scholarly journals A Model of the Sustainable Management of the Natural Environment in National Parks—A Case Study of National Parks in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Oleśniewicz ◽  
Sławomir Pytel ◽  
Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska ◽  
Adam R. Szromek ◽  
Soňa Jandová
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
State Of The Environment

This paper aimed to present a model of natural environment management in national parks in Poland in the context of increased tourist traffic. The research area comprised Polish national parks as they are characterized by barely altered nature, little human impact, and undisturbed natural phenomena. The methods involved the observational method, literature analysis and criticism, and the in-depth interview method employed in November 2019. The respondents included national park management staff. The questions were prepared in accordance with the Berlin Declaration principles of sustainable tourism development and were extended with the authors’ own items. The questionnaire contained 17 questions, grouped in four parts: science and documentation; tourism; cooperation and education; environmental threats. The results indicate that in order for actions to prove efficient in a park, a conservation plan should be carefully developed. Its correctness requires monitoring the state of the environment, tourist traffic size and trends, and tourists’ impact on the environment. An important condition for effective tourism management in parks is to increase the competences of the administering bodies and knowledge regarding individuals’ responsibilities. Boards should be able to evaluate and modify conservation plans, spatial development plans, municipality development strategies, and projects for investments within the parks.

scholarly journals Does a National Park Enhance the Environment-Friendliness of Tourists as an Ecotourism Destination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8321
Author(s):  
Eunseong Jeong ◽  
Taesoo Lee ◽  
Alan Dixon Brown ◽  
Sara Choi ◽  
Minyoung Son
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
National Park ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Governments have designated national parks to protect the natural environment against ecosystem destruction and improve individuals’ emotional and recreational life. National parks enhance environment-friendly awareness by conducting ecotourism activities and individuals with environment-friendly awareness are inclined to continue to visit national parks as ecotourism destinations. The New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) is a widely used measure of environmental concern, suitable for measuring the environment-friendly attitude and revisit intention of visitors of national parks. Therefore, the study carried out structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationship between the NEP, national park conservation consciousness and environment-friendly behavioral intention. Based on the results, an implication is presented to induce national parks to cultivate individual environment-friendly awareness and for visitors to pursue sustainable, environment-friendly tourism behavior. The findings indicate that national parks are to expand educational programs and facilities for eco-tourists visiting national parks to maintain a balanced relationship between themselves and nature and have a strong environmental awareness to preserve the natural environment.

The State's Developmentalist Illusion and the Origins of Illegal Coca Cultivation in Peru's Alto Huallaga Valley (1960–80)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Maritza Paredes ◽  
Hernán Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
The State ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
State Development ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Development Plans

Abstract The origin of illicit economies has been understood as a consequence of ‘low stateness’ (i.e. low reach of the state). Given the limited stateness in many regions, however, this article seeks to explain how only some sub-national territories have become vulnerable to illegal drug trafficking. To make this case, the representative example of the Alto Huallaga valley, in the Peruvian Amazon, is analysed. This article argues that ineffective development and settlement efforts by the Peruvian state in the Alto Huallaga, rather than the absence of the state, produced socio-ecological conditions in the region, in the late 1970s, that made it more vulnerable to the illegal economy. At the same time as international demand for illegal cocaine was expanding, two conditions resulting from frustrated state development plans came together: an enclave of poor peasants who were not self-sufficient and a natural environment impoverished by soil degradation and intensive deforestation, paradoxically not suitable for any crop except coca.

Elements in the development of conservation plans for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 312-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian J Dodson ◽  
R John Gibson ◽  
Richard A Cunjak ◽  
Kevin D Friedland ◽  
Carlos Garcia de Leaniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines two areas to be considered in developing conservation plans for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): goal statements and the general framework for the implementation of a conservation plan. From a biological perspective, the appropriate conservation unit for Atlantic salmon is the Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU). As conservation decisions will rarely be based solely on biological information, the Operational Conservation Unit (OCU) is defined as resulting from the interplay between biological requirements and socio-economic issues. A multi-scale habitat inventory of Atlantic salmon rivers to know what their status is relative to historical conditions is the first step in a functional conservation plan. The viability of salmon populations may be assessed according to 6 variables: abundance, resilience, age and size structure, sex ratio, spatial and geographical distribution. A genetically viable population possesses the species' evolutionary legacy and the genetic variation on which future evolutionary potential depends. Four factors important to monitoring changes in a population's genetic health are genetic diversity, effective population size, genetic bottlenecks and founder effects and gene flow. Implementation of a conservation plan must be proactive to maintain the quality of the OCUs. Commercial and recreational fisheries need to be limited and several case studies are reviewed. The importance of avoiding the introduction of exotics and minimizing the impact of sampling methodology, as well as the pitfalls of planting eggs, fry, or parr, are addressed. Finally, the importance of fostering public awareness of the value of conservation is essential to apply the political pressure necessary to preserve natural resources.

scholarly journals The golden-backed uacari on the upper Rio Negro, Brazil

Oryx ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Barnett ◽  
Aléxia Celeste da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
North Western ◽  
Cacajao Melanocephalus

The golden-backed uacari Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary is one of South America's least-known monkeys. Listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN, it lives in remote areas of north-western Amazonia, as yet relatively unaffected by ecologically disruptive economic and technological activities. It inhabits swamp forests on black-water rivers during the main fruiting season and may move to dry land forests at other times of the year. The authors' survey showed that the animal was still common in the vicinity of subsistence communities, but is subject to heavy hunting pressure. Although the political situation in the area and the region's remoteness make it difficult to implement conservation plans, the authors propose a possible basis for a conservation plan for the golden-backed uacari and its habitat.

scholarly journals Prediction of changes in the state of the geological environment in the mining region

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 00009
Author(s):  
Olena Bubnova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Geological Environment ◽  
General State ◽  
Mining Region ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Hydrological Regimes

The mining industry is fundamental in the violation of the natural environment and the creation of technogenic. Due to the fact that the natural, disturbed and technogenic environments are in direct contact with each other, there are a number of interrelations between them that affect the general state of the environment. It is shown that the interaction of disturbed and technogenic arrays with the natural geological environment leads to the development of negative processes in the form of landslides, flooding and drainage of territories. In turn, these negative processes lead to the formation of secondary disturbances in the natural environment and directly in disturbed and technogenic arrays - additional sedimentation and deformation of rocks, the formation of dips. The main reason for the development of such hazardous processes is the violation of the hydrogeological regime in the vast territories adjacent to the mine workings. Studies of the hydrogeological and hydrological regimes in disturbed and technogenic arrays are given. The processes of landslide formation and their causes in quarries and in dumps of enterprises mining various types of minerals are considered.

scholarly journals More or Less Sustainable? Assessment from a Policy Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Petrevska ◽  
Aleksandra Terzić ◽  
Cvetko Andreeski
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Policy Perceptions

Sustainability of tourism destinations has become the main focus in planning and managing tourism development. Despite existing legislation and an institutional framework to safeguard balanced tourism growth, many destinations fail to properly address it. So far, studies are limited in exploring sustainable tourism impacts from a policy perspective. This study follows previous ones in using the triple bottom line sustainability approach to define tourism impacts. It argues, in particular, for a nexus between understanding of policy perception and sustainability, and it applies this to tourist destinations in Serbia to determine whether they are operating sustainably. For this purpose, the data were collected using a combination of multiple methods, involving interviews with policymakers and content analysis of strategic documents. This study further suggests a model that assesses the extent of the sustainability of tourist destinations. The results illustrate the importance of understanding policy perceptions in shaping and facilitating sustainability and informing policy enablers on how to improve and reform current tourism development. The model can be adopted and applied to any tourist destination facing an inevitable need to re-shape their tourism development plans and policies, while the implications address the need to build a participative policy approach to sustainable tourism development.

scholarly journals Depopulation of Cities and Housing Decisions of University Graduates

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Alina Źróbek-Różańska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Research Area ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
City Development ◽  
Space Management ◽  
University Center ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Predicting the population size of a city is one of the key tasks preceding the creation of city development plans, seeing as how urban space management should be adequate to current and forecasted economic and social trends, including demographic ones. In many cities of the world, apart from capitals and metropolises, the phenomenon of depopulation and shrinking has been observed, which is due to a decrease in the fertility rate and a negative migration balance. Apart from the inhabitants registered in the city for permanent residence, there are also people living there temporary, including students. Some graduates will decide to stay in the city, thus increasing the population of the city’s residents. The purpose of the study described in this article was to attempt to determine the extent to which new-coming students are able to alleviate the effects of the adverse phenomenon of city depopulation. The city chosen as the research area - Olsztyn - has been experiencing the loss of residents for 10 years and is also the largest university center in the province. Understanding settlement / migration plans required a broad survey. As a result, it was concluded that the impact of graduates on inhibiting depopulation is relatively small as most of them planned to move out to a larger urban center, and only every fifth one declared a willingness to live in Olsztyn. Retaining graduates would require the development of the labor market towards new, well-paid jobs.

Assessment of the Environmental Efficiency of Oil Refineries

2021 ◽  
Vol 625 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
E. A. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
N. A. Likhacheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
State Of The Environment

The criteria for assessing environmental efficiency and mechanisms for selecting environmental indicators are analyzed. It is proposed to use a new criterion - the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions, which determines the ratio of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and the result of the organization's activities. The results of the environmental efficiency assessment allow us to assess environmental risks, work out ways to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment and develop long-term production development plans, taking into account possible changes in the state of the environment in the region of oil refining production.

Assessing the availability of aerially delivered baits to feral cats through rainforest canopy using unmanned aircraft

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Johnston ◽  
Guy McCaldin ◽  
Andrew Rieker
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Responsible Ownership ◽  
Broad Scale

At least eight threatened wildlife species are at direct risk from predation by cats (Felis catus) on Christmas Island (Director of National Parks. 2014. Christmas Island biodiversity conservation plan. Canberra. Australia: Department of the Environment.). A range of strategies are now being used to manage cats across the island, including responsible ownership methods for domestic cats and lethal control tools to remove feral cats outside the township area. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were used to drop non-toxic baits through the rainforest canopy to assess whether aerial baiting could be undertaken successfully on the island. Ground crews located 88% of baits, indicating that sufficient baits would be accessible to feral cats if broad-scale aerial baiting was to be undertaken in the future.

scholarly journals Influx: Architecture responsive to conditions of flux

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicola Bowman
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Resilience Thinking ◽  
Immersion Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Visitor Numbers

<p>Milford Sound is extremely vulnerable to visitor fluctuation. The vertical landforms and pristine natural landscape attracts over 500,000 tourists to the site each year. Due to the remote location and restrictions on developing accommodation in National Parks, Milford Sound is a day-trip-destination. This generates high volumes of tourists that arrive and leave at the same time, causing congestion and immense pressure on the facilities and the surrounding natural landscape at Milford Sound Village. Although the small township is built for visitors, the current visitor facilities do not respond to daily and seasonal visitor fluctuations. The buildings are at capacity at peak time and are empty and underutilised at low times. This has significant implications for the experience of the site, there are increasing reports of visitors feeling crowded (Booth, 2010). The unresponsive built fabric also impacts the state of the surrounding natural environment by preventing natural processes and ecosystems from thriving. With visitor numbers on the rise (McNeill,2005), Carey (2003) questions how many people can “they continue to pump into a destination before you start to remove the attraction from the destination”.  Situated alongside resilience thinking, flux is a topic of heightened relevance within architectural thinking, yet it has received very little attention. This thesis proposes responsive approaches to accommodating flux, through ‘static’ architectural forms. By introducing a series of hybrid and connected structures, architectural form is developed symbiotically with function, as a means of exploring operative forms of architecture. Architectural responses to flux have been primarily researched through design. The design outcome is a connected network of visitor facilities that acts as an ‘instrument’ in the landscape, reorganising the flow of visitors. Six concrete pavilions, connected by pathways, collect and disperse visitors along the site, encouraging an immersion experience in the World-Heritage listed natural environment. The architecture is constructed of buried, floating, carved and balanced elements. This thesis presents an example of architecture that creates an experience of engaging with the landscape and not with the crowds.</p>

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