Facilitating Osteogenesis of Chitosan with Autogenous Bone Marrow (experimental Study on Rabbits)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Hawar Asaad Zebari ◽  
Hareth H. Kaskos
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Bone Density Measurement ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measurement Results

Bone quality is the result of a complex relationship between the intrinsic properties of the materials that comprise the bone matrix mineralization, bone mass and the spatial distribution of the bone mass. Chitosan has been shown to be suitable bone replacement material. To evaluate the accelerating effect of chitosan on the bone regeneration process and assessing by CT Scan were conduct this study. Several important biological effect of chitosan has been characterized, these are high osteoinductivity, osteointegrability and gradual biodegrability that make it a good candidate for bone regeneration. Materials and Methods: 20 rabbits of both sex were enrolled in this study, two monocortical defects were created on Mandible, one considered as control and the other implanted with chitosan, other two monocortical defects were created on Tibia on the same animal. Post-operative follow up date 7,14,21and 28 Days. C.T. scan was used as parameter for bone density measurement. Results: showed that non- significant difference at Day7 and14 in Mandible and significant at Day21 and 28 compared to control, While non-significant at Day 7 in Tibia and significant at 14 and 21 post-operatively with highly significant at Day28 compared to control. Conclusion: Chitosan has ability to osteogenesis when it is used alone and the process of osteogenesis was facilitating when it is mixed with Bone marrow.

scholarly journals Facilitating Osteogensis of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate And Biodentine by Autogenous Bone Marrow. (experimental Study on Rabbit)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Hareth Kaskos
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Bony Defect ◽  
Bone Density Measurement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hard Tissues

Maxillofacial surgery employs several surgical procedures in soft and hard tissues. When hard tissues are involved, for instance, periapical surgery, cyst enucleation, tumor resection, preprosthetic surgery, when the large bony defect remaining intact it is necessary to replace by bone grafting. An in vivo and vitro studies has also shown that Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and biodentine promotes both dental and bony regeneration in pulp and periradicular tissues and both have excellent biocompatibility. Materials and Methods: 20 rabbits of both sexes were enrolled in this study, three monocortical defects were created on Mandible, one considered as control and the others implanted with MTA and biodentine, on tibia, three monocortical defects were created on the same animal. Post-operative follow up date 7,14,21and 28 Days. C.T. scan was used as parameter for bone density measurement. Results: showed that non-significant difference at Day7 and14 in Mandible and significant at Day21 and 28 compared to control, While nonsignificant at Day 7 in Tibia and significant at 14 and21 post-operatively with highly significant at Day28 compared to control. Conclusion: MTA and biodentine have effect on process of osteogenesis and will facilitating when it implanted with Bone marrow.

scholarly journals Histopathological and Radiographical Evaluation of Caprine Demineralized Bone Matrix in a Critical Ulnar Defect in a Rabbit Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olawale Alimi Alimi ◽  
Adamu Abdul Abuabakar ◽  
Abubakar Sadiq Yakubu ◽  
Sani Abdullahi Shehu ◽  
Salman Zubairu Abdulkadir
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Defect Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Demineralized Bone

Abstract Background: Caprine species satisfy the conditions of an ideal donor animal when compared to bovine species that has been extensively studied and commercialized for bone xenograft. Histopathological and radiological evaluations of caprine demineralized bone matrix (CDBM) were therefore carried out for fracture healing properties for its possible use in bone grafting procedures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rabbits were used for this study and were divided randomly into three groups of eight (n=8) rabbits each. Critical bone defect was created on the ulnar diaphysis under xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia for autogenous bone graft (ABG) group, CDBM group and the last group was left unfilled as negative control (NC). Immediate post-grafting radiograph was taken and repeated on days 14, 28, 42 and 56 to monitor the evidence of radiographic healing. The animals were euthanized on day 56 and defect sites were harvested for histopathology. Results: There was a progressive evidence of radiographic healing and bone formation in all the groups with significance difference (P=0.0064). When compared with ABG, NC differ significantly (P<0.0001) whereas the CDBM did not differ significantly (P=0.6765). The histopathology sections of ABG and CDBM showed normal bone tissue while the NC section was predominated by fibrous connective tissue. There was therefore an overall significant difference (P=0.0001) in which CDBM did not differ from ABG (P=0.2946) while NC did (P=0.0005). Conclusion: The ABG and CDBM groups showed a similar healing effect in the critical bone defect. Therefore, CDBM could be used as an effective alternative to ABG in orthopaedics to circumvent the limitations and complications associated with it. Level of Evidence: Not applicable.

Demineralized bone matrix-based microcarrier scaffold favors vascularized large bone regeneration in vivo in a rat model

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiannan Li ◽  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Guangdong Zhou ◽  
Yilin Cao ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Matrix Group ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Demineralized Bone

Insufficient neo-vascularization of in vivo implanted cell-seeded scaffold remains a major bottleneck for clinical translation of engineered bone formation. Demineralized bone matrix is an ideal bone scaffold for bone engineering due to its structural and biochemical components similar to those of native bone. We hypothesized that the microcarrier form of demineralized bone matrix favors ingrowth of vessels and bone regeneration upon in vivo implantation. In this study, a rat model of femoral vessel pedicle-based bone engineering was employed by filling the demineralized bone matrix scaffolds inside a silicone chamber that surrounded the vessel pedicles, and to compare the efficiency of vascularized bone regeneration between microcarrier demineralized bone matrix and block demineralized bone matrix. The results showed that bone marrow stem cells better adhered to microcarrier demineralized bone matrix and produced more extracellular matrices during in vitro culture. After in vivo implantation, microcarrier demineralized bone matrix seeded with bone marrow stem cells formed relatively more bone tissue than block demineralized bone matrix counterpart at three months upon histological examination. Furthermore, micro-computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction showed that microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group regenerate significantly better and more bone tissues than block demineralized bone matrix both qualitatively and quantitatively (p < 0.05). Moreover, micro-computed tomography reconstructed angiographic images also demonstrated significantly enhanced tissue vascularization in microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group than in block demineralized bone matrix group both qualitatively and quantitatively (p < 0.05). Anti-CD31 immunohistochemical staining of (micro-) vessels and semi-quantitative analysis also evidenced enhanced vascularization of regenerated bone in microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group than in block demineralized bone matrix group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the microcarrier form of demineralized bone matrix is an ideal bone regenerative scaffold due to its advantages of osteoinductivity and vascular induction, two essentials for in vivo bone regeneration.

Increased bone mass and bone matrix mineralization in schnurri-3 null mice

Bone ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. S249
Author(s):  
J.G. Hofstaetter ◽  
P. Roschger ◽  
D.C. Jones ◽  
R. Zoehrer ◽  
J. Seto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Bone Matrix Mineralization

scholarly journals Off-label use of rhBMP-2 as bone regeneration strategies in mandibular ameloblastoma unicystic

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Celestino Lima e Silva ◽  
Adonai Peixoto Cheim Junior ◽  
Roberto Moreno ◽  
Sérgio Luis de Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Unicystic Ameloblastoma ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT Jawbone reconstruction after tumor resection is one of the most challenging clinical tasks for maxillofacial surgeons. Osteogenic, osteoinductive, osteoconductive and non-antigenic properties of autogenous bone place this bone as the gold standard for solving problems of bone availability. However, the need for a second surgical site to harvest the bone graft increases significantly both the cost and the morbidity associated with the reconstructive procedures. Bone grafting gained an important tool with the discovery of bone morphogenetic proteins in 1960. Benefit of obtaining functional and real bone matrix without need of second surgical site seems to be the great advantage of use bone morphogenetic proteins. This study analyzed the use of rhBMP-2 in unicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible, detailing its structure, mechanisms of cell signaling and biological efficacy, in addition to present possible advantages and disadvantages of clinical use of rhBMP-2 as bone regeneration strategy.

Osteogenic Potential of Estriol-Treated Cultured Bone - In Vitro and In Vivo -

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 651-654
Author(s):  
Jin Iida ◽  
Takafumi Yoshikawa ◽  
Kazuhide Miyazaki ◽  
Noriko Okumura ◽  
Yoshinori Takakura
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osseous Tissue ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Artificial Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Marrow Cells

Osseous tissue can be formed by culturing marrow cells with compounds such as dexamethasone and that a bone matrix cultured in this manner possesses BMP activity. We have reported that artificial bones with a high level of osteogenic potential can be prepared by culturing artificial bone materials with cultured osseous tissue. Here, in an attempt to develop activated cultured bone constructs with even greater osteogenic potential, the effects of the female hormone estriol on osteogenesis were investigated. Bone marrow cells were collected from the femur shafts of 7-week-old male Fischer rats, and subjected to primary and secondary cultures. During secondary culture with or without dexamethasone (Dx), 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8 or 10-9 M of estriol was added to a standard culture medium containing ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphosphate. The alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and Ca levels were measured and statistically analyzed. There was a significant difference in ALP activity between the control group and the estriol groups, and ALP activity was the highest in the 10-7 and 10-8 M groups, being about 2.5 times higher than in the control group. Similar results were seen for Ca levels. Furthermore, in vivo study showed10-7M-estriol-treated-cultured bone/ceramic construct has significant high osteogenic potential when it is grafted into in vivo. Estriol has been reported to increase bone mass, and the results of the present study suggest that the osteogenic potential of cultured bone constructs can be more than doubled by adjusting the concentration of estriol in bone marrow cell culture. Therefore, the use of estriol may be able to facilitate osteogenesis in bone regeneration therapy.

scholarly journals Diabetic osteopathy

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Ilic ◽  
Branka Kovacev
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Bone Density Measurement

Introduction. The aim of this study was to point out some dilemmas about the existence and pathogenesis of primary diabetic osteopathy as a separate entity, based on currently available studies. Expert disagreements are present not only about the occurrence of generalized osteopathy with diabetic disease, but also about direct relationship between metabolic diabetes control and bone metabolism and influence of disease duration and sex on bone changes. Pathogenesis of diabetic osteopathy Decreased bone formation is the basic mechanism leading to decreased bone mass. Biochemical markers showed no clear connection with bone density measurement. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) affect bone metabolism. Osteopathy in patients with diabetic disease-type 1 Some clinical studies have shown that patients with diabetic disease-type 1 have a mild decrease in bone mass, while others have not presented such results. Osteopathy in patients with diabetic disease-type2 In patients with diabetic disease-type 2 the risk for osteopathy is even less defined. Patients treated with oral hypoglycemics present with higher decrease of bone mass has than patients treated with insulin therapy. This could partly be explained by anabolic effects of insulin on bones. Bone fractures in patients with diabetic disease Literature data are contradictory concerning the occurrence of bone fractures in diabetic patients. A survey of bone fracture occurrence in diabetic patients was performed in "Veljko Vlahovic Medical Center" in Vrbas and it included a group of 100 patients with diabetic disease. The results show that 12 patients had some fractures: mostly females in postmenopause, aged and with secondary insulin-dependent diabetes and most frequently arm fractures. Considering contradictory literature data, further longitudinal studies are necessary. .

Multiple Myeloma Cell-Osteoblast Interaction Results in Impaired Bone Formation.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4764-4764
Author(s):  
Sonia Vallet ◽  
Teru Hideshima ◽  
Samantha Pozzi ◽  
Nileshwari Vaghela ◽  
Gaurav Gharti-Chhetri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Osteolytic Bone Disease

Abstract Osteolytic bone disease is a common complication of multiple myeloma (MM) resulting from uncoupled bone remodeling due to enhanced bone resorption and reduced bone formation. Bone formation is a complex process requiring functionally mature osteoblasts (OB). Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into mature OB and following an active period of bone matrix synthesis lasting 1–2 weeks, they finally differentiate into inactive bone-lining cells or osteocytes. Although several studies have demonstrated that MM cells inhibit osteoblastogenesis via secretion of DKK1, a Wnt-pathway antagonist, the functional sequelae of interaction of mature OB with MM cells remains to be elucidated. Here, we studied the morphological and functional consequences induced by MM cells interacting with mature OB. Mature OB were generated from MM patients’ bone marrow mononuclear cells by cultivation in differentiation media consisting of αMEM with 20% fetal bovine serum, β-glycerol phosphate (2.16 mg/ml), ascorbic acid (0.05 mg/ml) and dexamethasone (10 nM). These mature OBs were alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positive and secreted and mineralized bone matrix, as demonstrated by Alizarin Red staining. MM cell lines INA6 and MM1.S were co-cultured with mature OB at a 5:1 ratio for 2, 4 and 7 days in OB differentiation media and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were used as negative controls. After 4 days of co-culture, we observed phenotypic changes featured by acquisition of a spindle-like shape with reduced ALP staining in OB. In contrast, OB alone were intensely ALP-positive and cuboidal-shaped cells. Co-culture with INA-6 MM cells induced a reduction in ALP enzymatic activity in a time-dependent manner by 28% (± 10%) at day 2 and 72% (± 5%) at day 4 (p<0.05), respectively, whereas co-culture with MM1.S induced a 38% (± 5%) reduction after 4 days. Other MM cell lines induced similar effects. We then verified OB activity by assessing osteocalcin release and matrix mineralization. Importantly, osteocalcin secretion was completely abrogated in the presence of INA6, while MM1.S reduced it by 50% as early as day 2 (p<0.05). Moreover, Alizarin red staining demonstrated an impairment of matrix mineralization after 7 days of co-culture. Reduced OB function in the presence of MM cells was further confirmed by downregulation of Type-I collagen expression in OB. These effects were associated with only modest (10%) OB apoptosis as demonstrated by APO2.7 staining after 4 days of co-culture compared to OB alone. These phenotypic and functional sequelae on OB were not induced by co-culture supernatants, suggesting the requirement for direct MM cell/OB contact. These results therefore suggest that MM cell/mature OB interactions result in inhibition of bone formation by inactivation of mature OB. Ongoing studies are characterizing the mechanism by which MM cells induce OB inactivation and whether these changes affect the OC compartment. These studies of MM cell-OB interactions will form the basis for evaluation of novel agents with anabolic effects on the bone in the future.

Effects of Autogenous Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate on Radiographic Integration of Femoral Condylar Osteochondral Allografts

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2797-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasun O. Oladeji ◽  
James P. Stannard ◽  
Cristi R. Cook ◽  
Mauricio Kfuri ◽  
Brett D. Crist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspirate ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Integration ◽  
Articular Cartilage Lesions ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Osteochondral Allografts

Background: Transplantation of fresh osteochondral allografts (OCAs) is an attractive treatment option for symptomatic articular cartilage lesions in young, healthy patients. Because the lack of OCA bone integration can be a cause of treatment failure, methods for speeding and enhancing OCA bone integration to mitigate this potential complication are highly desirable. Purpose: To determine if autogenous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC) treatment of large femoral condylar OCAs would be associated with superior radiographic OCA bone integration compared with nontreated allografts during the critical first 6 months after surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A review of patients enrolled in a prospective registry who were treated with transplantation of large OCAs to one or both femoral condyles at our institution from March 12, 2013 to March 14, 2016 was performed. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on BMC treatment versus no BMC treatment; the treatment was nonrandomized and was rooted in a shift in practice and a continuing effort to optimize OCA transplantation at our institution. Patients were excluded if they did not have orthogonal view radiographs performed at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Each condyle undergoing OCA transplantation was assessed individually by an independent musculoskeletal radiologist, who was blinded to the treatment group and time point. OCAs were assessed with respect to graft integration (0%-100%; 0 = no integration, 100 = complete integration) and degree of sclerosis (0-3; 0 = normal, 1 = mild sclerosis, 2 = moderate sclerosis, and 3 = severe sclerosis) of the graft at each time point. Results: This study identified 17 condyles in 15 patients who underwent OCA transplantation without BMC and 29 condyles in 22 patients who underwent OCA transplantation with BMC. The BMC group had significantly ( P = .033) higher graft integration scores at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Graft sclerosis was significantly ( P = .017) less in the BMC group at 6 weeks and 3 months, with no significant difference at 6 months after surgery. When combining the groups to examine the influence of smoking on graft integration, nonsmokers had significantly ( P = .007) higher graft integration scores at 6 months. Conclusion: Large femoral condylar OCAs treated with autogenous BMC before implantation showed superior radiographic integration to bone and less sclerosis during the initial 6-month postoperative period. BMC treatment of OCAs may mitigate the failure of OCA bone healing.

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