scholarly journals Exploring Association of Economic Ties and Social Interaction Between Minorities and Muslims in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Azizullah Jan ◽  
Khalil Ur Rehman ◽  
Ihsan Ullah khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Economic Ties

Financial The socio-political adjustment and economic well-being of minority groups has been reported as one of the important issues in the recent time in Pakistan. The study was conducted to know the adjustment issues of Christians and Sikhs minorities in District Peshawar and Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan. More specifically, the aim of this study was to explore how Sikhs and Christian minorities in Pakistan are adjusted in the social fabric of Muslim majority areas and to what extent their economic ties with Muslims are strengthening their overall social interaction in the area. A total of 372 respondents from the targeted locales were selected through proportional allocation through Sekaran table and data was collected based on five-point Likert scale. The economic activities of the minorities were selected as independent variables while the level of social interaction was obtained as dependent variables. The collected data was analysed at uni-variate level through frequency distribution and Chi square test was performed at bi-variate level. It was found that minorities are fully enjoying participation in the economic activities which results in strong social ties and interaction in their daily lives with Muslim majority in the study area. However, it was also found that the minorities are still underprivileged in the area of economic and business activities in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Witnessing and the Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence from the Perspective of Children in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4724
Author(s):  
Johanna Hietamäki ◽  
Marjukka Huttunen ◽  
Marita Husso
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Child Victim ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Variations

Background—Intimate partner violence (IPV) has both direct and longer-term effects on children’s well-being. Much of the research thus far has relied on caregiver reports of IPV and clinical samples of children. By contrast, minimal research has examined violence between parents from the perspective of children using nationwide samples. Objective—This study explored the frequency of IPV witnessed by children and gender variations regarding the victims, perpetrators, and witnesses. Methods—The data were derived from a sample of 11,364 children from the Finnish Child Victim Survey 2013. The children were between 11 and 17 years old and were enrolled in the Finnish school system. The main methods of analysis included crosstabulation and the chi-square test. Results—The results indicate that children witnessed more IPV against their mother (4.9%) than their father (3.5%). Girls reported having witnessed more violence against both their mother (7.0%) and father (5.1%) than boys did (mothers 2.7%, fathers 1.8%). Girls’ reports of IPV against both parents were twice or more than twice as common as boys’ reports. Conclusions—The above differences might result from gendered expectations and boys’ and girls’ different relationships to violence, as well as differences in the recognition and interpretation of violent incidents. Therefore, practitioners should adopt a gender-sensitive approach as a precondition and practice for working with children in social and health care.

scholarly journals A Sociological Analysis of Combined Jail Life of Juvenile and Adult Prisoners in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ihsan Khan ◽  
Ashfaq Rehman ◽  
Niaz Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
Joint Dwelling

This study examines the outcomes of frequent relations between juvenile and adult prisoners at the populous prisons of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in districts Mansehra, Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar, Swabi and Mardan. According to SPARC (2015), there were total of 199 juvenile prisoners out of them 132 were taken as a sample size through Sekaran (2010) sample size table. The primary data was collected through interview schedule, with major aim to see association of joint dwelling of adult prisoners and juvenile inmates in the selected prisons. For measuring the association between adult and juvenile inmates, a Chi-square test was applied by using Microsoft Excel. It was found that there exist a strong association of adult with juvenile inmates; which resulted in reinforcing the delinquent behaviour of juvenile by supporting them financially, providing them with various kinds of drugs and persuading them to join their networks after they were released. Such situation was directly contradictory to the well-being of juvenile inmates at jails, where they were supposed to rehabilitate their offending behaviour. The study recommends establishment of separate jails for juvenile inmates, being inclusive part of the JJSO-2000.

scholarly journals Emotional well-being and social support in social housing neighbourhoods in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 3209-3218
Author(s):  
Jinhua Liu ◽  
Hongsheng Chen ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Zhigang Li
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Social Associations

Objective This study investigated the effect of the number of close friends (within and outside of social housing neighbourhoods) on the emotional well-being of men and women in social housing neighbourhoods in China. Methods Data (n = 535) were collected in 13 social housing neighbourhoods in Guangzhou from September to December 2013 using the random sample method. The t-test, chi-square test, and linear regression analysis were used to analyse the factors influencing residents’ emotional well-being. Results Having a greater number of close friends living within the social housing neighbourhood had a significantly positive association with the respondents’ emotional well-being (regression coefficient = 0.473). The number of close friends living in nearby neighbourhoods was only positively related to women’s emotional well-being (coefficient = 0.433). Conclusions These results highlight the importance of friendship for residents’ emotional well-being. Especially for women, friendship outside the social housing neighbourhood is essential for good mental health. This conclusion is based on analysis of cross-sectional data, and reflects the directionality of social associations. The mental health of the poor warrants greater attention in China.

Association between Optimism, Psychosocial Well Being and Oral Health: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Thiruvenkadam ◽  
Sharath Asokan ◽  
J Baby John ◽  
PR Geetha Priya
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the association of optimism and psychosocial well being of school going children on their oral health status. Study design: The study included 12- to 15-year-old school going children (N = 2014) from Tamilnadu, India. Optimism was measured using the revised version of the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). A questionnaire was sent to the parents regarding their child's psychosocial behavior which included shyness, feeling inferiority, unhappiness and friendliness. Clinical examination for each child was done to assess the DMFT score and OHI-S score. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test with the aid of SPSS software (version 17). Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). The p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Boys with high optimism had significantly lesser DMFT score than the boys with low optimism (p=0.001). Girls with high optimism had significantly higher DMFT score (p=0.001). In psychosocial outcomes, inferiority (p=0.002) and friendliness (p=0.001) showed significant association with DMFT score. Among the boys, children who felt less inferior (p=0.001), less unhappy (p=0.029) and more friendly (p=0.001) had lesser DMFT score. Conclusion: Among the psychosocial outcomes assessed, inferiority and friendliness had significant association with oral health of the children and hence, can be used as a proxy measures oral health.

scholarly journals Improve Management of Mental Well-being and Empathy in Chinese Medical Students: A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Rong ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zihao Dai ◽  
Jingli Gu ◽  
Weiying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chinese Medical Students ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Interventional Group ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract Background: The Chinese medical students suffer from high prevalent mental health-related issues and low empathy. Effective strategies to improve the situations are lacking. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the well-designed interventional courses to enhance the mental health and empathy of the senior Chinese medical students. Methods: A total of 146 3rd and 4th year medical students were randomized to intervention group (n=74) and control group (n=72). A pilot study including 5 pre-clinical students and 5 interns was first carried out to determine the themes and contents of the interventional courses. The designed courses were delivered in the intervention group once a month for three times, while the control group had no specific intervention. Five self-assessment questionnaires including the General Self-Efficacy (GSE), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 8 (SF-8), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Care Provider Student version (JSE-HPS) that separately evaluated the level of self-efficacy (SE), quality of life (QoL), depression, burnout, and empathy were completed by the students before and one month after the courses. Qualitative data were collected via e-mails two year after the intervention.Results: Compared to the control group, the interventional group showed significantly higher scores of the empathy (111.0 [IQR 102.0, 118.0] vs 106.0 [IQR 93.0, 111.5]; P = .01) and QoL (32.0 [IQR 28.0, 35.0] vs 29.5 [IQR 26.0, 34.0]; P = .04). The rate of depression was significantly decreased in the interventional group compared to that in the control group (13.5% vs 29.2%; Chi-square test, P = .02). However, no significant differences of self-efficacy (25.6 ± 4.8 vs 24.3 ± 6.3; P = .16) and burnout (27.0% vs 34.7%; Chi-square test, P = .31) were observed between the two groups.Conclusions: The well-designed interventional courses had a positive impact on the mental well-being and empathy in senior Chinese medical students, which may help provide novel information for incorporation into the medical school curriculum.

scholarly journals A Multi-Image Cryptosystem Using Quantum Walks and Chebyshev Map

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Bassem Abd-El-Atty ◽  
Abdullah M. Iliyasu ◽  
Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Quantum Walks ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Extensive Simulation ◽  
Chebyshev Map ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Image Cryptosystem

The ubiquity of image and video applications in our daily lives makes data security and privacy prominent concerns for everyone. Among others, various image cryptosystems are relied upon to provide the necessary safeguards. With the inevitable realisation of quantum computing hardware, however, the anticipated quantum supremacy entails effortless violation of the integrity of even the best cryptosystems. Quantum walks (QWs) utilise the potent properties of quantum mechanics to provide randomness via stochastic transitions between states. Our study exploits these properties of QWs to design a multi-image cryptosystem. Furthermore, we infuse the symmetricity and orthogonality of Chebyshev maps into the QWs to realise a powerful cryptosystem that guarantees data integrity, authentication, and anonymity of the resulting images. These properties are validated via extensive simulation-based experiments that produce average values of NPCR as 99.606%, UACI as 33.45%, global entropy as 7.9998, and chi-square test as 238.14. Therefore, the proposed cryptosystem provides ordnance to protect images from illicit tampering during the era.

scholarly journals The contingent valuation for the preservation of three urban green parks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
José Francisco dos Reis Neto ◽  
Michelle Da Rosa Lopes ◽  
Celso Correia de Souza ◽  
Marlucy Ferreira Machado Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Chi Square Test

Urban green parks, considered as natural resources, should be seen as strategic elements for conservation of natural resources, socialization, health and well-being, since it significantly influences the local economy. The research sought to quantify the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for environmental conservation and its influencing factors, indicated by the population using three urban parks in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil: Parque das Nações Indígenas (PNI); Parque Ayrton Senna (PAS); and Parque Matas do Segredo (PMS). It was a quantitative approach, interviewing 824 users from the three parks object of the research, highlighting those who know and frequent the parks. A structured questionnaire was used, divided into groups of variables to identify the perceptions of socioeconomic, maintenance and preservation of parks, satisfaction with the equipment offered, and with the environmental preservation and maintenance of the Parks. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to compare the independence between the proportions obtained for each Park, at the level of significance at p <0.05, bilateral. A binary logistic regression analysis of discrete variables was also performed to identify the factors that may influence the user of the Park to WTP of environmental conservation. As a result, it was identified that there is satisfaction in the Parks, in relation to the questions: place for social interaction, appearance, attractiveness, calm, cozy, beautiful and clean environment. In relation to WTP, it was identified that the people who attend the Parks are willing to pay for the protection and environmental conservation of these. This article has its academic importance in contributing to the knowledge of the importance of Urban Green Parks, as well as providing indications for the evolution of others socio-environmental research projects. Under the business scope, it provides data and conclusions for the direction of public policies enlist the population and entrepreneurs to strengthen the preservation and maintenance.

scholarly journals Professional Productivity and Subjective Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
Elena A. Yakovleva ◽  
◽  
Victoria I. Kryachko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Faculty Motivation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Despite аn extensive research on subjective well-being conducted over the past decades, there remains uncertainty about whether happier workers are actually more productive. The aim of the study was to analyze the causal relationships between subjective well-being and job performance using employees of leading Russian universities as a case study. The article presents the analysis of subjective well-being of scientific-pedagogical employees in modern universities and indicators of their performance based on empirical research materials. The construct of subjective well-being assessment was based on the existing theoretical models by E. Diener, D. Kahneman, R. Inglehardt. The research program included the assessment of indicators of general perception of happiness, productivity, life satisfaction, job satisfaction indicators by questionnaire survey. For the validity of measurements, the research tools included proven methods and scales: Cantril's Self-Anchoring Scale, questions from studies of subjective well-being and quality of life in the European Social Survey (ESS), WCIOM surveys. In this study, statistical methods such as correlation analysis, Pearson's Chi-square test of agreement, and least squares regression analysis (LSR) were used to analyze the relationships between the level of subjective well-being and the level of scientific productivity. The results of the present study statistically proved a significant positive correlation between the level of subjective well-being and scientific productivity of higher education employees. These data are a signal to revise the views on faculty motivation towards the formation of effective social responsibility, which includes, among other things, the development and implementation of programmes to improve the well-being of their staff.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sociodemographic Factors on the Patient Satisfaction with Health Care System

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Mitrovic Djordjevic ◽  
Dragan Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Republic

Abstract The goal of this paper is to determine the level of patient satisfaction with health care among adults in the Republic of Serbia and to analyze the correlation between the satisfaction and socio-demographic characteristics of the interviewees. The paper is based on the data provided by the National health survey of the Republic of Serbia. For the purposes of this paper, we used data on age and household of the people aged 19 and more. By eliminating the interviewees who were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with the health care services, we obtained the sample containing 18.206 interviewees. Demographic characteristics and well-being index represented independent variables in the research. Dependent variable of the patient satisfaction was transformed into a binary variable by categorizing satisfied and very satisfied interviewees into one group and by placing dissatisfied and very dissatisfied interviewees into group of dissatisfied patients. The connection between satisfaction and predictors was examined using Chi-Square test and logistic regression. The percentage of the satisfied patients with health care was 72.9%. The satisfaction level was directly connected to age, gender, marital status, employment, region the interviewee comes from and well-being index. Patients who were more satisfied included older people, women, as well as married people, the unemployed and those living in the cities. The analysis of the financial situation shows that the poorest interviewees were the most satisfied with health care.

scholarly journals Assessment of Perception of Palliative Care among the Patients of Palliative Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Saba Khan ◽  
Nikhil Dhande
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Palliative Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

Background: The assessment of the good health and well-being of palliative care patients is summarised in this protocol analysis. It will bring about the financial and physical wellbeing of patients. The standard of life of patients and their families has been reviewed. Methods: It is a cross-sectional analysis involving selected villages in the Wardha district. A sample of 95 participants will be taken from Wardha Palliative Care. Patients will be randomly allocated to the survey by the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College of Wardha District Department of Community Medicine. A pre-designed multidimensional survey questionnaire will be prepared and pre-tested for quantitative data collection . The pro forma used to gather the data will include their current disease and disease management and will integrate the psychosocial and moral elements of hospital care. The motive of this research is to understand the interpretation of palliative care in the lives of affected patients. The goal of this study is to know the conception of a compromised patient living. Results: Using descriptive and inferential statistics using the chi-square test, the result will be obtained by attributing the baseline and terminal consequences. Conclusion: The purpose of this research is to define the predictive, mediating and moderating functions of select variables: self-efficacy, disease, psychosocial, spiritual caregiver. The findings of this study will influence the interpretation of the resilience of patients with palliative care and will enhance functional outcomes for emotional, mental and spiritual health. This change in attitude would be beneficial to them in their lives. And the patient's quality of life will improve.

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