scholarly journals Chronological Evolution of the Urashima Taro Story and its Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yoshihiko Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Illustrated Books ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
Woodblock Printing

<p>The present thesis examines the evolution of the Urashima story. In modern Japan traditional Japanese tales have been presented in the form of illustrated books for young children. It is generally regarded that these tales contain common motifs or moral lessons; however, the Urashima story, one of the most well-known stories in Japan, seems to differ greatly from other folktales.  Scholars believe that the Urashima story was a popular pre-written orality-based story among the coastal dwelling ama group of people in ancient times in Japan. The introduction of a writing system from China made it possible to record the Urashima story as a written text.  However, the first recorded version of the Urashima story, putatively in the late seventh century, was quite different from later versions in terms of plot, purpose and the characters. The ideology of immortality, suggesting Chinese Daoist origins, was the main purpose of the story for several centuries, overlain by Buddhist influences.  The present study finds that the major turning point in the tale from an orality-based story to a literary text was in Otogizōshi in the Muromachi Period (14th–16th centuries), when people still seemed to be attuned to orality-based puns and the satirical and witty use of word plays through the exchange of songs.  During the ensuing Edo Period, the Urashima story was transformed into a book for reading material. It changed at this time due to social developments, such as the widespread manufacture of paper and the technological development of woodblock printing. A shift in its themes and motifs such as immortality to Buddhist and social moral lessons occurred along with changing the cultural values of society, increase in literacy, and the appearance of new genres of literature and their writers in the Edo Period.  The establishment of the formal compulsory education system in the Meiji Period, accompanied by a shift in readership from educated adults to school children, further changed the story and its purpose, and resulted in the standardisation of the Urashima Tarō story that is well known today. Much of the well-known content of the current Urashima story in modern day Japan has appeared only within the last 150 years.  Therefore, from this thesis it is apparent that the Urashima story evolved as a reflection of Japanese society’s changing views. In short, this study identifies and analyses significant changes to the original recorded story that have appeared over the past fourteen hundred years.</p>

scholarly journals Chronological Evolution of the Urashima Taro Story and its Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yoshihiko Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Illustrated Books ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
Woodblock Printing

<p>The present thesis examines the evolution of the Urashima story. In modern Japan traditional Japanese tales have been presented in the form of illustrated books for young children. It is generally regarded that these tales contain common motifs or moral lessons; however, the Urashima story, one of the most well-known stories in Japan, seems to differ greatly from other folktales.  Scholars believe that the Urashima story was a popular pre-written orality-based story among the coastal dwelling ama group of people in ancient times in Japan. The introduction of a writing system from China made it possible to record the Urashima story as a written text.  However, the first recorded version of the Urashima story, putatively in the late seventh century, was quite different from later versions in terms of plot, purpose and the characters. The ideology of immortality, suggesting Chinese Daoist origins, was the main purpose of the story for several centuries, overlain by Buddhist influences.  The present study finds that the major turning point in the tale from an orality-based story to a literary text was in Otogizōshi in the Muromachi Period (14th–16th centuries), when people still seemed to be attuned to orality-based puns and the satirical and witty use of word plays through the exchange of songs.  During the ensuing Edo Period, the Urashima story was transformed into a book for reading material. It changed at this time due to social developments, such as the widespread manufacture of paper and the technological development of woodblock printing. A shift in its themes and motifs such as immortality to Buddhist and social moral lessons occurred along with changing the cultural values of society, increase in literacy, and the appearance of new genres of literature and their writers in the Edo Period.  The establishment of the formal compulsory education system in the Meiji Period, accompanied by a shift in readership from educated adults to school children, further changed the story and its purpose, and resulted in the standardisation of the Urashima Tarō story that is well known today. Much of the well-known content of the current Urashima story in modern day Japan has appeared only within the last 150 years.  Therefore, from this thesis it is apparent that the Urashima story evolved as a reflection of Japanese society’s changing views. In short, this study identifies and analyses significant changes to the original recorded story that have appeared over the past fourteen hundred years.</p>

Reflections on the social epidemiologic dimension of health technology assessment

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminée Kazanjian
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
The Social

Certain key parameters such as safety, efficacy, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness have long been established as key in HTA analysis. Equally important, however, are sociolegal and epidemiologic perspectives. A comprehensive analytic framework will consider the implications of using a technology in the context of societal norms, cultural values, and social institutions and relations. The methodology in which this expanded framework has been developed is termed ‘Strategic HTA’ to denote its power for the decision-making process. In addition to systematic reviews of published evidence, it incorporates analyses of the influence of dominant social relations on technological development and diffusion. This essay discusses the social epidemiologic aspects of health technology assessment, which includes factors such as sex and gender. It seeks to show how it is possible to bring data from wide-ranging disciplinary perspectives within the parameters of a single scientific inquiry; to draw from them scientifically defensible conclusions; and thereby to realize a deeper understanding of technology impact within a health care system. Armed with such an understanding, policy officials will be better prepared to resolve the competitive clamor of stakeholder voices, and to make the most “equitable” use of the available resources.

The Culture of Travel in Edo-Period Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Goree
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
The Road ◽  
Woodblock Printing

The expansion of travel transformed Japanese culture during the Edo period (1603–1867). After well over a century of political turmoil, unprecedented stability under Tokugawa rule established the conditions for men and women from all levels of the hierarchical society to travel safely for purposes as varied as the cultural consequences of a country increasingly on the move. Starting in the first half of the 17th century, institutionalized forms of compulsory travel for the highest-ranking samurai and a limited number of elite foreigners made for conspicuous political spectacle and prompted the Tokugawa shogunate to develop and maintain an extensive system of roads, post-towns, checkpoints, and sea routes. Prompted by the economic prosperity of the Genroku era (1688–1704) in the late 17th century, an ever-growing portion of the population, including commoners from cities and villages, took advantage of newfound leisure to embark on journeys for pilgrimage, medical treatment, and sightseeing. This change was accompanied by the expansion of tourism, which grew into a sophisticated commercial enterprise in the 18th century. Poets, writers, painters, performers, and scholars took to the road throughout the Edo period for artistic and intellectual pursuits, often as teachers or students, generating and spreading culture where they went. With an astonishing output of travel literature, guidebooks, maps, and woodblock prints featuring landscapes, a thriving commercial publishing industry, which first blossomed in the Genroku era, used woodblock printing technology to popularize travel in increasingly diverse ways. Together with such influential forms of print, the things that people wore, packed, bought, enjoyed, and rode while traveling formed a rich body of material culture that reveals the lived experience of travel for the duration of Tokugawa rule.

scholarly journals Competencia digital e inclusión educativa. Visiones de profesorado, alumnado y familias

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (61) ◽  
Author(s):  
Montse Castro Rodríguez ◽  
Diana Marín Suelves ◽  
Héctor Sáiz
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Education Community ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Competencia Digital

La formación de la ciudadanía en competencia digital interesa a administraciones nacionales y supranacionales. En los últimos años se han invertido ingentes cantidades económicas en la dotación de infraestructura y en I+D+I para el desarrollo tecnológico en distintos sectores de la sociedad. La integración de dispositivos digitales en la sociedad ha impacto en las políticas educativas de muchos países, llevándolos a considerar la competencia digital como aspecto clave en la enseñanza obligatoria y esencial para la inclusión social. En este artículo, se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada en cuatro centros de Educación Primaria de Valencia y Galicia, reconocidos por su trayectoria innovadora en el uso de las TIC. El objetivo es identificar y analizar las visiones que la comunidad educativa de cada escuela tiene sobre la competencia digital que está adquiriendo el alumnado participante en prácticas educativas mediadas por TIC. Para la recogida de información se empleó metodología cualitativa, específicamente entrevistas a profesorado, familias y alumnado. Los resultados reflejan modelos diferentes de trabajo y conceptualización de la competencia digital. Todos ellos reconocen su relevancia para la inclusión en la sociedad del futuro y desmitifican su rol hegemónico en el aprendizaje escolar.   The training of citizens in digital competence is of interest to national and supranational administration. In recent years enormous amounts of money have been put into the provision of facilities and I+D+I for technological development in different sectors of society. The integration of digital devices in the industry, communication and society has had a profound impact on educational policies in many countries, making them consider the digital competence as a key in the compulsory education and essential to the social inclusion. This article shows the results of a research conducted in four primary schools from Valencia and Galicia that are recognized because of their innovative trajectory in the use of ICTs. The aim is to identify and analyse the visions of the education community members from each school about the digital competence which is being acquired by the students involved in educational practices mediated by ICTs. To collect the information, it was used a qualitative method based on interviews with teachers, families and students. The results reflect different work models and concepts about the digital competence. It is recognized that the ICTs are relevant to the inclusion in the society of tomorrow and it has been demystified their hegemonic role on school learning.

scholarly journals ESTRATÉGIA INFERENCIAL PARA LER O LIVRO ILUSTRADO

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-196
Author(s):  
Márcia Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Illustrated Books ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Book Illustrations ◽  
Narrative Spaces

De maneira geral a leitura de imagens no livro ilustrado ainda está relacionada à primazia da palavra e aos modos de ler em um conjunto de interdependências entre o texto escrito e as imagens. Para verificar a construção de sentidos advinda dessa relação, apresentamos a análise do livro Lá e aqui (2015), de Carolyna Moreyra, ilustrado por Odilon Moraes. Destacamos, a partir do espaço gráfico e narrativo, uma proposta de leitura permeada pelo uso das estratégias centradas em inferências, e ainda verificamos quais elementos plásticos estão dispostos no projeto gráfico e na composição do diálogo entre texto e imagem. Esses aspectos foram explorados seguindo as diretrizes de Oliveira (2008), que delimita uma primeira leitura estrutural como porta de entrada metodológica para a leitura de imagens. Para o estudo da aplicação das estratégias de inferência, tomamos Girotto e Souza (2011) e utilizamos os pressupostos inseridos na prática de leitura das palavras e na transposição de conceitos para a leitura das ilustrações do livro infantil. Palavras-chave: Livro ilustrado. Estratégias de leitura. Inferência. Odilon Moraes. INFERENTIAL STRATEGY TO READ ILLUSTRATED BOOKS Abstract: Generally, reading images in illustrated books is still related to the primacy of the word and to the ways of reading in a set of interdependencies between the written text and the images. To verify the construction of meanings derived from this relation, an analysis of Carolyna Moreyra's book, Lá e aqui (2015), illustrated by Odilon Moraes, was carried out. From the graphic and narrative spaces, a reading proposal, which includes the use of strategies focused on inferences, was made. Plastic elements which are arranged in the graphic design and the composition of the dialogue between text and image were also checked. These aspects were considered through the guidelines of Oliveira (2008), which sets a first structural reading as the methodological starting point to read images. Girotto and Souza (2011) was the basis for the study of the application of inference; assumptions inserted in the practice of reading words and in the transposition of concepts to read children's book illustrations were also used. Keywords: Illustrated book. Reading strategies. Inference. Odilon Moraes.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN WAJIB BELAJAR SEMBILAN TAHUN DI DESA KADUARA TIMUR SUMENEP MADURA

REFORMASI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Rini Aristin ◽  
Rina Nur Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government

This study relates to the implementation of the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 47 of 2008 concerning Compulsory Education in the village of Kaduara Timur Sumenep Madura. The researcher uses the implementation model Edward III that the success of the policy according to Edwards III is influenced by four factors, namely, communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucracy. As well as the Koentjoroningrat theory to analyze local cultural values, that according to the Koentjoroningrat elements of culture consist of: (1) language, (2) knowledge systems, (3) social systems or social organizations, (4) living equipment and technology systems, (5) livelihood systems, (6) religious systems, (7) arts. This research is a descriptive research type of qualitative approach. This study describes the community's perspective on education policy in terms of the existing local culture, there is an influence of local culture on the policy. This type of research is a case study, research subjects use purposive sampling and incidental sampling. The researcher acts as an instrument that goes directly to the field to obtain data as accurately as possible, while also using interview, observation and documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using an interactive model (interactive models of analysis) Miles and Huberman which has three main components are: data reduction, data presentation, and draw a conclusion / verification.. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Government Regulation on nine-year compulsory education in Kaduara Timur Village has been going well. This is evidenced by 60% of the villagers who have already and are currently undergoing a normal nine-year education. The success of the government is influenced by the local culture which is still thick but in addition to the local culture the values that develop through the advancement of science and technology also have a special effect on the way of thinking of the people of Kaduara Timur village which then affects the awareness of the people of Kaduara Timur of the importance of education, especially nine years of basic education

scholarly journals On written expression of primary school pupils

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Jelena Stevanovic ◽  
Slavica Maksic ◽  
Lazar Tenjovic
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Written Expression ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
General School ◽  
Primary School Pupils

Normative rules of standard Serbian language are acquired during primary and secondary education through curriculum demands of Serbian language instruction, which takes place in three fields: grammar, orthography and culture of expression. Topic of interest in this paper is the quality of written expression of 6th and 7th grade pupils, in the context of all three fields specified to be mastered by the curriculum of Serbian language. Research comprised 148 primary school pupils from Belgrade. Linguistic analysis of spontaneously created written text was performed, in the conditions where it was not explicitly demanded form the pupil to write correctly. The results indicate that the majority of pupils make spelling and grammatical errors, meeting the condition for the basic level of mastering the knowledge in Serbian language according to the standards specified for the end of compulsory education. In addition to this, a considerable majority of pupils has a satisfactory level of culture of written expression. Pupils more often make spelling than grammatical errors. Seventh grade pupils are better than sixth grade pupils with respect to adhering to grammar rules and according to culture of written expression, while the mark in Serbian language and general school achievement of pupils correlate only with the degree of adhering to the orthographic rules. It was concluded that not only individual programs of support for pupils who make more errors are necessary, but also launching national projects for the development of linguistic competence of the young in Serbia.

LITERASI MEDIA DIGITAL PADA PENGGUNAAN GADGET (Studi Deskriptif Penggunaan Gadget Pada Siswa SMK Broadcasting Bina Creative Medan Yang Berdampak Pada Pergeseran Nilai Kearifan Lokal)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Tonna Balya ◽  
Sri Pratiwi ◽  
Reza Prabudi
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Processing Information

<pre><em>The generation of digital children from birth was referred to as Digital native</em><em>, at the same times </em><em>people </em><em>who was </em><em>born </em><em>at </em><em>the first media age were referred to as digital immigrants.</em><em> </em><em>There are differences in thinking and how to use his mind between these two generations when processing information,</em><em> </em><em>the emergence of a new culture due to the use of digital media encourages changes in values in local culture.</em><em> </em><em>The general objective to be achieved in this study is to increase the awareness of teenagers that new cultures born as a result of new technological developments must be able to be balanced by having the awareness and ability to filter the new culture and still maintain the cultural values that have been inherited from ancestors as a form of one characteristic nations have many positive values. The method used in this study was  a qualitative method with descriptive analysis techniques,</em> <em>PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) and SWOT. The results of this research mention that; ability, and understanding of students, parents, and educators about how technology changes learning, playing, community</em> <em>then an understanding of the importance of critical discussion on technological development to the stages of new media literacy that should be carried out is still in its early stages (</em><em>just know it</em><em>) and not yet applied.</em></pre>

Social and Cultural Sphere and the Development of the Digital Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
S. T. Sagitov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Wave Development ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Impact

Digitalization affects all spheres and processes including socialization of personality, which were out of influence of digital technologies decades ago. At the same time, the science community analyses primarily the impact of digitalization on economy and IT sphere. There are less investigations of the new technologies’ influence on social and cultural sphere. Moreover, the scientists that research the spiritual life of our society leave it by the wayside. The prevailing opinion is that the digital technologies will be an impulse to the cultural Renaissance of Humankind.The article reports that the development of the social and cultural sphere is a critical part of the further technological development of the society. The wave development of the economy including the digital economy, depends on not only technologies, but on the cultural values. The success of the forth industrial revolution and its impact on the development of humankind are totally determined by the development of the culture, science and education.

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