scholarly journals Some Aspects of Maori Urban Migration: a Psychological Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Frank Henry Walkey
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Interpersonal Adjustment ◽  
Group A ◽  
School Records ◽  
European Group

<p>Following a discussion of some of the implications of urban migration and culture change, predictions were made about the comparative levels of the adjustment of Maori and European, urban and rural, migrant and non-migrant fourteen year old boys. Data for the study were gathered from 306 subjects in a survey of the Wellington and East Coast areas of New Zealand. Four objective measures were developed for the survey and these, together with a structured interview and data from school records were used to assess interpersonal adjustment, competence, and intrapersonal adjustment. Some additional measures related to Maoriness, migration contact and orientation, and educational attitudes. It was observed during detailed analysis of the data, that contact with migrants and an orientation towards migration are significantly more frequently reported by Maori and rural than by European and urban groups, that there were no significant differences in the adjustment of rural and urban samples (though it was noted that on every measure the scores favoured the urban Maori over the rural Maori group), and that on all the measures of adjustment the European group scored higher than the Maori group. A factor analysis provided some insights into the source and significance of "Maoriness" , and aided the interpretation of scores obtained by the Maori sample on a number of variables. Three major conclusions were drawn from the study. First that although differences between the separate groups were often small, there is a significant trend for urban Europeans to show the best adjustment, followed in order by the rural Europeans, urban Maoris and rural Maoris. Second, that the rural Maori group as potential migrants, obtained significantly lower scores than did the potential recipients, the urban European group, on all the measures of adjustment. Finally that rural-urban and inter-city migration appear to have no effect on the adjustment levels at fourteen years of age, of either Maori or European boys, a finding which raises questions about the specific effects of migration on the adjustment of individuals.</p>

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Maori Urban Migration: a Psychological Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Frank Henry Walkey
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Interpersonal Adjustment ◽  
Group A ◽  
School Records ◽  
European Group

<p>Following a discussion of some of the implications of urban migration and culture change, predictions were made about the comparative levels of the adjustment of Maori and European, urban and rural, migrant and non-migrant fourteen year old boys. Data for the study were gathered from 306 subjects in a survey of the Wellington and East Coast areas of New Zealand. Four objective measures were developed for the survey and these, together with a structured interview and data from school records were used to assess interpersonal adjustment, competence, and intrapersonal adjustment. Some additional measures related to Maoriness, migration contact and orientation, and educational attitudes. It was observed during detailed analysis of the data, that contact with migrants and an orientation towards migration are significantly more frequently reported by Maori and rural than by European and urban groups, that there were no significant differences in the adjustment of rural and urban samples (though it was noted that on every measure the scores favoured the urban Maori over the rural Maori group), and that on all the measures of adjustment the European group scored higher than the Maori group. A factor analysis provided some insights into the source and significance of "Maoriness" , and aided the interpretation of scores obtained by the Maori sample on a number of variables. Three major conclusions were drawn from the study. First that although differences between the separate groups were often small, there is a significant trend for urban Europeans to show the best adjustment, followed in order by the rural Europeans, urban Maoris and rural Maoris. Second, that the rural Maori group as potential migrants, obtained significantly lower scores than did the potential recipients, the urban European group, on all the measures of adjustment. Finally that rural-urban and inter-city migration appear to have no effect on the adjustment levels at fourteen years of age, of either Maori or European boys, a finding which raises questions about the specific effects of migration on the adjustment of individuals.</p>

scholarly journals Fears and concerns related to menstruation: a qualitative study from the perspective of gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Botello-Hermosa ◽  
Rosa Casado-Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Education Campaigns ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Harmful Effects

The aim of this article is to analyze the fears about menstruation and health that have been passed down to us by oral transmission from a gender perspective. A qualitative study, whose design was the Grounded Theory, performed in Seville, Spain, with 24 rural and urban women from different generations, young (18-25, 26-35 years), middle aged (36-45, 46-55, 56-65 years) and elderly (> 65 years). The semi-structured interview was used as a data collection technique. The discourses were subjected to content analysis, following the steps of Grounded Theory. The results highlight the abundant fears related to use of water during menstruation, with very harmful effects to health. As a conclusion to highlight the lack of women's knowledge about reproductive health and that despite Health Education campaigns there are still ancient misconceptions present about menstruation.

scholarly journals What Is the Place of the Play Between the Essential Needs of Preschool Children According to Preservice Teachers?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Hatice Uysal Bayrak
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
State University ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Group A

This research aims to reveal the perceptions of the preservice teachers on the play which are among the essential needs of the preschool children. In this descriptive study, a case study which is one of the qualitative research designs was used. 79 preservice teachers attending the third grade in the Classroom Teaching Department of state university in Nigde province in Turkey. Convenience sampling method was used in the selection of the study group. A semi-structured interview form was prepared in order to reveal the perceptions of preservice teachers about the play. Content analysis technique was used for data analysis. At the end of the research, it was determined that the preschool teacher candidates expressed the essential needs of preschool children as nutrition, education and love respectively. The play was ranked as the number four among these needs.

scholarly journals Calling in sick: impacts of fever on intra-urban human mobility

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1834) ◽  
pp. 20160390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Alex Perkins ◽  
Valerie A. Paz-Soldan ◽  
Steven T. Stoddard ◽  
Amy C. Morrison ◽  
Brett M. Forshey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Host Mobility ◽  
Group A ◽  
Study Participants

Pathogens inflict a wide variety of disease manifestations on their hosts, yet the impacts of disease on the behaviour of infected hosts are rarely studied empirically and are seldom accounted for in mathematical models of transmission dynamics. We explored the potential impacts of one of the most common disease manifestations, fever, on a key determinant of pathogen transmission, host mobility, in residents of the Amazonian city of Iquitos, Peru. We did so by comparing two groups of febrile individuals (dengue-positive and dengue-negative) with an afebrile control group. A retrospective, semi-structured interview allowed us to quantify multiple aspects of mobility during the two-week period preceding each interview. We fitted nested models of each aspect of mobility to data from interviews and compared models using likelihood ratio tests to determine whether there were statistically distinguishable differences in mobility attributable to fever or its aetiology. Compared with afebrile individuals, febrile study participants spent more time at home, visited fewer locations, and, in some cases, visited locations closer to home and spent less time at certain types of locations. These multifaceted impacts are consistent with the possibility that disease-mediated changes in host mobility generate dynamic and complex changes in host contact network structure.

Urban Migration and Selective Acculturation: The Case of the Maori

1974 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Collette ◽  
Pat O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
European Population ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
World War ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social

The New Zealand Maori represent an important case study in the processes of urbanization and acculturation of an indigenous people. Whereas prior to World War II very few Maoris lived in cities, despite the existence of urban areas since the mid-nineteenth century, the postwar period has witnessed the most rapid urbanization of an indigenous people. By 1966, over one-half of the Maori population resided in cities and urban boroughs. The reasons for the occurrence of this phenomenon are discussed in terms of four factors: (1) changes in the attitudes of the European population; (2) changes in governmental policies concerning the social and economic development of the Maori population; (3) differences between the economic positions of rural and urban Maoris; and (4) the social changes effected by the military and logistic necessities of World War II. One of the most important features of Maori urbanization is that it is occurring without involving extensive loss or destruction of traditional Maori culture. It seems that the rapidity with which urbanization is occurring is at least partly responsible for the maintenance of traditional culture in the urban setting.

The Distribution of Household Income in China: Inequality, Poverty and Policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Li ◽  
Terry Sicular
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis article examines recent trends in inequality and poverty and the effects of distributional policies in China. After a discussion of data and measurement issues, we present evidence on national, as well as rural and urban, inequality and poverty. We critically examine a selection of policies pursued during the Hu–Wen decade that had explicit distributional objectives: the individual income tax, the elimination of agricultural taxes and fees, minimum wage policies, the relaxation of restrictions on rural–urban migration, the minimum living standard guarantee programme, the “open up the west” development strategy, and the development-oriented rural poverty reduction programme. Despite these policies, income inequality in China increased substantially from the mid-1990s through to 2008. Although inequality stabilized after 2008, the level of inequality remained moderately high by international standards. The ongoing urban–rural income gap and rapid growth in income from private assets and wealth have contributed to these trends in inequality. Policies relaxing restrictions on rural–urban migration have moderated inequality. Our review of selected distributional policies suggests that not all policy measures have been equally effective in ameliorating inequality and poverty.

Rural and Urban Childhood Environment Effects on Episodic Memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S630-S630
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
H. Yan ◽  
S. Shah ◽  
G. Yang ◽  
X. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Aversive Stimuli ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Childhood Environment ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

IntroductionChildhoods in urban or rural environments may differentially affect risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we leveraged on dramatic urbanization and rural-urban migration since the 1980s in China to explore the hypothesis that rural or urban childhoods may differentially influence memory processing and neural responses to neutral and aversive stimuli.ObjectivesExplore the underlying mechanisms of childhood environment effect on brain function and neuropsychiatric risk.MethodsWe examined 420 adult subjects with similar current socioeconomic status and living in Beijing, China, but with differing rural (n = 227) or urban (n = 193) childhoods. In an episodic memory paradigm scanned in a 3 T GE MRI, subjects viewed blocks of neutral or aversive pictures in the encoding and retrieval sessions.ResultsEpisodic memory accuracy for neutral stimuli was less than for aversive stimuli (P < 0.001). However, subjects with rural childhoods apparently performed less accurately for memory of aversive but not neutral stimuli (P < 0.01). In subjects with rural childhoods, there was relatively increased engagement of bilateral striatum at encoding, increased engagement of bilateral hippocampus at retrieval of neutral and aversive stimuli, and increased engagement of amygdala at aversive retrieval (P < 0.05 FDR corrected, cluster size > 50).ConclusionsRural or urban childhoods appear associated with physiological and behavioural differences, particularly in the neural processing of aversive episodic memory at medial temporal and striatal brain regions. It remains to be explored the extent to which these effects relate to individual risk for neuropsychiatric or stress-related disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

MIGRATION, TRANSLOCAL NETWORKS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION IN NAMIBIA

Africa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Stratification ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Price Differences

ABSTRACTRural–urban migration and networks are fundamental for many livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. Remittances in cash and kind provide additional income, enhance food security and offer access to viable resources in both rural and urban areas. Migration allows the involved households to benefit from price differences between rural and urban areas. In this contribution, I demonstrate that rural–urban networks not only contribute to poverty alleviation and security, but also further socio-economic stratification. This aspect has been ignored or neglected by most scholars and development planners. Using ethnographic data from Namibia, I have adopted a translocal perspective on migration and stratification, focusing on the resulting impact in rural areas where modern urban forms of stratification, induced by education and income from wage labour, are on the increase.

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