scholarly journals Localised population collapse of the invasive brown alga, Undaria pinnatifida: Twenty years of monitoring on Wellington's south coast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cody Lorkin
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Undaria Pinnatifida ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Invasion Front ◽  
The World

<p>Invasive species pose a significant threat to marine environments around the world. Monitoring and research of invasive species is needed to provide direction for management programmes. This thesis is a continuation of research conducted on the invasive alga Undaria pinnatifida following its discovery on Wellington’s south coast in 1997. By compiling the results from previous monitoring surveys (1997-2000 and 2008) and carrying out additional seasonal surveys in 2018, I investigate the distribution and spread of U. pinnatifida on Wellington’s south coast, how this may have changed over time and what impacts it may have had on native macroalgal and invertebrate grazer communities. Intertidal macroalgal composition and U. pinnatifida abundance was recorded on fifteen occasions between 1997 and 2018 at two sites at Island Bay and two sites at Owhiro Bay. In addition, the subtidal abundance of six invertebrate grazers was recorded eight times within the same sampling period. Microtopography was also measured at each site to determine if topography had an influence on macroalgal composition. From 1997 to 2000 U. pinnatifida abundance gradually increased per year, but its spread remained localised to Island Bay. In 2008 U. pinnatifida had spread westward to Owhiro Bay where it was highly abundant. However, in 2018 no U. pinnatifida was recorded at any of the sites indicating a collapse of the invasion front. Further investigation revealed that U. pinnatifida was still present along the south coast with the nearest population only 500 m away from the nearest study site. The cause of the U. pinnatifida collapse is not known for certain, but it is unlikely that biotic resistance in the form of competitive exclusion or grazing or a change in environmental parameters such as temperature or nutrient concentration were contributing factors. It is speculated that the collapse arose from a multitude of confounding effects of which further research is needed to identify the exact cause. U. pinnatifida had no impact on macroalgal or grazer community composition. Additionally, microtopography also had no significant impact on macroalgal composition. This study reports the first ever invasion front collapse of U. pinnatifida in the world, and as a result, provides a new insight on U. pinnatifida distribution and invasion ecology. These findings can assist in predicting the future spread of U. pinnatifida populations as well as aid in formulation of new management strategies.</p>

scholarly journals Localised population collapse of the invasive brown alga, Undaria pinnatifida: Twenty years of monitoring on Wellington's south coast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cody Lorkin
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Undaria Pinnatifida ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Invasion Front ◽  
The World

<p>Invasive species pose a significant threat to marine environments around the world. Monitoring and research of invasive species is needed to provide direction for management programmes. This thesis is a continuation of research conducted on the invasive alga Undaria pinnatifida following its discovery on Wellington’s south coast in 1997. By compiling the results from previous monitoring surveys (1997-2000 and 2008) and carrying out additional seasonal surveys in 2018, I investigate the distribution and spread of U. pinnatifida on Wellington’s south coast, how this may have changed over time and what impacts it may have had on native macroalgal and invertebrate grazer communities. Intertidal macroalgal composition and U. pinnatifida abundance was recorded on fifteen occasions between 1997 and 2018 at two sites at Island Bay and two sites at Owhiro Bay. In addition, the subtidal abundance of six invertebrate grazers was recorded eight times within the same sampling period. Microtopography was also measured at each site to determine if topography had an influence on macroalgal composition. From 1997 to 2000 U. pinnatifida abundance gradually increased per year, but its spread remained localised to Island Bay. In 2008 U. pinnatifida had spread westward to Owhiro Bay where it was highly abundant. However, in 2018 no U. pinnatifida was recorded at any of the sites indicating a collapse of the invasion front. Further investigation revealed that U. pinnatifida was still present along the south coast with the nearest population only 500 m away from the nearest study site. The cause of the U. pinnatifida collapse is not known for certain, but it is unlikely that biotic resistance in the form of competitive exclusion or grazing or a change in environmental parameters such as temperature or nutrient concentration were contributing factors. It is speculated that the collapse arose from a multitude of confounding effects of which further research is needed to identify the exact cause. U. pinnatifida had no impact on macroalgal or grazer community composition. Additionally, microtopography also had no significant impact on macroalgal composition. This study reports the first ever invasion front collapse of U. pinnatifida in the world, and as a result, provides a new insight on U. pinnatifida distribution and invasion ecology. These findings can assist in predicting the future spread of U. pinnatifida populations as well as aid in formulation of new management strategies.</p>

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

Career Counselling Effectiveness and Contributing Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Whiston
Keyword(s):  
Career Choice ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Career Counselling ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Meta Analyses

This chapter explores the research related to whether career counselling is effective for individuals with vocational issues. In particular, there is considerable empirical support for career counselling related to career choice issues and searching for employment. Hence, practitioners can use this evidence to convince administrators, policymakers, parents, students, and other constituencies of the worth of career counselling. In addition, the chapter provides empirical evidence that practitioners can use to improve their effectiveness in working with people with career issues. This discussion mainly focuses on the results from older and newer meta-analyses regarding the ingredients that have a significant influence on effect sizes or the critical ingredients in career counselling. For example, there is considerable evidence that support from individuals, including the counsellor, may play an important role in the effectiveness of career counselling. Other factors that contribute to effective practice are also identified and discussed. The chapter further explores the need for additional research that addresses the most effective methods for providing career counselling. As the world of work becomes increasingly complex, it is important that researchers continue to explore the most effective strategies for assisting people in finding satisfying, meaningful, and productive work.

scholarly journals Relationships between Environmental Factors and Pathogenic Vibrios in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (21) ◽  
pp. 7076-7084 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Johnson ◽  
A. R. Flowers ◽  
N. F. Noriea ◽  
A. M. Zimmerman ◽  
J. C. Bowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Pathogenicity Factor ◽  
Hemolysin Gene ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrios ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

ABSTRACT Although autochthonous vibrio densities are known to be influenced by water temperature and salinity, little is understood about other environmental factors associated with their abundance and distribution. Densities of culturable Vibrio vulnificus containing vvh (V. vulnificus hemolysin gene) and V. parahaemolyticus containing tlh (thermolabile hemolysin gene, ubiquitous in V. parahaemolyticus), tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin gene, V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity factor), and trh (tdh-related hemolysin gene, V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity factor) were measured in coastal waters of Mississippi and Alabama. Over a 19-month sampling period, vibrio densities in water, oysters, and sediment varied significantly with sea surface temperature (SST). On average, tdh-to-tlh ratios were significantly higher than trh-to-tlh ratios in water and oysters but not in sediment. Although tlh densities were lower than vvh densities in water and in oysters, the opposite was true in sediment. Regression analysis indicated that SST had a significant association with vvh and tlh densities in water and oysters, while salinity was significantly related to vibrio densities in the water column. Chlorophyll a levels in the water were correlated significantly with vvh in sediment and oysters and with pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus (tdh and trh) in the water column. Furthermore, turbidity was a significant predictor of V. parahaemolyticus density in all sample types (water, oyster, and sediment), and its role in predicting the risk of V. parahaemolyticus illness may be more important than previously realized. This study identified (i) culturable vibrios in winter sediment samples, (ii) niche-based differences in the abundance of vibrios, and (iii) predictive signatures resulting from correlations between environmental parameters and vibrio densities.

scholarly journals Port Greening: Discrete Choice Analysis Investigation on Environmental Parameters Affecting Container Shipping Companies’ Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7010
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Franchi ◽  
Thierry Vanelslander
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Discrete Choice Analysis ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Ecological Performance ◽  
Port Operations ◽  
Choice Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Green Port

For centuries, ports have functioned as an economic engine, facilitating maritime transport, offering prosperity and social development to the host communities. Ports are gateways for international trade playing a vital role in the world economy, but it is not excluded that port operations can also have adverse effects on the environment. Air and water emissions, marine sediments, noise, waste generation, loss and degradation of terrestrial habitats and changes to marine ecosystems are just some of the leading environmental challenges with port’s operations. Environmental management within port operations has been a rapidly growing trend, with many ports around the world adopting different types of approaches and initiatives to improve ecological performance. Despite that many ports around the world have implemented greening strategies for growth and sustainable development, there are still many other ports that work less than they should do on environmental aspects and on the generation of ‘green ports’. These latter have fallen behind in the development of the theme. Therefore, the work reported here aims at analyzing what the best way to act should be, even starting from the beginning for a port that is not very innovative, in order to pursue the practical and theoretical levels of ‘green port’.

scholarly journals Taxonomy, Conservation, and the Future of Native Aquatic Snails in the Hawaiian Islands

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Carl C. Christensen ◽  
Kenneth A. Hayes ◽  
Norine W. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Endangered Species Act ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
The World ◽  
Threatened Habitats ◽  
Life On Earth

Freshwater systems are among the most threatened habitats in the world and the biodiversity inhabiting them is disappearing quickly. The Hawaiian Archipelago has a small but highly endemic and threatened group of freshwater snails, with eight species in three families (Neritidae, Lymnaeidae, and Cochliopidae). Anthropogenically mediated habitat modifications (i.e., changes in land and water use) and invasive species (e.g., Euglandina spp., non-native sciomyzids) are among the biggest threats to freshwater snails in Hawaii. Currently, only three species are protected either federally (U.S. Endangered Species Act; Erinna newcombi) or by Hawaii State legislation (Neritona granosa, and Neripteron vespertinum). Here, we review the taxonomic and conservation status of Hawaii’s freshwater snails and describe historical and contemporary impacts to their habitats. We conclude by recommending some basic actions that are needed immediately to conserve these species. Without a full understanding of these species’ identities, distributions, habitat requirements, and threats, many will not survive the next decade, and we will have irretrievably lost more of the unique books from the evolutionary library of life on Earth.

Locomotor performance in an invasive species: cane toads from the invasion front have greater endurance, but not speed, compared to conspecifics from a long-colonised area

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Llewelyn ◽  
Benjamin L. Phillips ◽  
Ross A. Alford ◽  
Lin Schwarzkopf ◽  
Richard Shine
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Invasion Front

scholarly journals Creating better humans towards sustainable competitive advantage for small and medium-sized accounting firms in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Louis Lim Vui Han ◽  
Vijayesvaran Arumugam ◽  
Lawrence Arokiasamy
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Almost All

This study will be a bit different than others in the sense that it pierces directly into the human hearts. The world current economy is full of mysterious and uncertainty. There are plenty of different perspectives, but who can guarantee that they are right? The root of the problems of all issues generally come from the human heart or action. If we able to deal with human issues, it sorts out almost all the problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the contributing factors towards the sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) of small and medium-sized accounting firms (SMPs) in Malaysia. It aims to have a long-term impact on the prospects for the practitioners and the accounting professions. It becomes an attention to the world when numerous accounting scandals being published, and they jeopardized the accounting professions’ reputations. There are a few undisclosed cases especially it dealt with compliance, corporate tax, GST, money laundering and other issues, not only in Malaysia but in other countries as well. As such, the study focuses on creating better humans. Key findings from the literature highlighted the deficiencies in the core competencies of the firms. They are related to human capital and most of the researchers pinpointed the importance of knowledge, skills, capabilities in which it links to competencies in the corporate environment. The resource-based view of the firm is a common theory used by researchers as a mean of explaining competitive advantage and superior performance amongst the firms. And most of them stress the necessity to meet customer needs and expectation to create a sustainable competitive advantage.

scholarly journals Introducing the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species: challenges with classification

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e25306
Author(s):  
Shyama Pagad
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
The World ◽  
Invasive Status

The Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (GRIIS) presents annotated country checklists of introduced and invasive species. Annotations include higher taxonomy of the species, synonyms, environment/system in which the species occurs, and its biological status in that country. Invasiveness is classified by evidenced impact in that country. Draft country checklists are subjected to a process of validation and verification by networks of country experts. Challenges encountered across the world include confusion with alien/invasive species terminology, classification of the ‘invasive’ status of an alien species and issues with taxonomic synonyms.

scholarly journals The pig of the Lençóis Maranhenses, first record of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Maranhão State, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Gilberto Nepomuceno Salvador ◽  
Nathali Garcia Ristau ◽  
Isabel Sanches da Silva ◽  
André Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
First Record ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World

The wild boar is one of the most dangerous invasive species. It is widespread in the world, including records for many Brazilian states. However, there is a lack of record from Maranh&atilde;o state. In the present study, we reported a population of wild boar inside the Len&ccedil;&oacute;is Maranhenses National Park, in Barrerinhas county, State of Maranh&atilde;o. We discuss about the negative effects of this introduction on native species, including a record of predation by wild boar in nests of endangered turtles.

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