scholarly journals Investigating the heterogeneity of violent crimes: A descriptive analysis of offence characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emma Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Heterogeneous Sample ◽  
Pathways Model ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Violent Offences

<p>Informed by theories on offending behaviour, violent offender rehabilitation programmes aim to provide treatment to a group of individuals who have committed a diverse range of offences, from assault to aggravated robbery to murder. Yet despite progress with specific offence types (e.g., homicide, robbery, assault), there is no research describing the offence chain characteristics of such a heterogeneous sample of violent offences. This exploratory study uses the structured approach of the Pathways Model of Assault (PMA; Chambers, 2006) to code and catalogue similarities and differences in the offence characteristics of an archival heterogeneous sample of violent offences. Cluster analysis was also utilised to investigate whether it was possible to construct a parsimonious series of pathways to represent the offence process for this diverse sample. The resultant model, the Pathways Model of Violent Offences (PMVO) was constructed and 12 pathways were revealed. The results suggest that upon initial investigation, there appear to be common, shared characteristics among a heterogeneous sample of violent offences.</p>

scholarly journals Investigating the heterogeneity of violent crimes: A descriptive analysis of offence characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emma Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Heterogeneous Sample ◽  
Pathways Model ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Violent Offences

<p>Informed by theories on offending behaviour, violent offender rehabilitation programmes aim to provide treatment to a group of individuals who have committed a diverse range of offences, from assault to aggravated robbery to murder. Yet despite progress with specific offence types (e.g., homicide, robbery, assault), there is no research describing the offence chain characteristics of such a heterogeneous sample of violent offences. This exploratory study uses the structured approach of the Pathways Model of Assault (PMA; Chambers, 2006) to code and catalogue similarities and differences in the offence characteristics of an archival heterogeneous sample of violent offences. Cluster analysis was also utilised to investigate whether it was possible to construct a parsimonious series of pathways to represent the offence process for this diverse sample. The resultant model, the Pathways Model of Violent Offences (PMVO) was constructed and 12 pathways were revealed. The results suggest that upon initial investigation, there appear to be common, shared characteristics among a heterogeneous sample of violent offences.</p>

Crime index trends and patterns in Kelantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Nurulhuda Muhamad ◽  
Zahayu Md Yusof ◽  
Masnita Misiran
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crime Index

Crimes are a social nuisance and has become major anxiousness to the society where it involves the safety of the people in a country. This paper provides crime index overview in Kelantan from 2017 to 2019 that consists of both violent crimes and property crimes. The violent crimes involve murder, rape, robbery and voluntarily injury cases. Meanwhile, property crimes include house break-in theft, vehicles theft and other theft (pickpocketing, snatch theft and etc.). The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between age, gender, ethnic and district with the crime index. In addition, the objective is to identify and get better understanding of the most common crime index and also to identify which area has the highest crime index in Kelantan. A total of 5,569 cases were reported within this three-year period and the data were collected from Kelantan Contingent Police Headquarters. The descriptive analysis, spearman’ rho correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed, and the findings were then illustrated via graphs and tables. The major results have shown that Kota Bharu has the highest crime index and age, gender and district has significant relationship with crime index.

scholarly journals Keeping violent offender rehabilitation on track: How the diffusion and redirecting of attentional focus/mood work in the GRIP program

2020 ◽  
pp. 147332502092191
Author(s):  
Bowen Paulle ◽  
Alex van der Zeeuw
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Somatic Awareness ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
Social Work Interventions ◽  
Operational Excellence

There is an urgent need to understand how programming inside prisons can facilitate rehabilitation and reentry processes, especially among men convicted of violent offenses. GRIP (Guiding Rage into Power) is a year-long “Offender Accountability” program presently spreading through the California prison system. GRIP is a group-therapy and trauma-healing program that follows a somatic-awareness-centered model. We use audiovisual data to investigate the sequenced, second-to-second inner workings of what actually constitutes operational excellence in this evidence-based in-prison rehabilitation program. Making use of interaction ritual theory and conversation analysis, we demonstrate how two processes—the diffusion and the redirecting of attentional focus/mood—transpire in GRIP classrooms. The conclusion argues that these two processes may be the “hidden” building blocks, or what is lacking, in countless rehabilitation programs and other social work interventions—both inside and outside of correctional facilities.

scholarly journals Results of a portfolio approach to intramural research funding at an academic medical center

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241425
Author(s):  
Anu Swaminathan ◽  
Frank S. David ◽  
Lauren N. Geary ◽  
Jacqueline M. Slavik
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Federal Grant ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Grant Programs ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Funding Program

In response to stagnant Federal grant funding levels and to catalyze early stage or high-risk research not currently supported by the NIH, many academic medical centers (AMCs) provide supplemental intramural funding to faculty investigators. However, it can be challenging to decide how to deploy these funds for maximum impact. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive analysis to explore trends in applications and awards associated with an institution-wide intramural funding center at a major U.S. AMC. From 2010 to 2017, the Brigham Research Institute at Brigham and Women’s Hospital awarded a total of 354 grants totaling over $9 million to affiliated researchers through six distinct and complementary grant programs. The number of applicants remained essentially stable, despite expansion of the funding program portfolio. Distribution of applicants and awardees by academic rank and gender generally reflected that of medical school faculty at large. This descriptive analysis demonstrates interest in a diverse range of intramural funding programs among AMC faculty, and a lack of overt rank or gender bias in the programs’ awardees. However, it highlights the institution’s need to better understand the amount of residual unmet demand for intramural funding; the degree to which underrepresented constituencies can and should be actively supported; and the “return on investment” of these grants.

Community-based Health Promotion: An Analysis of Projects Conducted by Divisions of General Practice

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Naccarella
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Individual Service

A descriptive analysis of community-based health promotion projects conducted by Divisions of General Practice between 1993 and 1994 and in 1996 is provided, and their design, evaluation, impact and appropriateness are considered. A total of 55 community-based health promotion projects were funded between 1993 and 1994. Analysis of the 1993 and 1994 projects revealed that: most project goals and objectives lacked clarity and measurability; almost all projects undertook some form of needs assessment; projects tended not to be targeted; participation rates and reporting varied greatly; and project evaluations were designed to measure process and impact at the individual level, rather than on a system wide level. Fifty comparable community-based health promotion projects were funded in 1996.An analysis of project proposals revealed that they were designed on the whole to be more targeted, intersectoral, collaborative and to use multiple settings and strategies than their 1993 and 1994 counterparts. Projects have increased the visibility and capacity of general practitioners (GPs) to engage in community-based health promotion, and provide evidence that they can do more than individual service provision activities, such as community-based health promotion in a diverse range of settings, and with a broad range of population groups.

Adolescent Violence Towards Parents: A Case of Specialisation?

Youth Justice ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-221
Author(s):  
Lauren Grace Moulds ◽  
Richelle Mayshak ◽  
Helen Mildred ◽  
Andrew Day ◽  
Peter Miller
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
The South ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Adolescent Violence ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Role Of Parents

Adolescent violence towards parents (AVTP) is a form of family violence that tests family relationships and the role of parents and can have lasting impacts on all members of families. This study aimed to explore typologies of AVTP offenders based on their criminal justice system involvement, as well as explore differences between groups of AVTP based on their offending. Data were collated by the South Australian Office of Crime, Statistics and Research (OCSAR) in 2017 and included young people who had been apprehended by the South Australian Police between 2008 and 2012 for violence against a parent or step parent. There were a total of 305 young people included in the study, ranging in age from 10 to 17 years. The study found that there were three different groups of AVTP offenders: AVTP offenders, AVTP non-violent offenders who have committed other non-violent crimes and AVTP violent offender who have committed other violent crimes outside of their AVTP offence. Findings suggested that an AVTP offence in isolation is a rarity, and most AVTP offenders commit other non-violent or violent offending. The study concluded that AVTP may be a function of general anti-sociality and occur within the context of a pattern of violent or deviant behaviour, as opposed to a specialist, targeted, isolated incidence of violence.

The Assault Awareness Course and New Drivers’ Initiative; Groupwork programmes for young people convicted of violent and vehicle offences

Groupwork ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Pete Wallis ◽  
Leeann McLellan ◽  
Kathryn Clothier ◽  
Jenny Malpass
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empathic Response ◽  
Harm To Others ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
Car Crime ◽  
Taking Responsibility ◽  
Violent Offences

<p><i>At the point that someone commits a crime and causes deliberate harm to others, that person must by definition have behaved irresponsibly and shown little or no empathy for their victims. Following the offence they may continue to avoid taking responsibility, hiding behind excuses to minimise their culpability and shift the blame on others – in order to avoid unpleasant consequences for themselves. Many will not consider the suffering to which their behaviour has led. Offending behaviour and restorative justice interventions will succeed only to the extent that a perpetrator is willing to accept responsibility for their part in their crime and shows some empathy for those they harmed. Oxfordshire Youth Offending Service has developed two innovative groupwork programmes, one for young people who have committed violent offences and the other for car crime. These programmes are designed to challenge participants to be accountable and provide conditions for an empathic response towards their victims.</i></p>

scholarly journals Skill mix in primary care: the scale and distribution of skill mix in GP practice across England

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp19X702869
Author(s):  
Imelda McDermott ◽  
Sharon Spooner ◽  
Jon Gibson ◽  
Matt Sutton ◽  
Mark Hann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Skill Mix ◽  
Practice Level ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
The Government

BackgroundDecades of under investment in primary care and inattention to suboptimal recruitment and retention of GPs and nurses have contributed to a workforce crisis. The General Practice Forward View sets out how the government is planning to achieve a strengthened model of general practice. A key element of this proposal is to expand the workforce by employing an increasingly diverse range of practitioners i.e. ‘skill mix’. The commitment to broadening skill mix in primary care is reiterated in the NHS Long Term Plan (LTP), with the announcement of a 5-year deal to boost investment in primary care. A significant proportion of this investment focuses on increasing the number of ‘new’ roles such as clinical pharmacists, physiotherapists, physician associates, and paramedics.AimThis presentation offers an early analysis of the scale and distribution of current skill mix in general practice across England. This is part of a wider study about how skill mix is affecting outcomes, costs, and experiences of healthcare in England.MethodDescriptive analysis of a longitudinal practice-level workforce data set using the practice-level workforce Minimum Data Set (wMDS).ResultsWe will present early findings about how staffing has changed and average changes within a region or a clinical commissioning group.ConclusionThese data will indicate the extent of progress towards achievement of the LTP vision of skill mix employment. Findings will inform our future analysis of the structures, contexts, and processes of these new ways of working and provide policymakers, commissioners, and practices with evidence about the wider effects of skill mix.

Functional amyloid: widespread in Nature, diverse in purpose

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi L.L. Pham ◽  
Ann H. Kwan ◽  
Margaret Sunde
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation ◽  
Functional Amyloid ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Functional Amyloids ◽  
Micro Organisms

Amyloids are insoluble fibrillar protein deposits with an underlying cross-β structure initially discovered in the context of human diseases. However, it is now clear that the same fibrillar structure is used by many organisms, from bacteria to humans, in order to achieve a diverse range of biological functions. These functions include structure and protection (e.g. curli and chorion proteins, and insect and spider silk proteins), aiding interface transitions and cell–cell recognition (e.g. chaplins, rodlins and hydrophobins), protein control and storage (e.g. Microcin E492, modulins and PMEL), and epigenetic inheritance and memory [e.g. Sup35, Ure2p, HET-s and CPEB (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein)]. As more examples of functional amyloid come to light, the list of roles associated with functional amyloids has continued to expand. More recently, amyloids have also been implicated in signal transduction [e.g. RIP1/RIP3 (receptor-interacting protein)] and perhaps in host defence [e.g. aDrs (anionic dermaseptin) peptide]. The present chapter discusses in detail functional amyloids that are used in Nature by micro-organisms, non-mammalian animals and mammals, including the biological roles that they play, their molecular composition and how they assemble, as well as the coping strategies that organisms have evolved to avoid the potential toxicity of functional amyloid.

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