scholarly journals The Declining Work Week

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hall
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
The Past ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Weak Growth ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Household Labour

Over the past five years average hours per worker, as recorded in the Household Labour Force Survey, have trended downwards. According to the frequently used measure of average hours per worker, total hours divided by total employment, people are now working 5% fewer hours than they were in 2004. This has contributed to weak growth in labour input over recent years. This paper uses data from the Household Labour Force Survey to examine what is behind the recent fall in hours worked per worker. It attempts to answer whether the fall has been due to compositional changes, such as population ageing and increased participation of women, or whether people are just working fewer hours than they used to. This paper estimates that up to 40% of the fall in average hours over the past five years is due to increased annual leave entitlements, while compositional changes are estimated to account for around 11%. The remainder of the fall in average hours appears to be due to a decline in hours worked within jobs. Fewer people working long hours and firms hoarding labour over the recent downturn are identified as two of the key explanations for this.

scholarly journals Self-Employment and Labour Market Transitions in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Shao ◽  
Mallika Kelkar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Market Transitions ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Market Transitions

Self-employment in New Zealand has been trending up in the past two years, following subdued growth between 2000 and 2010. Self-employed people made up 11.3% of total employed in the year to March 2012 (251,800 workers), compared with 10.1% in the year to March 2010. Self-employment is defined in this paper as those people operating their own business without employees. The paper explores time series trends in self-employment, in particular across three post-recession periods. Characteristics of self-employed workers are also identified. This paper also investigates movements in and out of self-employment in order to understand the recent growth in this type of employment. The analysis uses longitudinal Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) data. The HLFS provides official measures of a range of labour market indicators, including the number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force.

scholarly journals Province-wise Growth Patterns in Human Capital Accumulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sabir ◽  
Zehra Aftab
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Data

It is apparent from various labour force surveys that during the past 20 years Pakistan’s employed labour force has become more “educated”. For instance, according to the Labour Force Survey 1982-83, 28 percent of the employed labour force had attained formal education.12 In comparison, the literate employed labour force in 1999- 2000 is estimated at 46 percent, while the formally educated is 43 percent. However, the pattern of growth in educated labour force is not uniform in all four provinces of the country. A closer look at disaggregated provincial level data reflects the disparity in employed labour force in the four provinces: Punjab, Sind, NWFP, and Baluchistan.

scholarly journals Labour force participation in New Zealand: Tecent trends, future scenarios and the impact on economic growth.

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paterson ◽  
Simon Brown
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines labour force participation trends in New Zealand, how we compare to the rest of the OECD and how participation and economic growth might be affected in the future by population ageing. Participation has risen significantly over the past 20 years despite an increase in the average age of the working­age population. We have looked at how participation has changed by age, gender and ethnicity. By contrast, average hours worked has declined over the past 20 years and we consider the reasons for that. Population ageing means the recent growth seen in labour force participation is likely to come to an end, with the participation rate projected to decline over the medium term. Falling participation will have a dampening effect on economic growth. We have investigated the impact of declining participation on gross domestic product using official labour force projections and identified a range of scenarios for what participation might look like in the year 2029. In each scenario, we discuss the impact on economic growth. Most other OECD countries are in a similar situation to us with respect to population ageing. We have looked at the latest Australian projections for economic growth in the long term and the increased growth in New Zealand’s productivity that would be necessary to begin to close the gap on Australia.

scholarly journals New Zealand Income Survey and Other Sources of Income Data From Statistics New Zealand

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Archibald
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Larger Sample

Many social scientists are familiar with the Household Economic Survey as a source of income data. However it is not the only source. The NZ Income Survey is run annually as a supplement to the June quarter Household Labour Force Survey. It provides a rich set of income data based on a much larger sample size. In this paper I will discuss the NZ Income Survey and compare it to some of the other SNZ sources of income data.

scholarly journals Identifying Syrian refugees in Turkish microdata

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Pinedo-Caro
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Post Stratification

AbstractThis article proposes a strategy to identify Syrian refugees in Turkey’s Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS). Even though Turkey’s HLFS contains information on the migrants’ year of arrival to Turkey, it does not provide details on their nationalities. This unfortunate feature mixes Syrian refugees with the standard flow of migration who arrived to Turkey during the Syrian war. I propose to eliminate the standard flow of migrants arrived between 2011 and 2017 by matching them (based on their characteristics) with the migrants arrived in the 2004–2010 period. This method obtains, indirectly, nonstandard migration, i.e., Syrian refugees. The results show that the age distribution of the nonstandard migrants identified matches the age distribution of Syrian refugees as officially released by the Turkish government. At last, I propose a post-stratification adjustment of the survey weights to find the actual geographical distribution of Syrian refugees in Turkey.

scholarly journals Exploring Occupational Mobility

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Spier
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
One Year ◽  
Skill Shortages

This paper describes the results from an exploratory study examining whether Household Labour Force Survey panel data could be used to provide some insights into the level of occupational mobility in New Zealand. Identifying the extent to which people are leaving the occupation for which they have trained can improve our understanding of the contribution of occupational mobility to skill shortages. Overall, it was found that 7% of individuals in the sample appeared to change occupation over the course of a one year period. The groups that were found to be most likely to change occupations were young people and unskilled workers.

scholarly journals Bios, mythoi and women entrepreneurs: A Wynterian analysis of the intersectional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed women and women-owned businesses

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Martinez Dy ◽  
Dilani Jayawarna
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
And Gender

Decolonial philosopher Sylvia Wynter theorises the human animal as formed by both bios and mythoi, or matter and meaning. This article adopts this ontological perspective to explore the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on UK self-employed women and women-owned businesses through an intersectional lens accounting for race, class and gender. We argue that unequal health outcomes from COVID-19 are not solely biological; rather, they are also the outcome of social inequalities. Drawing upon the Wynterian elaboration of Fanon’s work on sociogeny – the shaping of the embodied human experience by the norms of given society – to explain this phenomenon, we contend that the same inequalities emerging in health outcomes will be reflected in entrepreneurship and self-employment. Drawing on Labour Force Survey data for the past decade, we peer through the Wynterian prism of bios and mythoi to argue that marginalised entrepreneurs are likely to experience extreme precarity due to COVID-19 and so require targeted support.

scholarly journals Labour Underutilisation in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Flynn ◽  
Andrea Fromm
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Unmet Demand ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a preliminary measure of labour underutilisation in New Zealand using data from the Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS). Underutilisation measures add value to the suite of labour market indicators already available from the HLFS. In particular, the underutilisation rate complements the unemployment rate by providing a broader picture of unmet demand for paid employment in New Zealand. The concept of underutilisation and the necessity to measure underutilisation is based on recommendations of an International Labour Organization (ILO) Working Group on Underutilisation made in 2008. The Working Group recommended that ‘... the statistical community should devote serious efforts to introduce, at a par with unemployment, a supplementary concept which measures the employment problem as experienced by individual workers.’ The development of underutilisation measures is also important to mirror changes in increasingly transitional labour markets and to enable analysis and evaluation of these changes.

scholarly journals Unemployment Duration: Evidence from the Household Labour Force Survey

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Grimmond
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Unemployment Duration ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Household Labour

Research on labour market dynamics in New Zealand has been limited mainly due to data limitations. The introduction of the quaterly Houshold Labour Force Survey (HLFS) in December 1985 has greatly increased information on the New Zealand labour market. In this study we propose to test for a relationship between unemployment duration and the ability for individuals to leave unemployment. For example, if the probability of leaving unemployment for a job declines that longer one has already been unemployed, then this could be taken as evidence in support of the Clark and Summers (1979) hypothesis that a concentrated group of persistently unemployed are a large proportion of unemployment. The evidence presented here supports this view, but doubt remains as no allowance is made for other influencing factors.

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