scholarly journals Bios, mythoi and women entrepreneurs: A Wynterian analysis of the intersectional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed women and women-owned businesses

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Martinez Dy ◽  
Dilani Jayawarna
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
And Gender

Decolonial philosopher Sylvia Wynter theorises the human animal as formed by both bios and mythoi, or matter and meaning. This article adopts this ontological perspective to explore the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on UK self-employed women and women-owned businesses through an intersectional lens accounting for race, class and gender. We argue that unequal health outcomes from COVID-19 are not solely biological; rather, they are also the outcome of social inequalities. Drawing upon the Wynterian elaboration of Fanon’s work on sociogeny – the shaping of the embodied human experience by the norms of given society – to explain this phenomenon, we contend that the same inequalities emerging in health outcomes will be reflected in entrepreneurship and self-employment. Drawing on Labour Force Survey data for the past decade, we peer through the Wynterian prism of bios and mythoi to argue that marginalised entrepreneurs are likely to experience extreme precarity due to COVID-19 and so require targeted support.

scholarly journals Self-Employment and Labour Market Transitions in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Shao ◽  
Mallika Kelkar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Market Transitions ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Market Transitions

Self-employment in New Zealand has been trending up in the past two years, following subdued growth between 2000 and 2010. Self-employed people made up 11.3% of total employed in the year to March 2012 (251,800 workers), compared with 10.1% in the year to March 2010. Self-employment is defined in this paper as those people operating their own business without employees. The paper explores time series trends in self-employment, in particular across three post-recession periods. Characteristics of self-employed workers are also identified. This paper also investigates movements in and out of self-employment in order to understand the recent growth in this type of employment. The analysis uses longitudinal Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) data. The HLFS provides official measures of a range of labour market indicators, including the number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force.

scholarly journals Self-employment as a stepping stone to better labor market matching: a comparison between immigrants and natives

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-501
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ulceluse
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
Labor Market Matching ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe paper investigates the relation between overeducation and self-employment, in a comparative analysis between immigrants and natives. Using the EU Labour Force Survey for the year 2012 and controlling for a list of demographic characteristics and general characteristics of 30 destination countries, it finds that the likelihood of being overeducated decreases for self-employed immigrants, with inconclusive results for self-employed natives. The results shed light on the extent to which immigrants adjust to labor market imperfections and barriers to employment and might help explain the higher incidence of self-employment that immigrants exhibit, when compared to natives. This is the first study to systematically study the nexus between overeducation and self-employment in a comparative framework. Moreover, the paper tests the robustness of the results by employing two different measures of overeducation, contributing to the literature of the measurement of overeducation.

scholarly journals Have British Jews fully assimilated in the UK Labour Market?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Nabil Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
The Uk

<p class="pagecontents"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper analyses the patterns of occupational attainment and earnings among the Jewish community in Britain using UK Labour Force Survey data (2002-2010). The findings suggest that although British-Jews cannot be distinguished from the majority main stream population of British-White in terms of their overall occupational attainment and earnings, it seems that they have managed to integrate through patterns of self-employment and concentration in the service sector economy, particularly in banking and financial services. It is argued that this self-employment profile is a Jewish strategy used to minimise dependency on majority group employers and by doing so to helping to escape any religious penalties.</span></p>

scholarly journals Job Quality and Gender Inequality: Key Changes in Québec over the Last Decade

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Cloutier ◽  
Paul Bernard ◽  
Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

Using a new typology based on information available from the Labour Force Survey, the authors analyse how job quality evolved in Québec for both women and men over the last decade (1997-2007). Results show that family situation and educational attainment are two important factors in the determination of gender inequality in the labour market. The analysis emphasizes the very significant decline in gender differences with regard to job quality (from 23% to 35% according to groups), especially for persons without children and individuals who achieved higher education. The changes represent a definite progress in the status of women in general, although some indicators also reveal degradation with respect to job quality in some of the sub-groups.  

scholarly journals Province-wise Growth Patterns in Human Capital Accumulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sabir ◽  
Zehra Aftab
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Data

It is apparent from various labour force surveys that during the past 20 years Pakistan’s employed labour force has become more “educated”. For instance, according to the Labour Force Survey 1982-83, 28 percent of the employed labour force had attained formal education.12 In comparison, the literate employed labour force in 1999- 2000 is estimated at 46 percent, while the formally educated is 43 percent. However, the pattern of growth in educated labour force is not uniform in all four provinces of the country. A closer look at disaggregated provincial level data reflects the disparity in employed labour force in the four provinces: Punjab, Sind, NWFP, and Baluchistan.

Health and Gender in Adolescence in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Barcelos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Gender And Health ◽  
And Gender

In the United States, gender and health in adolescence are sites of contestation and conflict marked by both hyperrepresentations and absences. Youth who are multiply marginalized by interlocking systems of racism, sexism, classism, heterosexism, cissexism, ableism, and so on are overrepresented in cultural and policy domains as “at risk” for negative health outcomes. At the same time, absences surrounding young people’s complex health needs and experiences abound in schools, healthcare settings, families, and the media. For instance, debates around sex education and teen pregnancy prevention have dominated the policy landscape for decades, with no signs of receding any time soon. Missing from these debates has been an analysis of how the intersections of race, class, gender, and sexuality structure the health outcomes and educational experiences of diverse youth. Likewise, queer, transgender, and gender-expansive youth are overrepresented in discussions about bullying to the detriment of the social structural factors that produce poor mental health outcomes. Understanding how gender and health play out in the lives of adolescents, as well as at the level of social institutions and structures, is central to teasing out the dynamics of gender, health, and social inequalities.

scholarly journals The Declining Work Week

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hall
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
The Past ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Weak Growth ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Household Labour

Over the past five years average hours per worker, as recorded in the Household Labour Force Survey, have trended downwards. According to the frequently used measure of average hours per worker, total hours divided by total employment, people are now working 5% fewer hours than they were in 2004. This has contributed to weak growth in labour input over recent years. This paper uses data from the Household Labour Force Survey to examine what is behind the recent fall in hours worked per worker. It attempts to answer whether the fall has been due to compositional changes, such as population ageing and increased participation of women, or whether people are just working fewer hours than they used to. This paper estimates that up to 40% of the fall in average hours over the past five years is due to increased annual leave entitlements, while compositional changes are estimated to account for around 11%. The remainder of the fall in average hours appears to be due to a decline in hours worked within jobs. Fewer people working long hours and firms hoarding labour over the recent downturn are identified as two of the key explanations for this.

Self-employment in Poland — definitional problems, the availability of data and their interpretation

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Lasocki ◽  
Małgorzata Skrzek-Lubasińska
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Definition Of

The article gives an overview of the definitions of „self-employment” and „self-employed” used both by the Polish and international institutions. Authors present a great ambiguity of the terms used. Due to the growing role of self-employment in the national economy authors postulate a modification of the classification of groups of self-employed and unification of concepts defining this category of work. A proposal for definition of self-employment was submitted for the purposes of Polish official statistics. The authors present the scale of self-employment in Poland in the fourth quarter of 2014 resulting from Polish labour force survey.

Determinants of immigrant self-employment in Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Begoña Cueto ◽  
Vanesa Rodríguez Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine immigrant self-employment in Spain. The study aims to determine the likelihood of immigrants being self-employed, the differences between Spaniards and immigrants in terms of self-employment and differences among immigrants from different regions of origin. Design/methodology/approach – Data from the Labour Force Survey for 2005-2011 are used for a descriptive analysis of self-employment. Logit regressions allow us to study the determinants of immigrant self-employment. Findings – Unlike research conducted in other countries, the rate of immigrant self-employment in Spain is lower than that of nationals, although differences exist according to the region of origin. Men and older individuals are more likely to be self-employed. Those with higher levels of education are also more likely to be self-employed – this may be attributable to the decreased availability of skilled positions for immigrants. Research limitations/implications – The sample size does not allow for differential analyses regarding the region of origin or the existence and influence of enclaves. Practical implications – Self-employment may be an opportunity for immigrants to improve their position in the labour market, especially in the case of highly skilled workers. Originality/value – In Spain, analyses of immigrant self-employment are rare and generally focus on case studies. However, this study covers the whole population within a highly specific economic situation.

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