scholarly journals The state, wage-fixing and labour market reform: some international perspectives

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Boston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores three main issues. First, it examines the changes which have occurred in the nature and scope of state intervention in pay fixing within the OECD during the past two decades. Second, it outlines the strategies which have been adopted recently by many western govern1nents to enhance wage flexibility and im.prove the operation of labour markets. Third, it critically assesses the merits of the Calmfors-Driffill thesis concerning the relationship between wage bargaining systems and macroeconomic performance. It is argued that there are good theoretical reasons as well as some strong empirical evidence to support the Calmfors-Driffill thesis, but that bargaining structures are only one of a multitude of factors which influence economic outcomes.

New forms of intra-European migration, labour market dynamics and social inequality in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Verwiebe ◽  
Laura Wiesböck ◽  
Roland Teitzer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Migration

This article deals mainly with new forms of Intra-European migration, processes of integration and inequality, and the dynamics of emerging transnational labour markets in Europe. We discuss these issues against the background of fundamental changes which have been taking place on the European continent over the past two decades. Drawing on available comparative European data, we examine, in a first step, whether the changes in intra-European migration patterns have been accompanied by a differentiation of the causes of migration. In a second step, we discuss the extent to which new forms of transnational labour markets have been emerging within Europe and their effects on systems of social stratification.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STOCK RETURN SKEWNESS AND BANK FEATURES

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850010
Author(s):  
SILVIA BRESSAN ◽  
ALEX WEISSENSTEINER
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Stock Return ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Banks ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Forward Looking

This paper studies to what extent bank-specific characteristics relate to stock return skewness. The main finding is that stock return skewness decreases significantly in bank size, measured in terms of total assets, i.e stocks of large banks are less skewed than those of small banks. This result holds for backward-looking skewness computed using the past stock returns, as well as for forward-looking skewness extracted from stock options. We interpret the empirical evidence by arguing that bank size increases the likelihood to have severe losses, to the point that investors expect to be compensated by receiving higher expected returns.

scholarly journals (Mis)managing labour markets? The decline of the contemporary global labour market for British seafarers.

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ruggunan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
South African ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The State ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
British State

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the ways in which states are still significant actors in creating and shaping the nature and characteristics of global labour markets. My argument is demonstrated through an empirical case study of the global labour market for British seafarers. Problem Investigated: The last 30 years has witnessed a decimation of the number of employed British seafarers, particularly at lower rank levels, such as ratings. I contend that despite Britain's long and rich maritime history, the British state has not acted meaningfully to reverse the decline of British seafarers. The lack of meaningful action I contend is an attempt to crew British owned ships with cheaper seafaring labour from Asia, particularly south east Asia. In so doing the British state has contributed to the decline of a once thriving labour market. There has simultaneously been an upsurge in the employment of seafarers of other nationalities, and thus the creation of new labour markets in countries such as the Philippines. This paper is an attempt to understand some of the factors responsible for the decline of the British labour market for seafarers. Methodology and Approach: This paper is the outcome of a larger qualitative study undertaken for my doctoral thesis in industrial sociology which examined the transformation of the global labour market for South African, Filipino and British seafarers. The methodology consists of in depth interviews with maritime officials and trade union leaders. These were conducted in person in London, United Kingdom between 2005 and 2008. These interviews are supported by extensive literature and documentary research, to validate, support and test claims made by my interviewees. Implications and Value of the Research: The theoretical contribution of this paper is to reinsert the state more critically into the literature on labour markets. Empirically, seafaring labour markets are largely ignored by the disciplines of both sociology and commerce. The paper attempts to fill this gap by investigating a much neglected occupational sector. Very little empirical work is being done by South African researchers on global labour markets outside South Africa. This paper is therefore primarily addressed to a South African audience. Conclusion: The paper demonstrates that the state has to be a willing and active partner in ensuring employment security of its worker-citizens in global labour markets. The private sector and organised labour by themselves are unable or unwilling to prevent massive job losses without state intervention. As increasing numbers of workers join global labour markets, states need to become more involved rather than less involved in ensuring the stability of employment for their citizens.

scholarly journals Universitetsuddannelsens relevans i samfundsvidenskabelige studerendes perspektiv

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Laura Pérez Skardhamar ◽  
Charlotte Baarts
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Job Functions ◽  
University Studies ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship

Det seneste årti har oplevet et stærkt fokus fra politikernes side på den praktiske relevans af universitetsuddannelser, og dette fokus har ofte været baseret på en snæver forståelse af 'praktisk relevans’ som jobspecifikke kompetencer. Men et svar på spørgsmålet om, hvad der udgør jobspecifikke kompetencer, forudsætter en evne til at se ind i fremtiden og se, hvad det fremtidige arbejdsmarked vil kræve af studerende. Imidlertid tyder nyere uddannelsesforskning på, at de relevante, jobspecifikke kompetencer rettet mod behovene på arbejdsmarkedet bør fokusere på 'eksistentiel uddannelse’ snarere end jobspecifikke og snævert skræddersyede færdigheder. På baggrund af kvalitative interviews med sociologi- og antropologistuderende undersøger vi de studerendes opfattelser af forholdet mellem deres universitetsstudier og det fremtidige arbejdsmarked. Især ser vi på hvilke elementer af deres uddannelse, de studerende opfatter som relevante, herunder hvilken form for læring, de tror, vil være nyttig med hensyn til mulige jobfunktioner, de vil komme til at udfylde på et fremtidigt arbejdsmarked. In the past decade politicians have emphasized the importance of practical relevance in university programmes. This focus has often hinged on a narrow understanding of 'practical relevance' as job-specific competencies. Defining job-specific competencies is, however, more complex than it may first seem, since it requires an ability to look beyond current requirements and see what the future labour market will demand of students. Recent educational research suggests that relevant job-specific competences tailored to the needs of the labour market should focus on 'existential training', rather than job-specific and narrowly tailored skills. Using the outcomes of qualitative interviews with sociology and anthropology students, we examine the students’ perceptions of the relationship between their university studies and the future labour market. In particular, we look at what elements of their education the students understand to be relevant, including the type of learning they believe will be useful for possible job functions after leaving education.

Board Activity and Firm Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Jyoti Paul
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Board Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Because of recent failures in the past, the role of Board and the Board monitoring have become important. The directors are expected to be more accountable. In this study, the researcher tries to investigate the relationship between the level of board activity and firm value for firms in FMCG sector over a three-year period from 2010–2011 to 2012–2013. The primary aim of the article is to provide empirical evidence and specifically find out the impact of board activity measured by number of meetings and its impact on firm performance. The results indicate that the attendance in board meetings is significantly positively correlated with ROA. The OLS results with both the performance measures show that the point estimates of attendance at board meetings were significant indicating that attendance in such meetings is perceived to be an indicator of good monitoring activities of the board.

Labour Market Reform and the Plight of the Laid-off Proletariat

2002 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 304-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Solinger
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Material Conditions

The government's projects and claims to succour the workers made redundant by its economic restructuring of the past decade have all run into severe difficulties. Indeed, all three of the state's undertakings directed at the furloughed are burdened by stunning weaknesses that cast enormous doubt upon reports of the opportunities both for the furloughed to find new employment and for them to obtain state assistance. The non-state sector generally has more work for rural migrants or the highly educated than for the laid-off; the Re-employment Project is full of pitfalls; and immense challenges of both resource scarcity and administrative incapacity characterize the national-scale social welfare programme. This article thus sets out the material conditions confronting those who have lost their jobs.

The Pattern of Cooperation and Conflict between Korea and Japan: Theoretical Expectations and Empirical Realities

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHEOL HEE PARK
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Controversy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

AbstractOver the past few decades, cooperation between Korea and Japan has increased and deepened, but frictions continue to persist. Which direction is the relationship between Korea and Japan heading? This is the question that this article attempts to address.From an analytical standpoint, this article applies contemporary international relations theories – realism, liberalism, and constructivism – to the pattern of cooperation and conflict in Korea–Japan relations. After reviewing both optimistic and pessimistic positions drawn from diverse perspectives, the author makes a synthesis, where he suggests the case for cautious optimism.What we find in reality is long-term progress in an upward movement, interrupted by recurring frictions in the short term. Empirical evidence supports the case that Korea–Japan relations are making steady progress towards deeper, heightened, and multilayered cooperation. However, such issues as historical controversy and territorial disputes are the hurdles that both nations need to overcome. Whether Korea and Japan can maximize the effects of optimism, while they effectively minimize the impacts of pessimism will determine the nature of the ties between the two countries.Cooperation between the two countries is not necessarily guaranteed, but we find irreversible trends of improved cooperation over time. However, lingering suspicions, submerged nationalist sentiments, and sporadic surges of extremism remain. They should be carefully managed by the leaders of the two countries.

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