scholarly journals 355Tuberculosis care cascade in an indigenous population of a Colombian region

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iader Alfonso Rodríguez Márquez ◽  
Kelly Yoana Tello Hoyos ◽  
María del Pilar Torres Pereda ◽  
Bertha Leonor Guzmán Salazar ◽  
Freddy Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Qualitative Phase

Abstract Background It is estimated, there are around 370 million indigenous people in the world. For 2017, 5.4% of tuberculosis cases in Colombia occurred in the indigenous population (IP), while in the Cauca region, it was 32% and only 19.3% of new cases were detected. This is the second region with the highest proportion of IP in Colombia. This could affect the fulfillment of the aims of the Colombian Strategic Plan Towards the End of TB. Our aim was to evaluate the pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) care cascade in IP of Cauca and identified gaps in the cascade. Methods Mixed methods (explanatory sequential desing). In the quantitative phase, the care cascade was evaluated. In the qualitative phase we sought to explain the gaps in the cascade. Tuberculosis program information and semi-structured interviews were used. Results In the care cascade in IP, 202 cases of presumptive PTB (New smear-positive expected) were estimated. A gap of undiagnosed cases of 47.5% was found (n = 96). This gap was explained by poor quality of the Acid-Fast Bacillus Smear, failures in the identification of presumptive tuberculosis, limited access to diagnostic methods, poor training and high turnover of healthcare workers were identified as possible explanations. Conclusions The efforts of the tuberculosis control program in the IP should focus on reducing the gap of undiagnosed cases. Key messages The PTB in IP could affect the fulfillment of the goals of the program. Approximately half of the expected cases were not detected during 2016-2017.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis care cascade for the indigenous population in Colombia: an operational research study

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jhon Edwin Polanco-Pasaje ◽  
Iader Rodríguez-Márquez ◽  
Kelly Yoana Tello-Hoyos ◽  
Pilar Torres-Pereda ◽  
Bertha Leonor Guzmán-Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Health Service Provider ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Tuberculosis Care

Objective. Construct and evaluate the care cascade for pulmonary tuberculosis in the indigenous population of the department of Cauca (Colombia) and identify existing gaps. Methods. Mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. In the first phase, the pulmonary tuberculosis care cascade for the indigenous population of Cauca was evaluated. Data were obtained from secondary sources and all cases diagnosed from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017 were included. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were done with nine program coordinators and 11 nursing auxiliaries to explain identified gaps. Absolute and percentage values were estimated for each of the steps and gaps in the care cascade. Quantitative and qualitative results were triangulated. Results. In 2016 and 2017, an estimated 202 patients with respiratory symptoms were expected to be positive and 106 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported among the indigenous population of the department of Cauca. A gap of 47.5% was found for diagnosis, since only 52.5% of subjects were diagnosed in health services. This gap was explained by poor quality of samples and flawed smear techniques; flaws in correct identification of patients with respiratory symptoms; limited access to diagnostic methods, such as culture and molecular tests; and limited training and high turnover of personnel in health service provider institutions. Conclusions. The tuberculosis control program should focus actions on bridging the gap in case detection in the indigenous population.

INDIGENOUS TOUR GUIDES: INNATE INFLUENCERS OF CULTURAL MEDIATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areej Shabib Aloudat ◽  
Saad Al-Saad
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
Cultural Mediators ◽  
Different Cultures

A key component of any destinations' culture is the country's indigenous population, including the indigenous tour guides who convey the indigenous experience to the tourists as they are mostly the only ones to be encountered at first hand by the tourists yet, their exceptional role is largely unmapped. This research aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of the indigenous tour guides on their cultural mediating role, specifically, in a cultural context in which the indigenous people are dominant, powerful in the society, and represent the majority of the local community.The research inquiry uses a qualitative approach employing key informants and semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select participants from tour guides in Jordan. The findings are organized in two themes based on the related literature and the interviews transcripts. First, tour guides’ beliefs about their role as cultural mediators. Next, tour guides’ opinions about the influencing action they practice in their interpretation. The research emphasized the utmost exceptionality of the indigenous tour guides as innate cultural mediators revealing their influencing power of such mediation, in specific, in an oriental cultural setting. The research recommends considering the indigenous tour guides as key players in bridging the gaps between different cultures giving the fact that indigenous knowledge is acquired from being indigenous people. In addition, the research indicated that it is critical to recognise the quality of mediation they perform taking into account the accurate interpretation of the destination’s culture.

scholarly journals Main Influencing Factors of Quality Determination of Collaborative Open Data Pages

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Ralf-Christian Härting ◽  
Włodzimierz Lewoniewski
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Structured Interviews

Collaborative knowledge bases allow anyone to create and edit information online. One example of a resource with collaborative content is Wikipedia. Despite the fact that this free encyclopedia is one of the most popular sources of information in the world, it is often criticized for the poor quality of its content. Articles in Wikipedia in different languages on the same topic, can be created and edited independently of each other. Some of these language versions can provide very different but valuable information on each topic. Measuring the quality of articles using metrics is intended to make open data pages such as Wikipedia more reliable and trustworthy. A major challenge is that the ‘gold standard’ in determining the quality of an open data page is unknown. Therefore, we investigated which factors influence the potentials of quality determination of collaborative open data pages and their sources. Our model is based on empirical data derived from the experience of international experts on knowledge management and data quality. It has been developed by using semi-structured interviews and a qualitative content analysis based on Grounded Theory (GT). Important influencing factors are: Better outcomes, Better decision making, Limitations, More efficient workflows for article creation and review, Process efficiency, Quality improvement, Reliable and trustworthy utilization of data.

Positive and negative meanings are simultaneously ascribed to colorectal cancer: Relationship to quality of life and psychosocial adjustment

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Aguirre Camacho ◽  
Sheila N. Garland ◽  
Celestina Martopullo ◽  
Guy Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Positive Meaning

AbstractObjective:Experiencing cancer can give rise to existential concerns causing great distress, and consequently drive individuals to make sense of what cancer may mean to their lives. To date, meaning-based research in the context of cancer has largely focused on one possible outcome of this process, the emergence of positive meanings (e.g. post-traumatic growth). However, negative meanings may also be ascribed to cancer, simultaneously with positive meanings. This study focused on the nature of the co-existence of positive and negative meanings in a sample of individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer to find out whether negative meaning had an impact on quality of life and psychosocial adjustment above and beyond positive meaning.Methods:Participants were given questionnaires measuring meaning-made, quality of life, and psychological distress. Semi structured interviews were conducted with a subgroup from the original sample.Results:Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that negative meaning-made (i.e. helplessness) was a significant predictor of poor quality of life and increased levels of depression/anxiety above and beyond positive meaning-made (i.e. life meaningfulness, acceptance, and perceived benefits). Correlational analyses and interview data revealed that negative meaning-made was mainly associated with physical and functional disability, while positive meaning-made was mostly related to emotional and psychological well-being.Significance of results:Meanings of varying valence may simultaneously be ascribed to cancer as it impacts different life dimensions, and they may independently influence quality of life and psychosocial adjustment. The presence of positive meaning was not enough to prevent the detrimental effects of negative meaning on psychosocial adjustment and quality of life among individuals taking part in this study. Future attention to negative meaning is warranted, as it may be at least as important as positive meaning in predicting psychosocial adjustment and quality of life following a cancer diagnosis.

Adult Glioblastoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (21) ◽  
pp. 2402-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Alexander ◽  
Timothy F. Cloughesy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Current Standards ◽  
Made In

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a rare tumor and one of the most challenging malignancies to treat in all of oncology. Although advances have been made in the treatment of GBM, encouraging outcomes typically are not observed; patients diagnosed with these tumors generally have a dismal prognosis and poor quality of life as the disease progresses. This review summarizes the clinical presentation of GBM, diagnostic methods, evidentiary basis for the current standards of care, and investigational approaches to treat or manage GBM. Because the track record for developing effective therapies for GBM has been dismal, we also review the challenges to successful therapeutic and biomarker development.

An experience of performing spirometry by trained general practitioners

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
M. A. Pokhaznikova ◽  
E. A. Andreeva ◽  
O. Yu. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Study Research ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Forced Expiratory Maneuver ◽  
Maximal Effort

The article discusses the experience of teaching and conducting spirometry of general practitioners as part of the RESPECT study (RESearch on the PrEvalence and the diagnosis of COPD and its Tobacco-related aetiology). A total of 33 trained in spirometry general practitioners performed a study of 3119 patients. Quality criteria met 84.1% of spirometric studies. The analysis of the most common mistakes made by doctors during the forced expiratory maneuver is included. The most frequent errors were expiration exhalation of less than 6s (54%), non-maximal effort throughout the test and lack of reproducibility (11.3%). Independent predictors of poor spirogram quality were male gender, obstruction (FEV1 /FVC<0.7), and the center where the study was performed. The number of good-quality spirograms ranged from 96.1% (95% CI 83.2–110.4) to 59.8% (95% CI 49.6–71.4) depending on the center. Subsequently, an analysis of the reasons behind the poor quality of research in individual centers was conducted and the identified shortcomings were eliminated. The poor quality of the spirograms was associated either with the errors of the doctors who undertook the study or with the technical malfunctions of the spirometer.

KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN STROKE DI POLIKLINIK RAWAT JALAN RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Hana Larasati ◽  
Theresia Titin Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Psychological Dimension

Background: stroke is a disorder of nervous system function that occurs suddenly and is caused by brain bleeding disorders that can affect the quality of life physical dimensions, social dimensions, psychological dimensions, environmental dimensions. Based on the result of Lumbu study (2015) the number of samples were 71 people collected data using the (WHOQOL-BREF). There were 56 people (78,9%) had the poor quality of life of post stroke. The mean of post-stroke quality of life domain was physical domain (45,27%), psychological domain (49,87%), social relations domain (48,15%) and environmental domain (50.01%). Objective: the purpose of the study was know the quality of life of the stroke patients in Outpatient Polyclinic of Private Hospital in Yogyakarta. Methods: used descriptive quantitative by using questionnaire test of purposive sampling system based on patients who have been affected of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke before, number 30 respondents. Result: quality of life of stroke patient of medium physical dimension (67%), psychological dimension (71%), social dimension (67%), dimension good environment (63%). Conclusion: the quality of life of stroke patients of physical dimension, psychological dimension, and moderate social dimension, while the quality of life of stroke patients were good environmental dimension.   Keywords: Hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, quality of life

YEAR 2020: ON THE REMAINING REPRODUCTIVE THREATS AND THEIR NEUTRALIZATION ON THE WAYS TO IMPROVE STRATEGIC PLANNING AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY, THE DEPLOYMENT OF THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND ITS SECTORAL AND REGIONAL SUBSYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-53
Author(s):  
Yu.B. Vinslav
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Modernization

The article analyzes the main indicators of the evolution of the domestic economy and its industrial complex in the past year (in January — November 2019). It Identifies trends in this evolution, including negative trends that determine the preservation of reproductive threats in 2020: sluggishness, instability and low quality of economic growth. The main reasons for the fact that the objective resource capabilities of the macro level were clearly not used enough to effectively solve the urgent problems of technological modernization of the economy and increase people’s welfare are established. The main reason is the poor quality of public administration, including imperfect strategic planning and industrial policy; there is still no modern national innovation system in the country. Accordingly, recommendations for improving the quality of state regulation in its specified components are justified. The recommended measures, according to the author, will help the economy to move to a trajectory of rapid, sustainable and high-quality growth.

Gender and Regional Differences in the Life Expectancy in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodionova ◽  
E. D. Kopnova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Poor Nutrition

The relevance of the chosen topic is closely related to the development of a system for monitoring the implementation of the May Presidential Decree (2018) to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life of the population. It has been stated that despite the positive dynamics of life expectancy over the past decade, Russia still has a huge regional differentiation (16,6 years for women, 18,2 years for men in 2016) and an average gender gap - 10,6 years. The choice of factors affecting the gender gap in life expectancy in Russian regions is supported by a conclusion most common in foreign studies that climatic conditions, living conditions, the quality of food and drinking water, alcohol consumption are essential components of public health and life expectancy.The article provides an overview of studies on assessment factors of life expectancy, presents the authors’ approach to identifying gender gaps in life expectancy, living conditions, and lifestyle affecting the indicator of life expectancy. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of gender gap in life expectancy in Russia and foreign countries. The paper studies the correlation between living conditions and lifestyle, and life expectancy.Classification of the regions by the life expectancy at birth for men and women is an important component of this study. The authors used Rosstat data for 2016 and the k-means method to select three clusters of Russian regions taking into account gender, living conditions and lifestyle. The paper identifies similar health problems of the regions that are associated with alcohol consumption, poor nutrition and poor quality of drinking water, poor housing and living conditions. The lowest life expectancy rates for men and women are recorded in regions of the 1st cluster (Jewish Autonomous Region, Republic of Tuva, Chukotka Autonomous Area). High mortality rates are a result of external causes. There is a poor quality of drinking water and poor nutrition, excessive alcohol consumption, and inadequate housing conditions.Based on the obtained results were determined possible reserves for reducing the gender and regional differentiation of life expectancy.

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