gap was explained by poor quality of samples and flawed smear techniques; flaws in correct identification of patients with respiratory symptoms; limited access to diagnostic methods, such as culture and molecular tests; and limited training and high turnover of personnel in health service provider institutions. Conclusions. The tuberculosis control program should focus actions on bridging the gap in case detection in the indigenous population.

scholarly journals 355Tuberculosis care cascade in an indigenous population of a Colombian region

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iader Alfonso Rodríguez Márquez ◽  
Kelly Yoana Tello Hoyos ◽  
María del Pilar Torres Pereda ◽  
Bertha Leonor Guzmán Salazar ◽  
Freddy Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Qualitative Phase

Abstract Background It is estimated, there are around 370 million indigenous people in the world. For 2017, 5.4% of tuberculosis cases in Colombia occurred in the indigenous population (IP), while in the Cauca region, it was 32% and only 19.3% of new cases were detected. This is the second region with the highest proportion of IP in Colombia. This could affect the fulfillment of the aims of the Colombian Strategic Plan Towards the End of TB. Our aim was to evaluate the pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) care cascade in IP of Cauca and identified gaps in the cascade. Methods Mixed methods (explanatory sequential desing). In the quantitative phase, the care cascade was evaluated. In the qualitative phase we sought to explain the gaps in the cascade. Tuberculosis program information and semi-structured interviews were used. Results In the care cascade in IP, 202 cases of presumptive PTB (New smear-positive expected) were estimated. A gap of undiagnosed cases of 47.5% was found (n = 96). This gap was explained by poor quality of the Acid-Fast Bacillus Smear, failures in the identification of presumptive tuberculosis, limited access to diagnostic methods, poor training and high turnover of healthcare workers were identified as possible explanations. Conclusions The efforts of the tuberculosis control program in the IP should focus on reducing the gap of undiagnosed cases. Key messages The PTB in IP could affect the fulfillment of the goals of the program. Approximately half of the expected cases were not detected during 2016-2017.

Analysis of the structure of ophthalmological pathology of outpatients in the treatment and diagnostic department

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
A.V. Romanova ◽  
◽  
R.A. Burya ◽  
A.D. Pilipenko ◽  
E.L. Sorokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
And Gender

Purpose. Clinical analysis of the nosological structure of ophthalmologic pathology in patients who applied to the treatment and diagnostic department (TDD) in 2020. Material and methods. The article provides an analysis of the number of patients who applied to the TDD of the Khabarovsk branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution for the period from the beginning of January to the end of December 2020 (continuous sampling method). An assessment of their age and gender composition is given, an analysis of the nosological structure of ophthalmopathology in the patients who have applied, its stage, is carried out, a comparison is made with similar data from five years ago. Results. In the structure of ophthalmic pathology, there was a high turnover rate of patients with the presence of various types of ametropia, as well as for the purpose of its surgical correction. A large number of patients with socially significant types of pathologies: cataracts, glaucoma, acquired diseases of the macular region, vascular diseases of the retina, requiring highly specialized surgical and conservative treatment. The analysis of the results of the work of the TDD showed a high percentage of detection of eye diseases, as well as for the first time detected serious pathology, achieved with the help of complex modern diagnostic methods. Conclusion. In 2020 8 851 patients with various ophthalmic pathologies were examined. In comparison with the five-year data, the volume of applications to LDOs increased significantly by 42%. Key words: ophthalmopathology, refractive error, cataract, glaucoma, medical and diagnostic department.

scholarly journals Changes in Diagnostic Methods for Pulmonary Tuberculosis between 2005 and 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Ahn ◽  
Joohae Kim ◽  
Chul-Gyu Yoo ◽  
Young Whan Kim ◽  
Sung Koo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods

scholarly journals Comparison of Acid Fast Bacilli Smear and Culture for the Diagnosis of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (155) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basista Rijal ◽  
P Ghimire ◽  
N R Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

The study was conducted with the objectives to compare the Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining and Culture for the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and to find out the burden of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis from the different site of the body in suspected TB patients. The standard Ziehl-Neelsen Technique was done for AFB staining and culture was done in Ogawa Medium. Of the 292 extra-pulmonary samples examined by AFB smear only 2(0.7%) were positive and of the 1058 extra-pulmonary samples cultured 20 (1.9%) were positive. The isolation rate for extra-pulmonary samples was three fold higher in culture in comparison to AFB Smear. The confirmation rate of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was approximately 1/ 8th of the pulmonary tuberculosis by conventional bacteriological diagnostic methods. Of the extra-pulmonary tuberculosis renal, endometrial or pelvic and cold abscess were common in this study. M.tuberculosis was also isolated from peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, Synovial fluid, lymph node and cerebro spinal fluids only by culture. In conclusion, the standard AFB culture has significant role for diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, even though the conventional bacteriological technique could diagnose very low number of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. The new methods of diagnosis should be considered to confirm more extra- pulmonary  tuberculosis.Key Words: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, AFB Smear, Culture, Diagnosis, Nepal.

scholarly journals Respiratory symptoms and lung function in patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi: a prospective cohort study

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-217190
Author(s):  
Rebecca Nightingale ◽  
Beatrice Chinoko ◽  
Maia Lesosky ◽  
Sarah J Rylance ◽  
Bright Mnesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Completion ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

RationalePulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) can cause post-TB lung disease (PTLD) associated with respiratory symptoms, spirometric and radiological abnormalities. Understanding of the predictors and natural history of PTLD is limited.ObjectivesTo describe the symptoms and lung function of Malawian adults up to 3 years following PTB-treatment completion, and to determine the evolution of PTLD over this period.MethodsAdults successfully completing PTB treatment in Blantyre, Malawi were followed up for 3 years and assessed using questionnaires, post-bronchodilator spirometry, 6 min walk tests, chest X-ray and high-resolution CT. Predictors of lung function at 3 years were identified by mixed effects regression modelling.Measurement and main resultsWe recruited 405 participants of whom 301 completed 3 years follow-up (mean (SD) age 35 years (10.2); 66.6% males; 60.4% HIV-positive). At 3 years, 59/301 (19.6%) reported respiratory symptoms and 76/272 (27.9%) had abnormal spirometry. The proportions with low FVC fell from 57/285 (20.0%) at TB treatment completion to 33/272 (12.1%), while obstruction increased from and 41/285 (14.4%) to 43/272 (15.8%) at 3 years. Absolute FEV1 and FVC increased by mean 0.03 L and 0.1 L over this period, but FEV1 decline of more than 0.1 L was seen in 73/246 (29.7%). Higher spirometry values at 3 years were associated with higher body mass index and HIV coinfection at TB-treatment completion.ConclusionSpirometric measures improved over the 3 years following treatment, mostly in the first year. However, a third of PTB survivors experienced ongoing respiratory symptoms and abnormal spirometry (with accelerated FEV1 decline). Effective interventions are needed to improve the care of this group of patients.

scholarly journals Quality of tuberculosis care in high burden countries: the urgent need to address gaps in the care cascade

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cazabon ◽  
Hannah Alsdurf ◽  
Srinath Satyanarayana ◽  
Ruvandhi Nathavitharana ◽  
Ramnath Subbaraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Burden ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Tuberculosis Care

scholarly journals Gaps in the child tuberculosis care cascade in 32 rural communities in Uganda and Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Mwangwa ◽  
Gabriel Chamie ◽  
Dalsone Kwarisiima ◽  
James Ayieko ◽  
Asiphas Owaraganise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Tuberculosis Care

The Roman Road-Station at Thenadassa (Ain Wif)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Military ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractA reappraisal of the Roman period ruins at Ain Wif has been made following the identification there of traces of defensive walls. These walls are interpreted as being the robbed-out remains of a Roman fortlet and possibly also a tort on the same site. Two phases of military occupation were also evident in modern drain trenches being cut across the site and are attested epigraphically for the military bath-house by the spring. Ceramic evidence from the site suggests that the initial phase lies within the second century, whilst the Severan occupation, known from an inscription to begin early in the third century, represents a second phase. The previous view of the site as an undefended road-station, with a military presence only under the Severan emperors is no longer tenable. Moreover, the new evidence indicates that there was some measure of military organisation in the hinterland of the Emporia prior to the accession of Septimius Severus at the very end of the second century AD. The importance of the site also lies in its large civilian and indigenous population who continued to occupy the site long after the military had departed.

scholarly journals PO-0008 Pulmonary Tuberculosis In A 4 Month Old With No Respiratory Symptoms

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A253.3-A254
Author(s):  
S Osman ◽  
A Hamad ◽  
S Khan ◽  
M Henduas ◽  
S Elhassan
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms
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