scholarly journals Address terms in New Zealand English: Tracking changes to the social indexicality of gendered terms of address

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amy Giles-Mitson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Gender Neutrality ◽  
Address Terms ◽  
Free Status

<p>Recent research has suggested that some conventionally masculine address terms are becoming more gender neutral in English speaking countries. This study examines the four most prominent gendered address forms in New Zealand English: mate, bro, man and guys in order to gain insight into the terms’ social indexicalities, and track any shifts towards gender neutrality. The study takes a mixed-methods approach to analysing two distinct data sets: four corpora of spoken New Zealand English and a data set collected from a range of current media sources. Results from this study suggest that mate is in retreat in younger New Zealanders’ speech, while bro may be increasing in usage as an unmarked form. Results also suggest that both man and guys have a largely gender free status and are being used frequently in New Zealand. These findings contribute to the growing interest sociolinguists are taking in informal address terms by providing an analysis of the interactional and social functions of address forms in New Zealand English.</p>

scholarly journals Address terms in New Zealand English: Tracking changes to the social indexicality of gendered terms of address

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amy Giles-Mitson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Gender Neutrality ◽  
Address Terms ◽  
Free Status

<p>Recent research has suggested that some conventionally masculine address terms are becoming more gender neutral in English speaking countries. This study examines the four most prominent gendered address forms in New Zealand English: mate, bro, man and guys in order to gain insight into the terms’ social indexicalities, and track any shifts towards gender neutrality. The study takes a mixed-methods approach to analysing two distinct data sets: four corpora of spoken New Zealand English and a data set collected from a range of current media sources. Results from this study suggest that mate is in retreat in younger New Zealanders’ speech, while bro may be increasing in usage as an unmarked form. Results also suggest that both man and guys have a largely gender free status and are being used frequently in New Zealand. These findings contribute to the growing interest sociolinguists are taking in informal address terms by providing an analysis of the interactional and social functions of address forms in New Zealand English.</p>

The social wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) population dynamics in England over 39 years.

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Michael Archer
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Suction Traps

1. Yearly records of worker Vespula germanica (Fabricius) taken in suction traps at Silwood Park (28 years) and at Rothamsted Research (39 years) are examined. 2. Using the autocorrelation function (ACF), a significant negative 1-year lag followed by a lesser non-significant positive 2-year lag was found in all, or parts of, each data set, indicating an underlying population dynamic of a 2-year cycle with a damped waveform. 3. The minimum number of years before the 2-year cycle with damped waveform was shown varied between 17 and 26, or was not found in some data sets. 4. Ecological factors delaying or preventing the occurrence of the 2-year cycle are considered.

scholarly journals Wish You Were Here; A Short History of New Zealand Muslims and Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-370
Author(s):  
Abdullah Drury
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Short History ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World

The recent court case of the Australian terrorist responsible for murdering 51 worshippers inside two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, has focused attention on this South Pacific nation. Nation-building, with its inherent practices of inclusion and exclusion into the social hierarchy, began here in the nineteenth century and accelerated throughout the twentieth century. History of Muslims in New Zealand, or New Zealand Islam, is a rich narrative illustrative of tendencies and biases that are both common to, as well as divergent from, patterns elsewhere in the English speaking world and Western societies in general. The integration of Muslim immigrants and refugees, and converts to Islam, into this complex social bricolage, however, has been challenging and at times convoluted. This essay will support us to consider why and how this is the case.

Bracelets and Torcs

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-161
Author(s):  
Ellen Swift ◽  
Jo Stoner ◽  
April Pudsey
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The chapter illuminates how bracelets and torcs were used to construct social identities, and their importance as protective artefacts, using new evidence, particularly relating to diameter sizes, to question some previous interpretations of these artefacts. It starts with a preliminary discussion regarding identification and how these objects were worn. The data set of bracelets is then presented and evidence for dating of particular bracelet types is considered. Evidence for the use and social function of bracelets is then set out, particularly diameter sizes, which are shown to be important in identifying use by people at particular life course stages, for instance infants and children. Bracelets are shown to be especially common as a children’s item in Egypt, in contrast to other provinces. One particular type of bracelet, the amuletic disc bracelet, is shown to be associated with protection during pregnancy. The chapter then examines torcs, and following a literature review and discussion of dating evidence for particular types, it is established that most are of sixth- to seventh-century CE date. It is also shown that, contrary to established opinion, torcs do not have military associations in the late antique period, at least in Egypt. The diameter sizes of types of non-openable torcs instead show a strong bias to wear by infants and young children. The social functions of torcs are then discussed, which could include protection, status assertion, and signifier of dedication to a particular role. Other topics discussed include inheritance of these objects within families.

A Ccomparison of sedigraph and pipette methods for soil particle-size analysis

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Buchan ◽  
KS Grewal ◽  
JJ Claydon ◽  
RJ Mcpherson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Difference

The X-ray attenuation (Sedigraph) method for particle-size analysis is known to consistently estimate a finer size distribution than the pipette method. The objectives of this study were to compare the two methods, and to explore the reasons for their divergence. The methods are compared using two data sets from measurements made independently in two New Zealand laboratories, on two different sets of New Zealand soils, covering a range of textures and parent materials. The Sedigraph method gave systematically greater mass percentages at the four measurement diameters (20, 10, 5 and 2 �m). For one data set, the difference between clay (<2 �m) percentages from the two methods is shown to be positively correlated (R2 = 0.625) with total iron content of the sample, for all but one of the soils. This supports a novel hypothesis that the typically greater concentration of Fe (a strong X-ray absorber) in smaller size fractions is the major factor causing the difference. Regression equations are presented for converting the Sedigraph data to their pipette equivalents.

A simple model for ferret population dynamics and control in semi-arid New Zealand habitats

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Barlow ◽  
G. L. Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Over Time

Introduced ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand are subject to population control to reduce their threat to native fauna and the incidence of bovine tuberculosis (Tb) in livestock. To help in evaluating control options and to contribute to a multi-species model for Tb dynamics, a simple Ricker model was developed for ferret population dynamics in a semi-arid environment. The model was based on two data sets and suggested an intrinsic rate of increase for ferrets of 1.0–1.3 year–1 and a carrying capacity of 0.5–2.9 km–2. There was evidence for direct density-dependence in both data sets and the effect appeared to act mainly on recruitment. Dependence of the rate of increase of predators on the density of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was exhibited in one of the two data sets, together with a numerical response relating current density of predators asymptotically to current density of rabbits, their primary prey. Predators in this data set included both cats and ferrets, estimated from spotlight counts, but the other data set demonstrated a direct proportionality between predator (cat and ferret) spotlight counts and minimum ferrets known to be alive by trapping. The model suggested, firstly, that populations are hard to suppress by continuous culling, with at least a 50% removal per year necessary to effect a suppression of 50% in long-term average density. Secondly, if control is episodic rather than continuous, culling in autumn gives a greater degree of suppression over time (280%, accumulated over time) than culling in spring (180%). A differential equation version of the model provides a component for a general Anderson/May bovine Tb/wildlife (possum/deer/ferret) model.

The Abusive Society: A Review Essay

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Abuse Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
English Speaking

This essay reviews a recent book on a New Zealand child abuse case which has become well-known in that country. It uses the review to explore broader issues associated with the differing and controversial forms of child sexual abuse that have come into focus in some English speaking societies over the last 20 years and the social context which has made their emergence possible.

scholarly journals The 'goss' on Paul and Heather: Attitudes to celebrity and divorce in three NZ women's magazines

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
Rosemary Brewer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Women's Magazines ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scholarly Attention

In recent years the range of mass media available in New Zealand and the Pacific generally has come under increasing attention from scholars, notably in this journal. However, New Zealand women's magazines, although widely read, have not received the same depth of scholarly attention. On the social constructionist principle that close analysis of written texts can suggest much about the society in which they are embedded and the social functions they perform, this article examines 34 items about the separation of Paul McCartney ad Heather Mills from the New Zealand Women's Day, and New Idea from 3 June to 30 December 2006, to investigate the nature of gossip's appeal in general, and the magazines' attitudes to divorce in particular.

A length-based Bayesian stock assessment model for the New Zealand abalone Haliotis iris

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Breen ◽  
Susan W. Kim ◽  
Neil L. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Joint Posterior Distribution

We describe a length-based Bayesian model for stock assessment of the New Zealand abalone Haliotis iris (paua). We fitted the model to five data sets: catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and a fishery-independent survey index, proportions-at-length from both commercial catch sampling and population surveys, and tag–recapture data. We estimated a common component of error and used iterative re-weighting of the data sets to balance the residuals, removing the arbitrary data set weightings used in previous assessments. Estimates at the mode of the joint posterior distribution were used to explore sensitivity of the results to model assumptions and input data; the assessment itself was based on marginal posterior distributions estimated from Markov chain–Monte Carlo simulation. Assessments are presented for two stocks in the south of New Zealand. One may be recovering after recent catch reductions; the other is over-exploited and likely to decline further. Assessment for the first stock was robust; assessment for the second stock was sensitive to the CPUE data and may be too optimistic. We discuss future directions and potential problems with this approach.

scholarly journals What's in an elevation difference? Accuracy and corrections of satellite elevation data sets for quantification of glacier changes

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2013-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nuth ◽  
A. Kääb
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Aster Gdem ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Elevation Changes

Abstract. There is an increasing number of DEMs available worldwide for deriving elevation differences over time, including vertical changes on glaciers. Most of these DEMs are heavily post-processed or merged, so that physical error modelling becomes impossible and statistical error modelling is required instead. We propose a three-step methodological framework for assessing and correcting DEMs to quantify glacier elevation changes: remove DEM shifts, check for elevation-dependent biases, and check for higher-order, sensor-specific biases. An analytic, simple and robust method to co-register elevation data is presented in regions where stable terrain is either plentiful (case study New Zealand) or limited (case study Svalbard). The method is exemplified using the three global elevation data sets available, SRTM, ICESat and the ASTER GDEM, and with automatically generated DEMs from satellite stereo instruments of ASTER and SPOT5-HRS. After three-dimensional co-registration, significant biases related to elevation were found in some of the stereoscopic DEMs. Biases related to the satellite acquisition geometry (along/cross track) were detected at two frequencies in the automatically generated ASTER DEMs. The higher frequency bias seems to be related to satellite \\emph{jitter}, most effective in the back-looking pass of the satellite. The origins of the more significant lower frequency bias is uncertain. ICESat-derived elevations are found to be the most consistent globally available elevation data set available so far. Before performing regional-scale glacier elevation change studies or mosaicking DEMs from multiple individual tiles (e.g. ASTER GDEM), we recommend to co-register all elevation data to ICESat as a global vertical reference system. The proposed methodological framework is exemplified for elevation changes on the Fox, Franz Joseph, Tasman and Murchison glaciers of New Zealand and the glaciers of central Spitsbergen, Svalbard.

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