Utilization of complex pectic polysaccharides from new zealand plants (tetragonia tetragonioides and corynocarpus laevigatus) by gut bacteroides species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Centanni ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
Tracey Bell ◽  
Alison Daines ◽  
Simon Hinkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharide ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Tetragonia Tetragonioides

© 2019 American Chemical Society. Pectic polysaccharides from New Zealand (NZ) spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides) and karaka berries (Corynocarpus laevigatus) were extracted and analyzed. NZ spinach polysaccharides comprised mostly homogalacturonan (64.4%) and rhamnogalacturonan I (5.8%), with side chains of arabinan (8.1%), galactan (2.2%), and type II arabinogalactan (7.1%); karaka berry polysaccharides comprised homogalacturonan (21.8%) and rhamnogalacturonan I (10.0%), with greater proportions of side chains (arabinan, 15.6%; galactan, 23.8%; and type II arabinogalactan, 19.3%). Screening of gut commensal Bacteroides showed that six were able to grow on the NZ spinach extract, while five were able to grow on the karaka berry extract. Analysis of the polysaccharides remaining after fermentation, by size-exclusion chromatography and constituent sugar analysis, showed that the Bacteroides species that grew on these two substrates showed preferences for the different pectic polysaccharide types. Our data suggest that, to completely degrade and utilize the complex pectin structures found in plants, members of Bacteroides and other bowel bacteria work as metabolic consortia.

Utilization of complex pectic polysaccharides from new zealand plants (tetragonia tetragonioides and corynocarpus laevigatus) by gut bacteroides species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Centanni ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
Tracey Bell ◽  
Alison Daines ◽  
Simon Hinkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharide ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Tetragonia Tetragonioides

© 2019 American Chemical Society. Pectic polysaccharides from New Zealand (NZ) spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides) and karaka berries (Corynocarpus laevigatus) were extracted and analyzed. NZ spinach polysaccharides comprised mostly homogalacturonan (64.4%) and rhamnogalacturonan I (5.8%), with side chains of arabinan (8.1%), galactan (2.2%), and type II arabinogalactan (7.1%); karaka berry polysaccharides comprised homogalacturonan (21.8%) and rhamnogalacturonan I (10.0%), with greater proportions of side chains (arabinan, 15.6%; galactan, 23.8%; and type II arabinogalactan, 19.3%). Screening of gut commensal Bacteroides showed that six were able to grow on the NZ spinach extract, while five were able to grow on the karaka berry extract. Analysis of the polysaccharides remaining after fermentation, by size-exclusion chromatography and constituent sugar analysis, showed that the Bacteroides species that grew on these two substrates showed preferences for the different pectic polysaccharide types. Our data suggest that, to completely degrade and utilize the complex pectin structures found in plants, members of Bacteroides and other bowel bacteria work as metabolic consortia.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Pectic Polysaccharides From Bupleurum chinense DC

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2093165
Author(s):  
Gang Yao ◽  
Jialei Xu ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Jiaojaio Lu ◽  
Mi K. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharide ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Covalently Linked

Bupleurum chinense DC, a traditional medicinal plant in China that has many pharmacological effects, contains polysaccharide as one of its active components. In this study, we isolated and structurally characterized the polysaccharide from B. chinense. Water-soluble polysaccharides (termed WBCP) were extracted from the plant and fractionated by anion-exchange and size exclusion chromatographies. From this procedure, we obtained a homogeneous acidic polysaccharide (WBCP-A2) and determined its monosaccharide composition. Analysis by FT infrared and 13C NMR spectroscopies, along with enzymatic hydrolysis, indicated that WBCP-A2 is a pectic polysaccharide, composed of rhamnogalacturonan I, rhamnogalacturonan II, highly methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG), and either non- or low methyl-esterified HG domains. These different fractions may be covalently linked through HG segments to form the complex pectin molecules.

Utilization of Complex Pectic Polysaccharides from New Zealand Plants (Tetragonia tetragonioides and Corynocarpus laevigatus) by Gut Bacteroides Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (27) ◽  
pp. 7755-7764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Centanni ◽  
Susan M. Carnachan ◽  
Tracey J. Bell ◽  
Alison M. Daines ◽  
Simon F. R. Hinkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Tetragonia Tetragonioides

Polysaccharide Structures in the Outer Mucilage of Arabidopsis Seeds Visualized by AFM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAK Williams ◽  
V Cornuault ◽  
AH Irani ◽  
VV Symonds ◽  
J Malmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Afm Imaging ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
The Stability ◽  
A Minor

© 2020 American Chemical Society. Evidence is presented that the polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) can be biosynthesized in remarkably organized branched configurations and surprisingly long versions and can self-assemble into a plethora of structures. AFM imaging has been applied to study the outer mucilage obtained from wild-type (WT) and mutant (bxl1-3 and cesa5-1) Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. For WT mucilage, ordered, multichain structures of the polysaccharide RGI were observed, with a helical twist visible in favorable circumstances. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the stability of several possible multichain complexes and the possibility of twisted fibril formation. For bxl1-3 seeds, the imaged polymers clearly showed the presence of side chains. These were surprisingly regular and well organized with an average length of ∼100 nm and a spacing of ∼50 nm. The heights of the side chains imaged were suggestive of single polysaccharide chains, while the backbone was on average 4 times this height and showed regular height variations along its length consistent with models of multichain fibrils examined in MD. Finally, in mucilage extracts from cesa5-1 seeds, a minor population of chains in excess of 30 μm long was observed.

Characterization of Polysaccharides from Feijoa Fruits (Acca sellowiana Berg.) and Their Utilization as Growth Substrates by Gut Commensal Bacteroides Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Bell ◽  
Sarah Draper ◽  
M Centanni ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
GW Tannock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Acca Sellowiana ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

© 2018 American Chemical Society. Polysaccharides from feijoa fruit were extracted and analyzed; the composition of these polysaccharides conforms to those typically found in the primary cell walls of eudicotyledons. The two major polysaccharide extracts consisted of mainly pectic polysaccharides and hemicellulosic polysaccharides [xyloglucan (77%) and arabinoxylan (16%)]. A collection of commensal Bacteroides species was screened for growth in culture using these polysaccharide preparations and placed into five categories based on their preference for each substrate. Most of the species tested could utilize the pectic polysaccharides, but growth on the hemicellulose was more limited. Constituent sugar and glycosyl linkage analysis showed that species that grew on the hemicellulose fraction showed differences in their preference for the two polysaccharides in this preparation. Our data demonstrate that the members of the genus Bacteroides show differential hydrolysis of pectic polysaccharides, xyloglucan, and arabinoxylan, which might influence the structure and metabolic activities of the microbiota in the human gut.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Pectic Polysaccharide Isolated from Diospyros kaki Leaves on Tumor Cell Angiogenesis via VEGF and MMP-9 Regulation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Jun Yeon Park ◽  
Myoung-Sook Shin
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharide

Persimmon leaves are an attractive source of phytochemicals with potential health benefits. However, there are only a few reports on the chemical properties and biological activity of the polysaccharide fractions (PLE-I–III) of persimmon leaves. We evaluated the angiogenesis-inhibiting ability of pectic-polysaccharides. The molecular weight of PLEs was determined using a high-performance size-exclusion chromatography system. Tube formation assay of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was performed using Matrigel-coated 96-well plates. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PI3K, Akt, and p38 phosphorylation levels were determined using Western blotting; VEGF and MMP-9 transcript levels were measured using SYBR Green qRT-PCR. PLE-I–III significantly inhibited HUVEC tube formation at 12.5 and 25 μg/mL. Among them, PLE-II showed the strongest anti-tube formation activity, and the mRNA/protein expression of angiogenesis-related factors (VEGF/MMP-9) was significantly reduced by PLE-II. PLE-II also suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and p38, JNK, and NF-κB p65 in HUVECs. These results suggest that the polysaccharide PLE-II isolated from persimmon leaves inhibited VEGF and MMP-9 expression in HUVECs via regulation of PI3K/AKT, p38, JNK, and NF-κB p65 signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Changes in pectins of the Xylopodium of Ocimum nudicaule from dormancy to sprouting

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Regina Braga ◽  
Nicholas C. Carpita ◽  
Sonia M. C. Dietrich ◽  
Rita de Cássia L. Figueiredo-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharide ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Extension ◽  
Phenological Phases

The thickened underground organ of Ocimum nudicaule is a tuber-like structure (xylopodium) that is dormant in winter and sprouts at the beginning of the spring. Changes in content of cell wall polysaccharides were shown to occur from dormancy to sprouting. Pectic polysaccharides of O. nudicaule were analyzed in relation to composition, molecular mass, and linkage structure in these two phenological phases. The pectin content was 33 % lower during sprouting when compared to dormancy. Changes were also observed in the molecular mass of the pectin fraction from dormancy to sprouting. Galacturonic acid was the predominant sugar, suggesting the presence of a homogalacturonan as the main pectic polysaccharide. A decrease in the acidic polysaccharides, homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan I, equally accounted for the decrease in the pectin composition upon sprouting. These acidic carbohydrates were predominantly detected in the cell walls of the phellogen region of the xylopodium, suggesting catabolism of the cell walls of this tissue during bud flushing. These results suggest that variations in the content and in the molecular mass of pectins, in addition to changes in their composition and structure could be related to storage function as well as cell wall extension growth, both required for the sprouting of new buds in the xylopodium of O. nudicaule.

Polysaccharide Structures in the Outer Mucilage of Arabidopsis Seeds Visualized by AFM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAK Williams ◽  
V Cornuault ◽  
AH Irani ◽  
VV Symonds ◽  
J Malmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Afm Imaging ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
The Stability ◽  
A Minor

© 2020 American Chemical Society. Evidence is presented that the polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) can be biosynthesized in remarkably organized branched configurations and surprisingly long versions and can self-assemble into a plethora of structures. AFM imaging has been applied to study the outer mucilage obtained from wild-type (WT) and mutant (bxl1-3 and cesa5-1) Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. For WT mucilage, ordered, multichain structures of the polysaccharide RGI were observed, with a helical twist visible in favorable circumstances. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the stability of several possible multichain complexes and the possibility of twisted fibril formation. For bxl1-3 seeds, the imaged polymers clearly showed the presence of side chains. These were surprisingly regular and well organized with an average length of ∼100 nm and a spacing of ∼50 nm. The heights of the side chains imaged were suggestive of single polysaccharide chains, while the backbone was on average 4 times this height and showed regular height variations along its length consistent with models of multichain fibrils examined in MD. Finally, in mucilage extracts from cesa5-1 seeds, a minor population of chains in excess of 30 μm long was observed.

Characterization of Polysaccharides from Feijoa Fruits (Acca sellowiana Berg.) and Their Utilization as Growth Substrates by Gut Commensal Bacteroides Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Bell ◽  
Sarah Draper ◽  
M Centanni ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
GW Tannock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Acca Sellowiana ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

© 2018 American Chemical Society. Polysaccharides from feijoa fruit were extracted and analyzed; the composition of these polysaccharides conforms to those typically found in the primary cell walls of eudicotyledons. The two major polysaccharide extracts consisted of mainly pectic polysaccharides and hemicellulosic polysaccharides [xyloglucan (77%) and arabinoxylan (16%)]. A collection of commensal Bacteroides species was screened for growth in culture using these polysaccharide preparations and placed into five categories based on their preference for each substrate. Most of the species tested could utilize the pectic polysaccharides, but growth on the hemicellulose was more limited. Constituent sugar and glycosyl linkage analysis showed that species that grew on the hemicellulose fraction showed differences in their preference for the two polysaccharides in this preparation. Our data demonstrate that the members of the genus Bacteroides show differential hydrolysis of pectic polysaccharides, xyloglucan, and arabinoxylan, which might influence the structure and metabolic activities of the microbiota in the human gut.

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