scholarly journals Osteoarthrosis and Combined Pathology: Features of Pathogenesis (Literature Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
I. I. Sokolova ◽  
◽  
O. I. Fediv
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study. Identification of key links in the pathogenesis, which will improve the diagnostic and treatment approaches in such patients. Materials and methods. Analytical and bibliosemantic methods were used in the research. Results. Modern scientists are actively discussing the problems of providing medical care to patients who, in addition to the underlying disease, have an aggravating effect of concomitant, combined pathology. Interestingly, in the publications of domestic literature we find the terms "combined", "concomitant", "combined" pathology. The English-speaking scientific community uses the terms - "comorbidity" when it comes to damage to 2 organs or systems and "multimorbidity" when more than 3 diseases. The problem of combined pathologies is one of the key in modern medicine. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases in Ukraine and around the world. Exhausting degenerative-dystrophic pathology, which is combined with high personal and socio-economic burden. According to the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) and the International Society for the Study of Osteoarthritis (OARSI), it is known that a middle-aged patient with osteoarthritis has 4 combined pathologies, including In addition to osteoarthritis, up to 8 other chronic diseases are diagnosed in old age. In clinical practice, a combination of this disease with hypertension and type 2 diabetes is often observed. However, there are still many differences in the opinion of scientists about the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis with combined pathologies. Conclusions. Scientific research in the modern world is aimed at studying the complex relationships between diseases that are often found in combination in the same patient. During the research the data of modern domestic and foreign literature were reviewed and analyzed and data on new ideas of common links in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which combines disorders in the system of oxidant-antioxidant, protease-antiprotease imbalance, proteolytic and fibrinolytic activities of blood plasma, changes in endothelial function, impaired mineral metabolism, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the further development of chronic inflammation with the activation of cytokine synthesis. The information presented in the review is a reason to assume that the combined pathologies show the potential for complicating each other, complicating the diagnosis and treatment tactics

The Impact of Obesity on Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1612-P
Author(s):  
NADIRA SULTANA KAKOLY ◽  
ARUL EARNEST ◽  
HELENA TEEDE ◽  
LISA MORAN ◽  
DEBORAH LOXTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

Wogonin Alleviates Hyperglycemia Through Increased Glucose Entry into Cells Via AKT/GLUT4 Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2602-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Khan ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Main Factor

: Insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes mellitus resulting in chronic hyperglycemia is a major health problem in the modern world. Many drugs have been tested to control hyperglycemia which is believed to be the main factor behind many of the diabetes-related late-term complications. Wogonin is a famous herbal medicine which has been shown to be effective in controlling diabetes and its complications. In our previous work, we showed that wogonin is beneficial in many ways in controlling diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we mainly explained wogonin anti-hyperglycemic property through AKT/GLUT4 pathway. Here we briefly discussed that wogonin increases Glut4 trafficking to plasma membrane which allows increased entry of glucose and thus alleviates hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Wogonin can be used as an anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic drug and works via AKT/GLUT4 pathway.

The Impact of Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richdeep S. Gill ◽  
Arya M. Sharma ◽  
David P. Al-Adra ◽  
Daniel W. Birch ◽  
Shahzeer Karmali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Functional Cereal Products in the Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ada Krawęcka ◽  
Aldona Sobota ◽  
Emilia Sykut-Domańska
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Cereal Products

Type 2 diabetes has become one of the major health problems of the modern world. It is assumed that environmental factors have a significant impact on the development of the disease, and great importance is ascribed to the diet, which can be modified accordingly. The diet can exert prophylactic and therapeutic effects; changes in the diet in advanced disease can improve the quality of life of diabetic patients and minimise the risk of complications, which are the direct cause of diabetes-related death. Functional food, which has a potentially health-enhancing effect in addition to its nutritional value, has been increasingly recognised and required. Cereal products are crucial in diabetic nutrition. Their function can additionally be enhanced by fortification with compounds with proven hypoglycaemic effects. Pasta has a low glycaemic index and is a good carrier of fortifying substances; hence, it can be highly recommended in diets for diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Impact of type 2 diabetes and microvascular complications on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in a multiethnic Asian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001413
Author(s):  
Jonathan Yap ◽  
Kamalesh Anbalakan ◽  
Wan Ting Tay ◽  
Daniel Ting ◽  
Carol Yim Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Microvascular Complication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hba1c Levels

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a growing public health epidemic in Asia. We examined the impact of type 2 diabetes, glycemic control and microvascular complications on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in a multiethnic population-based cohort of Asians without prior cardiovascular disease.Research design and methodsThis was a prospective population-based cohort study in Singapore comprising participants from the three major Asian ethnic groups: Chinese, Malays and Indians, with baseline examination in 2004–2011. Participants with type 1 diabetes and those with cardiovascular disease at baseline were excluded. Type 2 diabetes, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and presence of microvascular complications (diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy) were defined at baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as a composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke and revascularization, collected using a national registry.ResultsA total of 8541 subjects were included, of which 1890 had type 2 diabetes at baseline. Subjects were followed for a median of 6.4 (IQR 4.8–8.8) years. Diabetes was a significant predictor of mortality (adjusted HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.08, p<0.001) and MACE (adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.93, p<0.001). In those with diabetes, higher HbA1c levels were associated with increased MACE rates (adjusted HR (per 1% increase) 1.18, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.26, p<0.001) but not mortality (p=0.115). Subjects with two microvascular complications had significantly higher mortality and MACE compared with those with only either microvascular complication (adjusted p<0.05) and no microvascular complication (adjusted p<0.05).ConclusionDiabetes is a significant predictor of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in Asian patients without prior cardiovascular disease. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, poorer glycemic control was associated with increased MACE but not mortality rates. Greater burden of microvascular complications identified a subset of patients with poorer outcomes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and the impact on glycaemic control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björg Ásbjörnsdóttir ◽  
Marianne Vestgaard ◽  
Nicoline C. Do ◽  
Lene Ringholm ◽  
Lise L.T. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effects of ertugliflozin on kidney composite outcomes, renal function and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis from the randomised VERTIS CV trial

Diabetologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Z. I. Cherney ◽  
◽  
Bernard Charbonnel ◽  
Francesco Cosentino ◽  
Samuel Dagogo-Jack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Composite Outcome ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims/hypothesis In previous work, we reported the HR for the risk (95% CI) of the secondary kidney composite endpoint (time to first event of doubling of serum creatinine from baseline, renal dialysis/transplant or renal death) with ertugliflozin compared with placebo as 0.81 (0.63, 1.04). The effect of ertugliflozin on exploratory kidney-related outcomes was evaluated using data from the eValuation of ERTugliflozin effIcacy and Safety CardioVascular outcomes (VERTIS CV) trial (NCT01986881). Methods Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established atherosclerotic CVD were randomised to receive ertugliflozin 5 mg or 15 mg (observations from both doses were pooled), or matching placebo, added on to existing treatment. The kidney composite outcome in VERTIS CV (reported previously) was time to first event of doubling of serum creatinine from baseline, renal dialysis/transplant or renal death. The pre-specified exploratory composite outcome replaced doubling of serum creatinine with sustained 40% decrease from baseline in eGFR. In addition, the impact of ertugliflozin on urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and eGFR over time was assessed. Results A total of 8246 individuals were randomised and followed for a mean of 3.5 years. The exploratory kidney composite outcome of sustained 40% reduction from baseline in eGFR, chronic kidney dialysis/transplant or renal death occurred at a lower event rate (events per 1000 person-years) in the ertugliflozin group than with the placebo group (6.0 vs 9.0); the HR (95% CI) was 0.66 (0.50, 0.88). At 60 months, in the ertugliflozin group, placebo-corrected changes from baseline (95% CIs) in UACR and eGFR were −16.2% (−23.9, −7.6) and 2.6 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 (1.5, 3.6), respectively. Ertugliflozin was associated with a consistent decrease in UACR and attenuation of eGFR decline across subgroups, with a suggested larger effect observed in the macroalbuminuria and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (KDIGO CKD) high/very high-risk subgroups. Conclusions/interpretation Among individuals with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic CVD, ertugliflozin reduced the risk for the pre-specified exploratory composite renal endpoint and was associated with preservation of eGFR and reduced UACR. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01986881 Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Examining the impact of mental disease on type 2 diabetes outcomes: results from the EpiChron Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Guerrero Fernández de Alba ◽  
A Gimeno-Miguel ◽  
B Poblador Plou ◽  
K Bliek Bueno ◽  
J Carmona Pirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is often accompanied by other chronic diseases, including mental diseases (MD). This work aimed at studying MD prevalence in T2D patients and analyse its impact on T2D health outcomes. Methods Retrospective, observational study of individuals of the EpiChron Cohort aged 18 and over with prevalent T2D at baseline (2011) in Aragón, Spain (n = 63,365). Participants were categorized by the existence or absence of MD, defined as the presence of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia or substance abuse. MD prevalence was calculated, and a logistic regression model was performed to analyse the likelihood of the four studied health outcomes (4-year all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, T2D-hospitalization, and emergency room visits) based on the presence of each type of MD, after adjusting by age, sex and number of comorbidities. Results Mental diseases were observed in 19% of T2D patients, with depression being the most frequent condition, especially in women (20.7% vs. 7.57%). Mortality risk was significantly higher in patients with MD (odds ratio -OR- 1.24; 95% confidence interval -CI- 1.16-1.31), especially in those with substance abuse (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.84-2.57) and schizophrenia (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.50-2.21). The presence of MD also increased the risk of T2D-hospitalization (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.18-1.93), emergency room visits (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.21-1.32) and all-cause hospitalization (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.10-1.23). Conclusions The high prevalence of MD among T2D patients, and its association with health outcomes, underscores the importance of providing integrated, person-centred care and early detection of comorbid mental diseases in T2D patients to improve disease management and health outcomes. Key messages Comprehensive care of T2D should include specific strategies for prevention, early detection, and management of comorbidities, especially mental disorders, in order to reduce their impact on health. Substance abuse was the mental disease with the highest risk of T2D-hospitalization, emergency room visits and all-cause hospitalization.

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