scholarly journals Influx: Architecture responsive to conditions of flux

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicola Bowman
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Resilience Thinking ◽  
Immersion Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Visitor Numbers

<p>Milford Sound is extremely vulnerable to visitor fluctuation. The vertical landforms and pristine natural landscape attracts over 500,000 tourists to the site each year. Due to the remote location and restrictions on developing accommodation in National Parks, Milford Sound is a day-trip-destination. This generates high volumes of tourists that arrive and leave at the same time, causing congestion and immense pressure on the facilities and the surrounding natural landscape at Milford Sound Village. Although the small township is built for visitors, the current visitor facilities do not respond to daily and seasonal visitor fluctuations. The buildings are at capacity at peak time and are empty and underutilised at low times. This has significant implications for the experience of the site, there are increasing reports of visitors feeling crowded (Booth, 2010). The unresponsive built fabric also impacts the state of the surrounding natural environment by preventing natural processes and ecosystems from thriving. With visitor numbers on the rise (McNeill,2005), Carey (2003) questions how many people can “they continue to pump into a destination before you start to remove the attraction from the destination”.  Situated alongside resilience thinking, flux is a topic of heightened relevance within architectural thinking, yet it has received very little attention. This thesis proposes responsive approaches to accommodating flux, through ‘static’ architectural forms. By introducing a series of hybrid and connected structures, architectural form is developed symbiotically with function, as a means of exploring operative forms of architecture. Architectural responses to flux have been primarily researched through design. The design outcome is a connected network of visitor facilities that acts as an ‘instrument’ in the landscape, reorganising the flow of visitors. Six concrete pavilions, connected by pathways, collect and disperse visitors along the site, encouraging an immersion experience in the World-Heritage listed natural environment. The architecture is constructed of buried, floating, carved and balanced elements. This thesis presents an example of architecture that creates an experience of engaging with the landscape and not with the crowds.</p>

scholarly journals Influx: Architecture responsive to conditions of flux

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicola Bowman
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Resilience Thinking ◽  
Immersion Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Visitor Numbers

<p>Milford Sound is extremely vulnerable to visitor fluctuation. The vertical landforms and pristine natural landscape attracts over 500,000 tourists to the site each year. Due to the remote location and restrictions on developing accommodation in National Parks, Milford Sound is a day-trip-destination. This generates high volumes of tourists that arrive and leave at the same time, causing congestion and immense pressure on the facilities and the surrounding natural landscape at Milford Sound Village. Although the small township is built for visitors, the current visitor facilities do not respond to daily and seasonal visitor fluctuations. The buildings are at capacity at peak time and are empty and underutilised at low times. This has significant implications for the experience of the site, there are increasing reports of visitors feeling crowded (Booth, 2010). The unresponsive built fabric also impacts the state of the surrounding natural environment by preventing natural processes and ecosystems from thriving. With visitor numbers on the rise (McNeill,2005), Carey (2003) questions how many people can “they continue to pump into a destination before you start to remove the attraction from the destination”.  Situated alongside resilience thinking, flux is a topic of heightened relevance within architectural thinking, yet it has received very little attention. This thesis proposes responsive approaches to accommodating flux, through ‘static’ architectural forms. By introducing a series of hybrid and connected structures, architectural form is developed symbiotically with function, as a means of exploring operative forms of architecture. Architectural responses to flux have been primarily researched through design. The design outcome is a connected network of visitor facilities that acts as an ‘instrument’ in the landscape, reorganising the flow of visitors. Six concrete pavilions, connected by pathways, collect and disperse visitors along the site, encouraging an immersion experience in the World-Heritage listed natural environment. The architecture is constructed of buried, floating, carved and balanced elements. This thesis presents an example of architecture that creates an experience of engaging with the landscape and not with the crowds.</p>

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ГОРОДСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ (ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Narbut
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Property A ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

В последние десятилетия в мире наблюдается беспрецедентный рост городов, который приводит к возникновению серьезных проблем, указывающих на то, что большинство городов мира развиваются неустойчиво. Экологические проблемы городов можно разделить на три группы: проблемы, связанные с территориальной организацией (территориальное планирование), состоянием природной среды и изменением развития природных процессов. Деление это условное, однако, поскольку территориальное планирование оказывает влияние и на состояние природной среды, и на последствия развития природных процессов, оно рассматривается как ключевое звено формирования устойчивого развития. В работе, исходя из важнейшего критерия устойчивого развития в мире достижение стратегического баланса между деятельностью человека и поддержанием воспроизводящих возможностей биосферы, выявлены основные проблемы современного планирования городской территории. Первая: в градостроительных документах городская и пригородная территория не рассматривается как единая система. Показано, что в пределах городской черты крупного города невозможно сбалансировать экологостабилизирующие и хозяйственные функции земель. Первичной территориальной основой, на которой можно обеспечить экологическое равновесие является город и его пригород. Вторая: не учитывается стадия урбанизации территории, которую определяет показатель освоенности региона. Находясь на первой стадии дифференциальной урбанизации, территория Дальнего Востока имеет в своем развитии ряд особенностей, одна из которых поляризованность территориальной структуры хозяйства. Как следствие наличие неосвоенных зон, обладающих ценнейшим, не учитываемым свойством высокой долей сохранности естественной природы, что позволяет рассматривать их как ресурс для усиления экологической составляющей в формировании устойчивого развития. Третья: зонирование территории происходит по типам пользования, при этом земли экологического назначения не выявляются. Четвертая: целевые программы по улучшению экологического состояния городов РФ унифицированы. В них не акцентируются региональные проблемы, не выявляются земли, перспективные для экологического использования, что могло стать основанием для начала работ по экологическому планированию. In recent decades, the world has seen an unprecedented growth of cities, which leads to the emergence of serious problems indicating that most cities in the world are developing unsustainably. The environmental problems of the cities can be divided into three groups: the problems related to spatial organization (landuse planning), the state of the natural environment and changes in the development of natural processes. This division is conditional, however, since landuse planning influences the state of the natural environment and the consequences of the development of natural processes, it is considered as a key element in the formation of sustainable development. In the paper, based on the most important criterion of sustainable development in the world the achievement of a strategic balance between human activity and the maintenance of the reproducing capabilities of the biosphere, the main problems of modern planning of an urban area are identified there are several of them. The first problem is that in the urban planning documents, the urban and suburban areas are not considered as a single system. It is shown that within the city limits of a large industrial city it is impossible to balance the economic and environmental stabilizing functions of land. The primary territorial basis, on which it is possible to ensure ecological balance, is the city and its suburbs. The second problem: the stage of urbanization of the territory, which is determined by the indicator of development of the region, is not taken into account. Being in the first stage of differential urbanization, the territory of the Far East has in its development a number of features one of which is the polarization of the territorial structure of the economy. This leads to the emergence of undeveloped zones that have the most valuable, not taken into account property a high proportion of natural preservation, which allows us to consider them as a resource for strengthening the environmental component in shaping sustainable development. The third problem: zoning of the territory takes place according to the types of use, while ecological lands are not detected. The fourth problem: targeted programs to improve the ecological status of the Russian cities are unified. They do not emphasize regional problems and do not identify land that is promising for environmental use, which could be the basis for starting work on environmental planning.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ГОРОДСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ (ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Narbut
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Property A ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

В последние десятилетия в мире наблюдается беспрецедентный рост городов, который приводит к возникновению серьезных проблем, указывающих на то, что большинство городов мира развиваются неустойчиво. Экологические проблемы городов можно разделить на три группы: проблемы, связанные с территориальной организацией (территориальное планирование), состоянием природной среды и изменением развития природных процессов. Деление это условное, однако, поскольку территориальное планирование оказывает влияние и на состояние природной среды, и на последствия развития природных процессов, оно рассматривается как ключевое звено формирования устойчивого развития. В работе, исходя из важнейшего критерия устойчивого развития в мире достижение стратегического баланса между деятельностью человека и поддержанием воспроизводящих возможностей биосферы, выявлены основные проблемы современного планирования городской территории. Первая: в градостроительных документах городская и пригородная территория не рассматривается как единая система. Показано, что в пределах городской черты крупного города невозможно сбалансировать экологостабилизирующие и хозяйственные функции земель. Первичной территориальной основой, на которой можно обеспечить экологическое равновесие является город и его пригород. Вторая: не учитывается стадия урбанизации территории, которую определяет показатель освоенности региона. Находясь на первой стадии дифференциальной урбанизации, территория Дальнего Востока имеет в своем развитии ряд особенностей, одна из которых поляризованность территориальной структуры хозяйства. Как следствие наличие неосвоенных зон, обладающих ценнейшим, не учитываемым свойством высокой долей сохранности естественной природы, что позволяет рассматривать их как ресурс для усиления экологической составляющей в формировании устойчивого развития. Третья: зонирование территории происходит по типам пользования, при этом земли экологического назначения не выявляются. Четвертая: целевые программы по улучшению экологического состояния городов РФ унифицированы. В них не акцентируются региональные проблемы, не выявляются земли, перспективные для экологического использования, что могло стать основанием для начала работ по экологическому планированию. In recent decades, the world has seen an unprecedented growth of cities, which leads to the emergence of serious problems indicating that most cities in the world are developing unsustainably. The environmental problems of the cities can be divided into three groups: the problems related to spatial organization (landuse planning), the state of the natural environment and changes in the development of natural processes. This division is conditional, however, since landuse planning influences the state of the natural environment and the consequences of the development of natural processes, it is considered as a key element in the formation of sustainable development. In the paper, based on the most important criterion of sustainable development in the world the achievement of a strategic balance between human activity and the maintenance of the reproducing capabilities of the biosphere, the main problems of modern planning of an urban area are identified there are several of them. The first problem is that in the urban planning documents, the urban and suburban areas are not considered as a single system. It is shown that within the city limits of a large industrial city it is impossible to balance the economic and environmental stabilizing functions of land. The primary territorial basis, on which it is possible to ensure ecological balance, is the city and its suburbs. The second problem: the stage of urbanization of the territory, which is determined by the indicator of development of the region, is not taken into account. Being in the first stage of differential urbanization, the territory of the Far East has in its development a number of features one of which is the polarization of the territorial structure of the economy. This leads to the emergence of undeveloped zones that have the most valuable, not taken into account property a high proportion of natural preservation, which allows us to consider them as a resource for strengthening the environmental component in shaping sustainable development. The third problem: zoning of the territory takes place according to the types of use, while ecological lands are not detected. The fourth problem: targeted programs to improve the ecological status of the Russian cities are unified. They do not emphasize regional problems and do not identify land that is promising for environmental use, which could be the basis for starting work on environmental planning.

Imaginings

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Kelly James Clark
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
First Order ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Group Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

In Branden Thornhill-Miller and Peter Millican’s challenging and provocative essay, we hear a considerably longer, more scholarly and less melodic rendition of John Lennon’s catchy tune—without religion, or at least without first-order supernaturalisms (the kinds of religion we find in the world), there’d be significantly less intra-group violence. First-order supernaturalist beliefs, as defined by Thornhill-Miller and Peter Millican (hereafter M&M), are “beliefs that claim unique authority for some particular religious tradition in preference to all others” (3). According to M&M, first-order supernaturalist beliefs are exclusivist, dogmatic, empirically unsupported, and irrational. Moreover, again according to M&M, we have perfectly natural explanations of the causes that underlie such beliefs (they seem to conceive of such natural explanations as debunking explanations). They then make a case for second-order supernaturalism, “which maintains that the universe in general, and the religious sensitivities of humanity in particular, have been formed by supernatural powers working through natural processes” (3). Second-order supernaturalism is a kind of theism, more closely akin to deism than, say, Christianity or Buddhism. It is, as such, universal (according to contemporary psychology of religion), empirically supported (according to philosophy in the form of the Fine-Tuning Argument), and beneficial (and so justified pragmatically). With respect to its pragmatic value, second-order supernaturalism, according to M&M, gets the good(s) of religion (cooperation, trust, etc) without its bad(s) (conflict and violence). Second-order supernaturalism is thus rational (and possibly true) and inconducive to violence. In this paper, I will examine just one small but important part of M&M’s argument: the claim that (first-order) religion is a primary motivator of violence and that its elimination would eliminate or curtail a great deal of violence in the world. Imagine, they say, no religion, too.Janusz Salamon offers a friendly extension or clarification of M&M’s second-order theism, one that I think, with emendations, has promise. He argues that the core of first-order religions, the belief that Ultimate Reality is the Ultimate Good (agatheism), is rational (agreeing that their particular claims are not) and, if widely conceded and endorsed by adherents of first-order religions, would reduce conflict in the world.While I favor the virtue of intellectual humility endorsed in both papers, I will argue contra M&M that (a) belief in first-order religion is not a primary motivator of conflict and violence (and so eliminating first-order religion won’t reduce violence). Second, partly contra Salamon, who I think is half right (but not half wrong), I will argue that (b) the religious resources for compassion can and should come from within both the particular (often exclusivist) and the universal (agatheistic) aspects of religious beliefs. Finally, I will argue that (c) both are guilty, as I am, of the philosopher’s obsession with belief. 

scholarly journals Does a National Park Enhance the Environment-Friendliness of Tourists as an Ecotourism Destination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8321
Author(s):  
Eunseong Jeong ◽  
Taesoo Lee ◽  
Alan Dixon Brown ◽  
Sara Choi ◽  
Minyoung Son
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
National Park ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Governments have designated national parks to protect the natural environment against ecosystem destruction and improve individuals’ emotional and recreational life. National parks enhance environment-friendly awareness by conducting ecotourism activities and individuals with environment-friendly awareness are inclined to continue to visit national parks as ecotourism destinations. The New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) is a widely used measure of environmental concern, suitable for measuring the environment-friendly attitude and revisit intention of visitors of national parks. Therefore, the study carried out structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationship between the NEP, national park conservation consciousness and environment-friendly behavioral intention. Based on the results, an implication is presented to induce national parks to cultivate individual environment-friendly awareness and for visitors to pursue sustainable, environment-friendly tourism behavior. The findings indicate that national parks are to expand educational programs and facilities for eco-tourists visiting national parks to maintain a balanced relationship between themselves and nature and have a strong environmental awareness to preserve the natural environment.

Flowing Down Bengawan Solo: An Interdisciplinary Lesson Model on Music and Rivers

2021 ◽  
pp. 104837132110262
Author(s):  
Jui-Ching Wang
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Global Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Periods

Music cannot be separated from its historical, geographical, and cultural context; therefore, it is important that students be taught music from a variety of genres, cultures, and historical periods relevant to the music to which they are introduced. In this article, I introduce an interdisciplinary approach through contextualization of the content of music, using it to lead to the study of related works in various disciplines. Using a song inspired by Indonesia’s Solo River, a lesson sample demonstrates teaching strategies that motivate students to engage in integrative thinking. By exploring music’s connection with relevant subjects to teach about the natural environment, this contextualized lesson presents a global learning experience to broaden students’ knowledge of the world. Contextualizing the content of Bengawan Solo illustrates how history and culture shaped the song and demonstrates how this work can be used as a springboard for students’ exploration of its history, geography, and ecology.

The Environmental Protection Consciousness and Countermeasures

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1509-1512
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Pin Lv
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Environmental Concepts ◽  
Environment Sustainability ◽  
Development And Environment

There are various signs indicating that the Earth's natural environment is changing toward unfavorable direction for species, which is highly suspected to be connected with human activities. In the last century, people all over the world have realized the severity of environmental issues. In the long history, Chinese ancient had already development good rules and methods to reach balance between economic development and environment sustainability. This paper will discuss how environmental concepts forms and which methods could be applied in the future.

scholarly journals Dwelling Is a Key Idea in Traditional Residential Architecture’s Sustainability: A Case Study at Yangwan Village in Suzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6492
Author(s):  
Fengyi Ji ◽  
Shangyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Residential Architecture ◽  
The Core ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Local Livelihood ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Architectural Characteristics

Previous studies have failed to grasp the essence of traditional building habits responding to natural challenges. Therefore, contradictions arise between unified regulations protecting traditional residential architecture proposed by experts and the diverse construction transformation performed by locals. To resolve these contradictions, fieldwork was conducted in Yangwan, a famous village in South China. The traditional residential architectural characteristics in three periods were obtained and compared. Peirce’s interpretation of the three natures of habit and Heidegger’s dwelling help determine the essence of building habits. The logic in traditional residential architecture is analysed through the “four-layer integrated into one” framework (including the natural environment, livelihood form, institution and ideology), yielding the following results. (1) The characteristics of the residential architectural form change with local livelihood form, institution and ideology. Nevertheless, the process by which local residents think, judge and respond to natural challenges remains unchanged (Thirdness of Habit), forming the core of dwelling. (2) The characteristics of the architectural form are determined by the causal chain of “four-layer integrated into one”. Stable causal chains are formed by the Thirdness of Habit, which represents people’s initiative in addressing natural challenges. Therefore, the protection of traditional residential architecture should centre on dwelling and people’s agency in response to the natural environment rather than on maintaining a unified physical form.

scholarly journals A Model of the Sustainable Management of the Natural Environment in National Parks—A Case Study of National Parks in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Oleśniewicz ◽  
Sławomir Pytel ◽  
Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska ◽  
Adam R. Szromek ◽  
Soňa Jandová
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
State Of The Environment

This paper aimed to present a model of natural environment management in national parks in Poland in the context of increased tourist traffic. The research area comprised Polish national parks as they are characterized by barely altered nature, little human impact, and undisturbed natural phenomena. The methods involved the observational method, literature analysis and criticism, and the in-depth interview method employed in November 2019. The respondents included national park management staff. The questions were prepared in accordance with the Berlin Declaration principles of sustainable tourism development and were extended with the authors’ own items. The questionnaire contained 17 questions, grouped in four parts: science and documentation; tourism; cooperation and education; environmental threats. The results indicate that in order for actions to prove efficient in a park, a conservation plan should be carefully developed. Its correctness requires monitoring the state of the environment, tourist traffic size and trends, and tourists’ impact on the environment. An important condition for effective tourism management in parks is to increase the competences of the administering bodies and knowledge regarding individuals’ responsibilities. Boards should be able to evaluate and modify conservation plans, spatial development plans, municipality development strategies, and projects for investments within the parks.

scholarly journals The barasingha, or swamp deer, in Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

Oryx ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Henshaw
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Field Study ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Deer Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Wildlife Reserve ◽  
Swamp Deer

Between 1988 and 1993 six periods of field study were undertaken to investigate the environmental impact of the construction of a main irrigation canal and other works in the proposed extension of Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve and to recommend protective measures. Suklaphanta is administered by His Majesty's Government of Nepal through the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation. Special emphasis was placed upon the barasingha Cervus duvauceli population because it is the largest remaining group of this endangered deer species in the world. This paper presents recommendations for the management of the barasingha and its habitat.

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