scholarly journals Un Organisme Sui Generisà la Polynésie Français

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
René Calinaud
Keyword(s):  
French Polynesia ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Set Up

The law of 5 February 1994 set up the Land Conciliation Commission of French Polynesia as a unique and original institution. Its creation was the result of considerable reflection on the treatment of land claims, which have their own particular characteristics and difficulties in this overseas territory. This article examines the success of the Commission, in light of its uncertain future after the creation of a land tribunal by the constitutional reform of 2004.

Born Digital? Digitization and the Birth of the Moroccan National Archives

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 195-218
Author(s):  
Nora El Qadim
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Archival Institution ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Set Up

Abstract:This article examines the digitization policy of Archives du Maroc (AdM), Morocco’s national archival institution, which was set up in 2011 and opened in 2013. Given its recent creation, the AdM lead us to question the particularity of digitization in archiving policies when included from the start rather than retroactively. Through an analysis of the creation and development of AdM as a public policy connected to national efforts at transparency and “good governance,” I argue that digitization has served as a way of performing modernity through technology and international standards, thus reinforcing the legitimacy of a nascent institution.

(Dis)solving the Chronological Paradox in Customary International Law: A Hartian Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lefkowitz
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Resolution Function ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Normative Standard

As traditionally conceived, the creation of a new rule of customary international law requires that states believe the law to already require the conduct specified in the rule. Distinguishing the process whereby a customary rule comes to exist from the process whereby that customary rule becomes law dissolves this chronological paradox. Creation of a customary rule requires only that states come to believe that there exists a normative standard to which they ought to adhere, not that this standard is law. What makes the customary rule law is adherence by officials in the international legal system to a rule of recognition that treats custom as a source of valid law. Confusion over this distinction arises because in the international legal system the same agents whose beliefs give rise to a customary rule are the legal officials whose adherence to the rule of recognition leads them to deem that rule legally valid. The proposed solution to the chronological paradox employs H.L.A. Hart’s analysis of the concepts of law and a legal system, and in particular, the idea of a rule of recognition. Yet Hart famously denies the existence of a rule of recognition for international law. Hart’s denial rests on a failure to distinguish between the ontological and authoritative resolution functions of a rule of recognition, however. Once such a distinction is drawn, it can be argued that customary international law rests on a rule of recognition that serves the ontological function of making customary norms legal, though not the authoritative resolution function of settling disputes over the alleged legality of particular norms.

Un anacronismo preconstitucional que requiere ser adaptado al bloque de constitucionalidad: el Convenio sobre la pesca en el Bidasoa y en la Bahía de Higuer, de 14 de julio de 1959

2016 ◽  
pp. 261-300
Author(s):  
Carlos FERNÁNDEZ DE CASADEVANTE ROMANÍ
Keyword(s):  
International Agreements ◽  
The State ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Current Block ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

LABURPENA: Lan honek Bidasoan eta Higerreko badian arrantzatzeari buruzko 1959ko uztailaren 14ko Espainiaren eta Frantziaren arteko hitzarmenaren konstituzio-kontrakotasuna aztertzen du, Espainiari dagokionez. Hitzarmen horrek, hain zuzen ere, espazio horietako ibai-arrantza, itsaski-bilketa eta akuikultura arautzen ditu, bai eta horietan egindako arau-hausteen ikuskapena eta zehapena ere, eta konstituzioa onartu eta ia berrogei urtera, ez du zuzenketarik izan araudi berrira egokitzeko. Hau da, alor horietan eta ur horietan Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoak duen eskumen esklusibora egokitu gabe dago oraindik. Arazo hori konpontzeko, bi aukera proposatzen dira: Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoaren organo eskudunek konstituzio-kontrakotasuneko errekurtsoa jartzea, edo Estatuko Gobernuari Hitzarmena eguneratzeko eskatzea, hitzarmenei eta nazioarteko beste akordio batzuei buruzko azaroaren 27ko 25/2014 Legearen 49., 50. eta 51. artikuluetan xedatutako prozedurak erabiliz. Izan ere, prozedura horietan autonomien parte-hartzea aurreikusten da. RESUMEN: El trabajo aborda la inconstitucionalidad, en lo que a España se refiere, del Convenio hispano-francés de 14 de julio de 1959, relativo a la pesca en el Bidasoa y Bahía de Higuer; tratado que regula la pesca fluvial, el marisqueo y la acuicultura en esos espacios, así como la inspección y sanción de las infracciones al mismo, pero que casi cuarenta años después del vigente bloque de constitucionalidad no ha sido enmendado para adaptarlo al mismo. Esto es, a la competencia exclusiva de la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca en esas materias y en esas aguas. Para corregir esta anomalía se propone que los órganos competentes de la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca soliciten al Gobierno del Estado la enmienda del Convenio en el marco de los procedimientos instaurados por los arts. 49, 50 y 51 de la Ley 25/2014, de 27 de noviembre, de Tratados y otros acuerdos internacionales; procedimientos que contemplan la participación autonómica. ABSTRACT: The article deals with the unconstitutionality, as far as Spain is concerned, of the Spanish-French Convention of July 14, 1959, concerning fishing in the Bidasoa and Higuer Bay; treaty ruling river fishing, shellfish and aquaculture in these waters as well as inspection and punishment of violations of it. Nevertheless, nearly forty years after the current block of constitutionality it has not been adapted to it; this is the exclusive competence of the Basque Autonomous Community in these areas and in those waters. To correct this anomaly the request by the competent bodies of the Basque Autonomous Community for the amendment of the Convention to the Government of the State in the framework of the procedures set up buy articles 49, 50 and 51 of the Law 27/2014, of 27 November, of treaties and other international agreements; procedures including regional participation, is proposed.

The Creation of a Multi-Link Load Balancing Mechanism for Planetary Gearing: Part 2 — Optimum Mechanism Selection and Dimension Determination

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Hong ◽  
Wei-qing Cao ◽  
Ting Li Yang ◽  
Jin Kui Chu
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Uniform Load ◽  
Topological Structures ◽  
Optimum Load ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Set Up

Abstract This paper is the second of a series of two papers which designed a new type of load balancing mechanisms for planetary gearings with arbitrary number of planets. In this paper the common expression of the non-uniform load share factor was deduced, and a function parameter:force-arm factor and their solution was given. That makes it possible that the dimensions and the ability of load equilibrium of Multi-Link Load Balancing Mechanisms can be determined. The criteria of optimum load balancing Mechanisms selection were set up with consider of the effects of turning pair clearances, and optimum mechanisms were selected among the 15 candidates obtained in Part 1. Finally, it was demonstrated that the optimum multi-link load balancing mechanisms for arbitrary number of planets had the similar topological structures and same function and performence of load equilibrium.

scholarly journals Building an Open Source Institutional Repository at a Small Law School Library: Is it Realistic or Unattainable?

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
School Library ◽  
Law School ◽  
Institutional Repository ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
Law Faculty ◽  
Development Support ◽  
The Law ◽  
Texas Tech University ◽  
Set Up

Digital preservation activities among law libraries have largely been limited by a lack of funding, staffing and expertise. Most law school libraries that have already implemented an Institutional Repository (IR) chose proprietary platforms because they are easy to set up, customize, and maintain with the technical and development support they provide. The Texas Tech University School of Law Digital Repository is one of the few law school repositories in the nation that is built on the DSpace open source platform.1 The repository is the law school’s first institutional repository in history. It was designed to collect, preserve, share and promote the law school’s digital materials, including research and scholarship of the law faculty and students, institutional history, and law-related resources. In addition, the repository also serves as a dark archive to house internal records.

IT in the Law

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Laurence W. Bebbington
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Named Entities ◽  
Publishing Program ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law

Earlier in the year Context launched Link Studio, an e-publishing program that automates the creation of hypertext links within documents. It eliminates the need for manual editing. The program can identify bibliographic citations, named entities (e.g. companies, organisations) and pre-defined words and phrases, interprets the varying ways in which such data can be presented and uses the resulting information to locate the cited document. It then automatically converts the reference into a link to it. This can lead to much faster link creation within documents. It may be useful for users who have neither the time nor the inclination to increase the utility of documents by engaging in laborious manual editing and creation of links. Where information sharing, resource management and easy navigation between sources (using intranets, for example) is crucial such programs may be valuable. The technology is similar to Context's existing i-Link and it now works with Word 97 (and upwards) documents. See www.syntalex.com/solutions/acl_whatlink.html.

Menander's Dramatic Technique and the Law of Athens

1983 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. McC. Brown
Keyword(s):  
General Attitude ◽  
Good Standing ◽  
The Law ◽  
Dramatic Technique ◽  
Set Up

‘Menander has set up a confrontation between this law [the law about epikleroi] and love… He wants the audience to regard the law as stupid and wrong… Surely one of Menander's purposes in writing this play was to make the Athenians consider seriously whether the law ought to be changed.’ Thus Professor D. M. MacDowell in the concluding paragraph of his article ‘Love versus the Law: an Essay on Menander's Aspis’. A similar view was already implicit in E. Karabelias' treatment of the play as indicative of the general attitude to this law in Athens in Menander's day: ‘A n'en point douter, l'épiclérat est ressenti, á l'epoque de Ménandre, comme une anomalie intolérable pour les mceurs de la societe athénienne à la fin du ive s.av.n.è L'épiclérat est odieux et ridicule… L'hostilité envers l'épiclérat est done un signe des temps’. And Professor E. G. Turner has written: ‘it is hard to imagine that the institution of the epiclerate emerged in good standing from this derisory treatment’.

scholarly journals RIGHT OF ACCESS ON UNDERGROUND LAND DEVELOPMENT: GUIDANCE FROM SINGAPORE AND AUSTRALIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Najah Inani Abdul Jalil ◽  
‘Ain Husna Mohd Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Development ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Access ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Land Code

In 1990, the creation of underground land is created in the National Land Code. The scarcity of land especially in urban areas has pushed the traditional horizontal land development into vertical land development. Apart from transportation purposes, it is suitable for recreational, storage, and service utility purposes. Within this development, it attracts questions such as how to reconcile the right of surface and underground landowners as the law has allowed the ownership of underground land to be independent and separate from the surface owner. In governing the relationship between the surface and the underground landowners, the provision of access, support, and protection are regulated under the express condition in the document of title. This paper explores the concept of the right of support in Malaysia and the requirement for its application. This paper uses the doctrinal method where statutory provisions, cases, legal articles are examined. In discussing this topic, the practice in Singapore and Australia is compared, and it is suggested in regulating the relationship between surface and underground landowners, the creation of easement to be adopted with the compensation to be awarded to the burdened land.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Practical Significance of the Issue of Maritime Delimitation in the Law of the Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Lakićević-Đuranović
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law

This paper aims to show the significance of maritime delimitation in the Law of the Sea, as well as the contribution of international jurisprudence to the creation of the rules of maritime delimitation. The decisions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the awards of arbitration tribunals are especially significant in the part of the Law of the Sea dealing with maritime delimitation. Based on the analysis of the principle of equity and the method of equidistance, the jurisprudence of the courts is shown to have established precedents and to have an irreplaceable role in the development of the international Law of the Sea, particularly in the segment of maritime delimitations.

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