A Ccomparison of sedigraph and pipette methods for soil particle-size analysis

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Buchan ◽  
KS Grewal ◽  
JJ Claydon ◽  
RJ Mcpherson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Difference

The X-ray attenuation (Sedigraph) method for particle-size analysis is known to consistently estimate a finer size distribution than the pipette method. The objectives of this study were to compare the two methods, and to explore the reasons for their divergence. The methods are compared using two data sets from measurements made independently in two New Zealand laboratories, on two different sets of New Zealand soils, covering a range of textures and parent materials. The Sedigraph method gave systematically greater mass percentages at the four measurement diameters (20, 10, 5 and 2 �m). For one data set, the difference between clay (<2 �m) percentages from the two methods is shown to be positively correlated (R2 = 0.625) with total iron content of the sample, for all but one of the soils. This supports a novel hypothesis that the typically greater concentration of Fe (a strong X-ray absorber) in smaller size fractions is the major factor causing the difference. Regression equations are presented for converting the Sedigraph data to their pipette equivalents.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for rapid screening of particle size in soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maame Croffie ◽  
Paul N. Williams ◽  
Owen Fenton ◽  
Anna Fenelon ◽  
Karen Daly
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray

&lt;p&gt;Soil texture is an essential factor for effective land management in agricultural production. Knowledge of soil texture and particle size at field scale can aid with on-going soil management decisions. Standard soil physical and gravimetric methods for particle size analysis are time-consuming and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) provides a rapid and cost-effective alternative. The objective of this study was to explore the use of XRF as a predictor for particle size. An extensive archive of Irish soils with particle size and soil texture data was used to select samples for XRF analysis. Regression and correlation analyses on XRF determined results showed that the relationship between Rb and % clay varied with soil type and was dependent on the parent material. There was a strong relationship (R &gt; 0.62, R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&gt;0.30, p&lt;0.05) between Rb and clay for soils originating from bedrock such as limestones and slate. Contrastingly, no significant relationship (R&lt;0.03, R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.00, p&gt;0.05) exists between Rb and % clay for soils originating from granite and gneiss. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation (p&lt;0.05) between Rb and % sand. The XRF is a useful technique for rough screening of particle size distribution in soils originating from certain parent materials. Thus, this may contribute to the rapid prediction of soil texture based on knowledge of the particle size distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles by High Potential Electrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy Kurniawan ◽  
Rahmi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Reaction Engineering ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoparticles Synthesis ◽  
The Fourier Transform

SnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by high voltage electrolysis. Tin bare was used for anode and cathode. The effect of potentials and electrolyte were studied. The particles obtained after electrolysis was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The diffractogram is in agreement with the standard diffraction pattern of SnO2 which is identified as tetragonal structure. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicates that there is a vibration of Sn–O asymmetric at 580 cm-1. The optimum potential for SnO2 nanoparticles synthesis is 60 V at 0.06 M HCl which shows the highest UV-Vis spectrum. The absorption peak of SnO2 nanoparticles by UV-Vis spectrophotometer appears at about 207 nm. The particle size analysis shows that the SnO2 nanoparticles obtained have the size distribution in a range of 25-150 nm with the highest volume at 83.11 nm. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 15th November 2016; Revised: 26th February 2017; Accepted: 27th February 2017How to Cite: Rahmi, R., Kurniawan, F. (2017). Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles by High Potential Electrolysis. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (2): 281-286 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.773.281-286)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.2.773.281-286 

The Evaporative Decomposition of Solutions Method (Eds) for the Production of Ultrafine Y1Ba2Cu3O7 from Nitrate and Mixed Anion Precursor Solutions

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rollin E. Lakis ◽  
Sidney R. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractY1Ba2Cu3O7 has been prepared by the evaporative decomposition of solutions method. Nitrate and mixed anion solutions were atomized and decomposed at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 950°C. The resulting materials have been characterized using x-ray powder diffraction, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The powder consists of 0.3 micron agglomerated hollow spheres with a primary particle size of 0.06 micron. TGA and x-ray diffraction indicate the presence of barium nitrate and barium carbonate due to incomplete decomposition and/or product contamination by the process environment.

Characterization and Granulometric Correction Soil for the Production of Soil-Cement Blocks for Two Method, Particle Size and X-Ray Florescence to be Inserted in Phase Change Materials (PCMS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Bezerra Dantas ◽  
U.U. Gomes ◽  
A.B. Vital ◽  
G.S. Marinho ◽  
Ariadne de Souza Silva
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Cement

This paper presents the results of tests for characterization of soil samples collected in Mossoró-RN, UFERSA-RN Campus (5 ° 12'34 .68 "South latitude, 37 ° 19 '5.74 "west longitude), for the purpose of producing soil-cement for the manufacture of pressed blocks. Objective of improving the quality of soil-cement, and provide conditions for the use of the soil making it ideal for the production of soil-cement block. Tests of compaction, particle size analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit and correct particle size, X-ray fluorescence and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was concluded that the soil needs correction particle size, due to the high clay content. The method combined grading, sieving, sedimentation and blooming X-ray as the fastest and most accurate in correcting soil particle size.

Phase and Particle Size Analysis of SnO2 Nanomaterials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
Nor Diyana Abdul Aziz ◽  
Kelimah Elong ◽  
Norlida Kamarulzaman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Annealed Sample ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Sizer

Tin Oxide (SnO2) is a metal oxide which has many applications in industry. In this study, SnO2 powders were synthesized by a self-propagating combustion (SPC) method. The product was annealed at 800 °C for 12 and 24 h before characterizing with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for phase studies. X-Ray Diffraction results showed that both samples are pure of tetragonal structure with space group P42/mnm. The sample annealed at a longer period, that is, 24 h, shows a higher degree of crystallinity compared to the 12 h annealed sample. It also shows a smaller full width at half maximum (FWHM), indicating larger crystallite size for the 24 h annealed sample. The particle size analysis reveals that there are two groups of particle size distributions for both samples. SEM results give values that are different from the particle sizer results due to the different nature of the measurement methods.

Mechano-chemical effects on surface properties and molybdate exchange on hydrotalcite

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bonifacio-Martínez ◽  
J. Serrano-Gómez ◽  
Ma. Del Carmen López-Reyes ◽  
F. Granados-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Effects

AbstractThe effects of mechano-chemical treatment on the surface characteristics and sorption properties of hydrotalcite were studied. Non-milled (crushed) and milled samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis and specific area. A milling time of 2 h decreased the particle size of the hydrotalcite samples from 21 to 8.0 nm, the specific area from 97 to 5.7 m2 g–1 and the total pore volume from 0.41 to 0.01 cm3. After the crushed and milled samples had been separately calcined at 500ºC, they were agitated with 10–2 M Na2MoO4 aqueous solutions for 48 h. The molybdate ion content in the regenerated non-milled hydrotalcite samples (HTc-MoO4) was found to be 6.0 meq g–1 while in the milled hydrotalcite (HTm-MoO4) samples this content was 2.5 meq g–1. The lower molybdate content was thought to be a result of compaction and, hence, reduced reactivity of the milled HT samples.

scholarly journals Synthesis of ZnO-CdO Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
N. Sahu ◽  
◽  
R. K. Duchaniya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ZnO-CdO nanocomposite was prepared by sol-gel method by using their respective nitrates. It is a simple and low cost method to prepare nanocomposites. The drying temperature and drying period of prepared gel was varied during the synthesis process. The prepared samples were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) to get surface morphology, idea of getting particle of nanosized range so that further characterizations can be done, to study the optical property of synthesized nanocomposite and measure the band gap . The grain size determined by Scherrer’s formula was found to be between 30-50 nm.

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