ROLE OF PLC IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
N. LOKHANDE NITIN ◽  
K. JADHAV VILAS ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Applications

scholarly journals Deciphering the metabolic capabilities of Bifidobacteria using genome-scale metabolic models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Devika ◽  
Karthik Raman
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetate Production ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Metabolic Models ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Genome Scale ◽  
Modelling Approach

AbstractBifidobacteria, the initial colonisers of breastfed infant guts, are considered as the key commensals that promote a healthy gastrointestinal tract. However, little is known about the key metabolic differences between different strains of these bifidobacteria, and consequently, their suitability for their varied commercial applications. In this context, the present study applies a constraint-based modelling approach to differentiate between 36 important bifidobacterial strains, enhancing their genome-scale metabolic models obtained from the AGORA (Assembly of Gut Organisms through Reconstruction and Analysis) resource. By studying various growth and metabolic capabilities in these enhanced genome-scale models across 30 different nutrient environments, we classified the bifidobacteria into three specific groups. We also studied the ability of the different strains to produce short-chain fatty acids, finding that acetate production is niche- and strain-specific, unlike lactate. Further, we captured the role of critical enzymes from the bifid shunt pathway, which was found to be essential for a subset of bifidobacterial strains. Our findings underline the significance of analysing metabolic capabilities as a powerful approach to explore distinct properties of the gut microbiome. Overall, our study presents several insights into the nutritional lifestyles of bifidobacteria and could potentially be leveraged to design species/strain-specific probiotics or prebiotics.

A Taxonomy of Internet Commerce (originally published in October 1998)

First Monday ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bambury
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Internet Commerce ◽  
Internet Business ◽  
Commercial Applications

This paper is included in the First Monday Special Issue: Commercial Applications of the Internet, published in July 2006. For author reflections on this paper, visit the Special Issue. This paper attempts to clarify terminology discussing the interface between commerce and the Internet. It is also an empirically derived classification system or taxonomy of existing Internet business models. This taxonomy has two main branches - transplanted real-world business models and native Internet business models. The latter part of the paper discusses the role of business, governments, regulation and ideology in the development of I-Commerce and makes some cautious speculations regarding its future.

The Role of “Allowable Flux Density” in the Design and Operation of Molten-Salt Solar Central Receivers

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorin L. Vant-Hull
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
The North ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Computer Codes ◽  
Commercial Applications

In the 1980s, the Utility Study [Hilesland, T., Jr., and Weber, E. R., 1988, “Utilities’ Study of Solar Central Receivers,” Fourth Int. Symp. on Research, Development, and Applications of Solar Thermal Technology, Santa Fe, NM] identified the external cylindrical molten-salt-in-tube receiver with a surround heliostat field as the most cost effective and practical design for commercial applications. Such designs typically require 50–1000 MW of design-point thermal power at outlet temperatures around 1050°F (565°C). Using computer codes such as RCELL [Lipps, F. W., and Vant-Hull, L. L., 1978, “A Cellwise Method for the Optimization of Large Central Receiver Systems,” Solar Energy, 20(6) pp. 505–516.] or DELSOL [Kistler, B. L., “A Users Manual for Delsol 3,” Sandia National Laboratories Livermore, SAND86-8018, 1987.] it is straightforward to design an optical system to meet these requirements, defining the smallest receiver (lower cost and thermal losses) and the most cost effective heliostat field. As the performance of heliostats in the anti-sun locations is better, such fields tend to be biased (in the northern hemisphere) to the north side of the receiver, and produce very high flux densities there; typically 2–5 MW/m2. However, the receiver is typicaly limited to a salt velocity and temperature dependent allowable flux density (AFD) of about 1 MW/m2. Design methods to reduce this peak flux to a nominally acceptable value in a cost effective manner are presented. Residual excess flux events under non-nominal conditions are handled by a real-time processor which selects specific heliostats for removal from track. This same processor is used to preheat the receiver, using a special algorithm to define the required flux density.

scholarly journals The Role of CO2 as a Mild Oxidant in Oxidation and Dehydrogenation over Catalysts: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Sheikh Tareq Rahman ◽  
Jang-Rak Choi ◽  
Jong-Hoon Lee ◽  
Soo-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Dehydrogenation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Cost

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is widely used as an enhancer for industrial applications, enabling the economical and energy-efficient synthesis of a wide variety of chemicals and reducing the CO2 levels in the environment. CO2 has been used as an enhancer in a catalytic system which has revived the exploitation of energy-extensive reactions and carry chemical products. CO2 oxidative dehydrogenation is a greener alternative to the classical dehydrogenation method. The availability, cost, safety, and soft oxidizing properties of CO2, with the assistance of appropriate catalysts at an industrial scale, can lead to breakthroughs in the pharmaceutical, polymer, and fuel industries. Thus, in this review, we focus on several applications of CO2 in oxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation systems. These processes and catalytic technologies can reduce the cost of utilizing CO2 in chemical and fuel production, which may lead to commercial applications in the imminent future.

The Role of Human Factors in Web Personalization Environments

2011 ◽  
pp. 3338-3344
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Germanakos ◽  
Nikos Tsianos ◽  
Zacharias Lekkas ◽  
Constantinos Mourlas
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Matching ◽  
Web Mining ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Information Structures ◽  
Web Personalization ◽  
Adaptive Hypermedia ◽  
Commercial Applications

The explosive growth in the size and use of the World Wide Web as a communication medium as well as the new developments in ICT allowed service providers to meet these challenges, developing new ways of interactions through a variety of channels enabling users to become accustomed to new means of service consumption in an “anytime, anywhere and anyhow” manner. However, the nature of most information structures is static and complicated, and users often lose sight of the goal of their inquiry, look for stimulating rather than informative material, or even use the navigational features unwisely. Hence, researchers and practitioners studied adaptivity and personalization to address the comprehension and orientation difficulties presented in such systems, to alleviate such navigational difficulties and satisfy the heterogeneous needs of the users, allowing at the same time Web applications of this nature to survive. There are many approaches to address these issues of personalization but usually, each one is focused upon a specific area, that is, whether this is profile creation, machine learning and pattern matching, data and Web mining or personalized navigation. Some noteworthy, mostly commercial, applications in the area of Web personalization that collect information with various techniques and further adapts the services provided, are among others the Broadvision’s One-To-One, Microsoft’s Firefly Passport, the Macromedia’s LikeMinds Preference Server, the Apple’s WebObjects, and so forth. Other, more research-oriented systems, include ARCHIMIDES (Bogonikolos et al., 1999), Proteus (Anderson et al., 2001), WBI (Magglio & Barret, 2001), BASAR (Thomas & Fischer, 1997), and mPERSONA (Panayiotou & Samaras, 2004). Significant implementations have also been developed in the area of adaptive hypermedia, with regards to the provision of adapted educational content to students using various adaptive hypermedia techniques. Such systems are, among others, INSPIRE (Papanikolaou, Grigoriadou, Kornilakis, & Magoulas, 2003), ELM-ART (Weber & Specht, 1997), AHA! (De Bra & Calvi, 1998), Interbook (Brusilovsky, Eklund, & Schwartz, 1998), and so forth.

scholarly journals Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing in the MSc Program "ESPACE" at Technische Universitaet Muenchen

2014 ◽  
Vol II-6 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
U. Stilla ◽  
D. Iwaszczuk ◽  
R. Pail
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Study Programme ◽  
Observation Systems ◽  
Satellite Applications ◽  
Double Degree ◽  
Commercial Applications

ESPACE is an interdisciplinary Master's study programme of Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) positioned at the interface between space technology and the engineering and natural science-based use of satellite data. It combines the technical aspects of the satellite and observation systems with scientific and commercial applications. A core topic beside space engineering and satellite applications engineering is satellite and remote sensing data analysis. This paper explains the background and goals of the Masters's study programme, addresses the target groups and qualification profile, and gives an overview about the specialization fields. The special role of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing is further explained in this context. The structure and embedding of international alliances by a double degree program with Wuhan University is shown.

The Study of Grain Boundaries in Ag-Sheathed Bscco Tapes by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 796-797
Author(s):  
K. Kishida ◽  
Y. Pan ◽  
N.D. Browning
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Critical Current ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Commercial Applications

Highly textured (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10(Bi-2223)/Ag composite tapes have received considerable attention as high-Tc superconducting materials for electric power and high-magnetic-field applications because of their relatively high-critical current densities and their flexibility. In order to improve the performance of these tapes for many commercial applications, it is essential that the mechanisms that limit the critical current density are fully understood. Previous microscopical studies of these tapes have revealed that interfaces such as grain boundaries strongly influence the transport of large currents1. From a morphological point of view, several models have been proposed to describe potential current transport mechanisms. However, as these models consider mainly the large-scale configuration of the boundaries, the underlying mechanism controlling the properties is still unclear. In order to elucidate the exact role of grain boundaries, systematical studies on the effect of the atomic structure as well as any chemistry change that occurs at the interface are required.

The Role of “Allowable Flux Density” in the Design and Operation of Molten-Salt Solar Central Receivers

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorin L. Vant-Hull
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
The North ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Computer Codes ◽  
Commercial Applications

Abstract In the 1980’s, the Utility Study [Hilesland and Harder, 1988] identified the external cylindrical molten-salt-in-tube receiver with a surround heliostat field as the most cost effective and practical design for commercial applications. Such designs typically require 50–1000 MW of design-point thermal power at outlet temperatures around 1050 °F (565 °C). Using computer codes such as RCELL [Lipps and Vant-Hull, 1981] or DELSOL [Kistler, 1987] it is straightforward to design an optical system to meet these requirements, defining the smallest receiver (lower cost and thermal losses) and the most cost effective heliostat field. As the performance of heliostats in the anti-sun locations is better, such fields tend to be biased (in the northern hemisphere) to the north side of the receiver, and produce very high flux densities there; typically 2–5 MW/m2. However, the receiver is typicaly limited to a salt velocity and temperature dependent allowable flux density (AFD) of about 1 MW/m2. Design methods to reduce this peak flux to a nominally acceptable value in a cost effective manner are presented. Residual excess flux events under non-nominal conditions are handled by a real-time processor which selects specific heliostats for removal from track. This same processor is used to preheat the receiver, using a special algorithm to define the required flux density.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Behaviour of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Surface Activation of Polymeric Fibres

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tayyab Noman ◽  
Nesrine Amor ◽  
Michal Petru ◽  
Aamir Mahmood ◽  
Pavel Kejzlar
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Surface Activation ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Elemental Detection ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

Zinc oxide (ZnO) in various nano forms (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosheets, nanowires and nanoflowers) has received remarkable attention worldwide for its functional diversity in different fields i.e., paints, cosmetics, coatings, rubber and composites. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of photocatalytic activity (role of photogenerated radical scavengers) of nano ZnO (nZnO) for the surface activation of polymeric natural fibres especially cotton and their combined effect in photocatalytic applications. Photocatalytic behaviour is a crucial property that enables nZnO as a potential and competitive candidate for commercial applications. The confirmed features of nZnO were characterised by different analytical tools, i.e., scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission SEM (FESEM) and elemental detection spectroscopy (EDX). These techniques confirm the size, morphology, structure, crystallinity, shape and dimensions of nZnO. The morphology and size play a crucial role in surface activation of polymeric fibres. In addition, synthesis methods, variables and some of the critical aspects of nZnO that significantly affect the photocatalytic activity are also discussed in detail. This paper delineates a vivid picture to new comers about the significance of nZnO in photocatalytic applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document