Potensi Maggot (Black Soldier Fly) sebagai Pakan Ternak di Desa Miri Kecamatan Kismantoro Wonogiri

<p><em><strong>Potential of Maggot (Black Soldier Fly) as Animal Feed in Miri Village Kismantoro Wonogiri.</strong> </em>Cultivation of chicken and catfish was a field of business that was mostly carried out by residents of Miri Village, Kismantoro District, Wonogiri Regency. The high component of feed costs results in low profits. So far, farmers still rely on pellets as the main feed for their livestock. Alternative feeds in the form of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae or maggot were well known to residents, but only a few residents had ever used maggot as feed. Residents had never received education and training on maggot cultivation. This activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of Miri Village residents in maggot cultivation, the dependence of farmers on artificial feed can be reduced and replaced with feed from maggot cultivation. Activities carried out in the service consist of socialization and training on maggot cultivation. The socialization was in the form of exposure to the benefits and propagation of maggots, while the training materials were the practice of catching eggs, maintaining maggots, and harvesting maggots. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge regarding maggot cultivation by 21.32%. The participants also showed interest in carrying out practical activities. The benefits of BSF cultivation include reducing household waste, producing maggots as animal feed, and producing organic fertilizer.</p>

Xylanases in diets with alternative feeds and energy reduction in commercial layers

The use of alternative ingredients has been increasing in a continuing attempt to reduce production costs, along with the use of additives, such as carbohydrases, for their possible positive effects on nutrient metabolization by layers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different xylanases in diets with reduced metabolizable energy (ME) and the inclusion of alternative ingredients on the metabolizability of nutrients in diets for commercial laying hens, by conducting two metabolism tests. In the first trial,100 layers hens were distributed in a fully randomized 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design (two metabolizable energy reductions × two xylanases, plus one control diet). In the second assay,140 layer hens were distributed in a fully randomized 2 × 3 + 2 factor design (two xylanases× three ingredients, plus two control diets, positive and negative). It was concluded that supplementation with pantanal xylanase improved the metabolizability of nutrients in corn-based diets and soybean meal for light commercial layers, allowing for a reduction of up to 200 kcal/kg of ME in the diets. Xylanases are more effective on wheat bran enabling a decrease of 150 kcal/kg of ME in commercial laying diets without affecting nutrient metabolizability. The action of pantanal xylanase in diets containing fibrous ingredients was similar to that of commercial xylanase.

Use of Byproduct Feeds in Southeastern Beef Production Systems

Byproducts are an important component of many beef production systems in the southeast. A variety of byproducts are used as supplemental nutrition for pastured cattle, and a byproduct-based total mixed ration is commonly used in backgrounding enterprises. Byproducts of corn (wet and dry milling), soybean, cotton, peanuts, rice, citrus, brewing and vegetable processing are widely available. Regional availability will determine what optimal byproducts will be for a given area. The value of an alternative feed for beef cattle is commonly determined based on the TDN and CP levels relative to corn and soybean meal (the Peterson Method). This simple approach allows the user to calculate a $ per ton value at a given corn and soybean meal price, but may result in misleading information. Research comparing alternative feeds to the standard often find that a “realized value” is different than the calculated value. Intake may be stimulated or depressed by a given ingredient. Hidden costs including handling and shrinkage are often a problem for wet materials. Sometimes dramatic side effects occur despite a high calculated value for the feed. For example, fermented sweet potato cannery waste has a very high nutritive value that is realized when fed at low levels in a total mixed ration. However, when fed free-choice, it may cause severe dental erosion resulting in reduced gains in yearlings and early tooth loss in cows. Culled cured sweet potatoes coming from cold storage have a high calculated value yet can cause death in cows because of a lung toxin. There is actually a limited amount of research published with byproducts in southern beef production systems. Due to diversity of forage-base and wide variety of ingredients with potential associative effects, more research is needed to fully understand how byproducts are best utilized.

Amino Acids in Prospective Feeds for Fish Aquaculture: a Review of Experimental Data

Total dependence of aquaculture on imports of feeds can significantly compromise Russia’s food supply security; hence the task of designing new domestic feeds is of primary importance. A major challenge of world aquaculture is providing fish with a balanced diet, in particular, with a well-balanced composition of amino acids. In this review, we analyze international publications on the composition of amino acids in fish feed over the last two years. We summarize the data on the amino acid composition of prospective food sources for fish aquaculture: agricultural crops, insects, annelids, higher crustaceans, animal waste, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes, and microorganisms. We performed a comparative analysis of the composition of amino acids in promising aquafeed sources and fish flour traditionally used for fish feeding. Based on the results, we conclude that each of the examined food sources can be used as a component of fish nutrition and offers realistic prospects for production of alternative feeds. To ensure high quality of fish aquaculture products, the priority should be given to development of technologies which allow to control amino acid feed composition during the production process with respect to fish species-specific needs. It is hoped that this review will be useful to researchers and practitioners involved in designing and producing new domestic aquafeed for fish

A comparative study on the nutritional value of three Polychaete species used in Shrimp Aquaculture

The potential use of polychaete worms are as a dietary source of protein, lipid, amino acids, and vitamins for aquaculture species and also used for alternative feeds of fish meal and fish oils. Many recent studies have been documented the nutritional benefits of polychaetes for aquaculture species, for their satisfactory food intake and reproductive performance in brood stock.Most of the polychaetes were used in hatcheries are wild caught. The commercial harvesting of polychaetes may leads to the disturbance in the benthic community and the ecosystem and also may leads to the depleting population in the ecosystem. Further the development of polychaete culture is therefore of economic importance beyond that the associated bait supply industry which is acted as the initial catalyst for this development. Hence, the present study has been made with three different polychaete species, to assess the nutritional value of the three species, one from imported (Nereis virens) and two locally available species (Perenereis cultrifera and Glycera sp) for commercial uses of the shrimp aquaculture industry.Key words : Polychaete worms, Perenereis species, fatty acids. amino acids, Minerals.

The effect of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on different basal feeds for hybrid duck performance

The aimed of this research was to determine effect of Supplementation of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on different basal feeds for hybrid duck performance. This research was conducted by in vivo method with 120 MA (Mojosari x Alabio) of hybrid ducks type. The method was being used in this research include 4 treatments and 6 repetitions with 5 ducks each repetition. The treatment consisteds of P1 = Commercial feed 100 %, P2 = Alternative feed 100 %, P3 = Commercial Feed 90 % + supplementation of fresh alfalfa 10 % and P4 = Alternative feed 90 % + supplementation of fresh alfalfa 10 %. Feed and water was offered Ad libitum. The Observed variables were feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The data was analyzed by the Program of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) analyzed was implanted for significant differences data. The results showed that 10 % alfalfa supplementation in commercial feeds and alternative feeds have significant lower/higher (P <0.05) value of feed consumption, weight gain and FCR value. Based on these results it can be concluded that commercial feed without alfalfa supplementation was the most optimal treatment of other treatment feeds for hybrid duck performance.