scholarly journals Product Upgrade of Waelz Oxide Using an Alternative Resource

Author(s):  
Gernot Rösler ◽  
Jürgen Antrekowitsch
2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 705-710
Author(s):  
A.G. Ryazanov ◽  
A.V. Senin ◽  
V.D. Nasonov

Waelz-oxide is a raw material for the production of metallic zinc. Waelz-oxide contains impurities of zinc and lead chlorides and fluorides. Halides have a negative effect on the process of zinc electrolysis. Halides have a relatively low boiling point; therefore, they are removed into the gas phase by calcining Waelz-oxide at 800–850 °С. To intensify the process, calcination is sometimes carried out at elevated temperatures of 1100–1250 °С. However, an increase in temperature leads to partial melting and granulation of the calcined product. In the present work, the chemical and phase composition of the initial and calcined Waelz-oxide was studied. Thermodynamic modeling of phase and chemical transformations of Waelz-oxide components during heating has been performed. Experiments on calcination of Waelz-oxide in laboratory conditions at temperatures of 600–1250 °C were carried out. It was found that partial melting and granulation of Waelz-oxide is the result of the formation of fusible eutectics containing lead oxide. Lead oxide is formed as a result of decomposition of lead sulfate when heated above 1100 °C. A similar effect is not observed at a standard calcination temperature of 850 °C.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choon-Lee Chai ◽  
Kayla Ueland ◽  
Tabitha Phiri

In this research, the challenges of using human capital and the effectiveness of social capital as an alternative resource used by immigrant women from non-English-speaking countries living in Central Alberta for them to attain economic security are studied. Evidence indicates heavy use of bonding social capital by immigrant women—primarily through family, ethnic, and religious networks—as a “survival” resource at the initial stage of settlement. The bonding social capital is relatively easy to access; nevertheless, in the case of visible minority immigrant women living in Central Alberta, bonding social capital has limited capacity in helping them to obtain economic security because their family and friends themselves often lack economic resources. As a result, these immigrant women are expected to compete in the labor market using their human capital to obtain higher-paying jobs. The challenge among immigrant women remains in seeking recognition of non-Canadian credentials, and/or successful acquisition and deployment of Canadian credentials in the primary labor market.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-462
Author(s):  
José Alexandre Altahyde Hage

Este artigo apresenta a análise como a energia foi historicamente controlada pelas classes sociais mais bem posicionadas politicamente e, na atualidade, pelos Estados industrializados. No aspecto conceitual, o artigo adota duas correntes teóricas de relações Internacionais de modo complementar: o marxismo aplicado às relações internacionais e o realismo (política do poder) e seus componentes mais modernos. O objetivo do texto é demonstrar que em algumas épocas as classes dominantes foram aquelas que controlaram recursos energéticos. No campo das relações internacionais há possível analogia ao verificar que grandes potências são os Estados que conseguem cadenciar fluxos de energia. Por fim, o artigo tenciona analisar em que condições países em desenvolvimento, como Brasil, conseguem alterar o sistema internacional por meio dos combustíveis renováveis, como o álcool combustível.  ABSTRACTThis article aims to analyze how energy resources are historically controlled by social classes in the higher political echelons and by industrialized States abroad. As concepts, the article embraces two complementary trends of thoughts: Marxism applied to international relations and Realism (power politics) with its most modern components. The goal of this paper is to show that in some moments, the ruling social classes were the ones over the energy resources. In the international relations sphere, there is a possible analogy in which we attest that the great powers are the States that can regulate the energy resources flow. To conclude, the paper aims to analyze in which conditions developing countries, Brazil, play a part in the international system with renewable fuels, such as ethanol. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Zulkhibri Baharom ◽  
Maizlinda Izwana Idris ◽  
Tee Chuan Lee ◽  
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah

Microencapsulation of natural vegetable oil as a self-healing agent on metal coating became demanded lately. This paper underlines the microcapsule containing natural and wastes sunflower oil as a self-healing agent that was fabricated for the backbone of corrosion coatings. The results in this paper indicated the distinguished potential of waste sunflower oil as compared to natural sunflower oil. The diameter of microcapsules synthesized from natural sunflower oil and waste sunflower oil both in range of 3-4 µm. The shell of microcapsules microencapsulated from natural sunflower oil showed rough micro-structure while the shell of microcapsules microencapsulated from waste sunflower oil showed smooth micro-structure. The main parameter studied in this research was the varient of stirring speed during the process of microencapsulation. The involvement of stirring speed starts from 200 to 400 rpm. The microcapsules undergo varient of stirring speed analyzed on the yield and core content of microcapsules. The microcapsules from natural produced 29-50% while waste resources bring 26-48% of yield productions. The core content of microencapsulated natural sunflower oil generates 55-64% core content as comparing with waste sources which produce 56-67% of core content. It can be concluded that it was proved that sunflower oil could be considered as an alternative resource for self-healing agent in metal coating either encapsulated from natural or waste raw materials. The incorporation of green and natural material as a self-healing agent significantly influences the sustaining the environment to the safest stage.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Xing Dai ◽  
Wen-Xing Li ◽  
Fei-Fei Han ◽  
Yi-Cheng Guo ◽  
Jun-Juan Zheng ◽  
...  

Abstract There is a constant demand to develop new, effective, and affordable anti-cancer drugs. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a valuable and alternative resource for identifying novel anti-cancer agents. In this study, we aim to identify the anti-cancer compounds and plants from the TCM database by using cheminformatics. We first predicted 5278 anti-cancer compounds from TCM database. The top 346 compounds were highly potent active in the 60 cell lines test. Similarity analysis revealed that 75% of the 5278 compounds are highly similar to the approved anti-cancer drugs. Based on the predicted anti-cancer compounds, we identified 57 anti-cancer plants by activity enrichment. The identified plants are widely distributed in 46 genera and 28 families, which broadens the scope of the anti-cancer drug screening. Finally, we constructed a network of predicted anti-cancer plants and approved drugs based on the above results. The network highlighted the supportive role of the predicted plant in the development of anti-cancer drug and suggested different molecular anti-cancer mechanisms of the plants. Our study suggests that the predicted compounds and plants from TCM database offer an attractive starting point and a broader scope to mine for potential anti-cancer agents.


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