scholarly journals A Multi-Image Cryptosystem Using Quantum Walks and Chebyshev Map

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Bassem Abd-El-Atty ◽  
Abdullah M. Iliyasu ◽  
Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Quantum Walks ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Extensive Simulation ◽  
Chebyshev Map ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Image Cryptosystem

The ubiquity of image and video applications in our daily lives makes data security and privacy prominent concerns for everyone. Among others, various image cryptosystems are relied upon to provide the necessary safeguards. With the inevitable realisation of quantum computing hardware, however, the anticipated quantum supremacy entails effortless violation of the integrity of even the best cryptosystems. Quantum walks (QWs) utilise the potent properties of quantum mechanics to provide randomness via stochastic transitions between states. Our study exploits these properties of QWs to design a multi-image cryptosystem. Furthermore, we infuse the symmetricity and orthogonality of Chebyshev maps into the QWs to realise a powerful cryptosystem that guarantees data integrity, authentication, and anonymity of the resulting images. These properties are validated via extensive simulation-based experiments that produce average values of NPCR as 99.606%, UACI as 33.45%, global entropy as 7.9998, and chi-square test as 238.14. Therefore, the proposed cryptosystem provides ordnance to protect images from illicit tampering during the era.

scholarly journals Perception of Menstrual Normality and Abnormality in Spanish Female Nursing Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6432
Author(s):  
Ana Abreu-Sánchez ◽  
María Laura Parra-Fernández ◽  
María Dolores Onieva-Zafra ◽  
Elia Fernández-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

Menstrual problems are usually taboo; and often, some, such as dysmenorrhea, are presumed normal. This study seeks to compare the menstrual characteristics and symptoms of female university students reporting self-perceived normality concerning their cycles and menstruation with those who perceive their menstruation as being abnormal. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 270 nursing students using a self-report questionnaire that included sociodemographic and gynecological issues, together with Visual Analog Scale, the Andersch and Milsom Scale, and the Spanish version of the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EuroQol-5D) to measure self-perceived health status. A bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test, linear trend chi-square, and Student’s t-test, and a multivariate analysis of stepwise binary logistic regression was performed to predict the perception of cycle abnormality. In total, 77.4% of participants displayed normality; however, in self-reporting of menstrual characteristics, 67.4% identified alterations. Young women suffering from menstrual dizziness were 1.997 (CI95% = 1.010–3.950; p = 0.047) more likely to manifest abnormal menstruation, 4.518 (CI95% = 1.239–16.477; p = 0.022) more likely if they suffered from Grade 3 menstrual pain, and 2.851 (CI95% = 1.399–5.809; p = 0.004) more likely if they perceived that menstruation interfered with their daily lives. Many menstrual changes and symptoms are still considered normal, making it difficult to identify and address these issues. Therefore, it is necessary to develop health policies and strategies to improve menstrual health literacy for increased knowledge and earlier diagnosis.

scholarly journals Highly Resolved Runoff Path Simulation Based on Urban Surface Landscape Layout for Sub-Catchment Scale

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Tian Bai ◽  
Klaudia Borowiak ◽  
Yawen Wu ◽  
Jingli Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Surface ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gravity Coefficient ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Sensors

The present study explored the regularities of the path and network structure of surface runoff formed under the influence of urban surface landscapes. We used unmanned aerial vehicle sensors to examine terrain and land use/cover change. The sub-catchments of a typical city, Luohe, China, were evaluated for the effect of landscape on surface runoff. Landscape and topographic parameters from 166 urban sub-catchments in Luohe were obtained by measuring digital surface models and orthophoto maps. The minimum cumulative resistance model was used to simulate potential runoff and 491,820 potential runoff paths, connected upstream and downstream, were obtained in 166 sub-catchments. The chi-square test was used to compare simulation runoff paths and actual runoff depth, with the results showing that they led to the same distribution trend. When the gravity coefficient was greater than 18.93, path disconnection occurred among 166 sub-catchments, with a decrease in channels. The potential runoff distribution appeared in aggregation; as the gravity coefficient increased from low to high, aggregation showed a trend of increasing initially but subsequently decreasing. The initial runoff formed sub-catchments with high gravity coefficients, then accumulated and spread to the others. It is important that proper measures are taken to establish a unified planning of the city’s surface landscape in order to produce suitable surface runoff distribution.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES OF SMART TOURISM IN MALAYSIA ECO-TOURISM DESTINATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syakir Amir Ab. Rahman ◽  
Nur’Hidayah Dura ◽  
Muhamad Asrah Yusof ◽  
Hitoshi Nakamura ◽  
Rahmat Abu Nong
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Smart Tourism

Smartness helps in transferring and sharing information to facilitate tourism industry optimizing performance and competitiveness, generating solution for asset evaluation and shaping tourism products and services in a real-time. In Malaysia, tourism industry is moving forwards to acknowledge smart tourism concept as Malaysia Smart Tourism 4.0 initiatives is launched recently. Therefore, this study aims to identify challenges of smart tourism application in Malaysia. 400 respondents among domestic and international tourists were recruited for the study, using questionnaire survey in two eco-tourism destination, Pulau Langkawi and Cameron Highland. Chi-square test was used to assess the challenges. Awareness, security and privacy, and implementation mechanism of smart tourism are among the highest challenges were observed. This study extends for a new establishment of proper and comprehensive framework of smart tourism in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Changing Trends of Shopping Habits and Tourism During the Second Wave of COVID-19 – International Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 131-149
Author(s):  
Renáta Machová ◽  
Enikő Korcsmáros ◽  
Monika Esseová ◽  
Roland Marča
Keyword(s):  
International Comparison ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Leisure Travel ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Foreign Tourism ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Second Wave

Over the last year, many things have changed in every field as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the rapid spread of the coronavirus, the heads of states and governments had to respond to the virus forthwith. As government restrictions have been introduced, people started to reconsider their decisions in terms of consumption and saving. The closures affected many areas that changed people's daily lives. As a result, new trends have appeared, for instance, in the tourism field and people's shopping habits. The data were collected among Slovak and Hungarian citizens through surveys as a quantitative method. Nonparametric Pearson's chi-square test, Spearman's rho correlation test, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to analyze six formulated hypotheses. For the latter, it was necessary to carry out normality tests. The main purpose of this article is to give an international comparison in questions whether people will prefer domestic tourism over foreign one if people prefer domestic traders' products or foreign traders' products, whether the respondents buy online more frequently due to the pandemic, if they spend less on leisure travel and whether they think that the interest in e-commerce continues to grow. As a result of the research, it can be declared that both Slovak and Hungarian people traders prefer buying domestic traders' products instead of foreign traders' ones, while the Hungarian respondents shop online more frequently. The results pointed out that Slovak respondents will prefer domestic tourism over foreign tourism.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Simulation-Based Empathy Enhancement Program for Caregivers (SEE-C) Evaluated by Older Adults Receiving Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7802
Author(s):  
Kyuwon Lee ◽  
Areum Han ◽  
Tae Hui Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Affective State ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to examine whether a Simulation-based Empathy Enhancement program for Caregivers of the Elderly (SEE-C) was effective in increasing program satisfaction and positive emotional changes of older adults. A total of 100 older adults living alone were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was interviewed by caregivers who experienced SEE-C while the control group was interviewed by caregivers who did not experience SEE-C. In both elderly groups, post session satisfaction and affective state were assessed using a Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ). Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were conducted. The experimental group (n = 49) reported significantly higher scores than the control group (n = 51) for all three categories of SEQ: session-depth (Mann-Whitney U = 1651.5, p = 0.005), session-smoothness (Mann-Whitney U = 1803.0, p = 0.000), and emotion-positivity (Mann-Whitney U = 1783.0, p = 0.000). However, the experimental group had significantly lower scores for the arousal category of SEQ (Mann-Whitney U = 873.5, p = 0.009). SEE-C could have a positive impact on interviews for elderly care in terms of raising the satisfaction of the interviewee.

Exploring the Boundaries of Big Data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Sloot ◽  
Dennis Broeders ◽  
Erik Schrijvers
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Data Security ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Preparatory Work

Though the exact nature and delineation of Big Data is still unclear, it seems likely that Big Data will have an enormous impact on our daily lives. Exploring the Bounderies of Big Data serves as preparatory work for The Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy's advice to the Dutch government, which has asked the Council to address questions regarding Big Data, security and privacy. It is divided into five parts, each part engaging with a different perspective on Big Data: the technical, empirical, legal, regulatory and international perspective.

scholarly journals Prevalence and purposes of gadget use among medical students

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Vasant Ramraoji Lunge ◽  
P. R. Kokiwar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

Background: The prevalence of gadgets is increasing among the medical students and this is the matter to worry as they use it for other purposes than the science. Data need to focus on how many proportion of medical students use the gadgets and for what they use it. The objective was to study the prevalence and purposes of gadget use among medical students.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was carried out in among 306 medical students. This study was based on self-administered questionnaires. The whole batch of students was contacted on a particular day for data collection. Study questionnaires were distributed to them. In between, the doubts regarding any questions were clarified. The questionnaires were taken back after a half hour. An attempt was made to see that all the questions were completely responded to. The data was analyzed using proportions and mean values. Statistical tests like Chi-Square test, and Student’s T-test was used.Results: Majority of people using gadgets were female (71%). More than half of users were in the age group of 21-23 years. Smartphone was the most commonly used gadget. About 2/5th of the students used gadgets for about 1-3 hours. More than half of the students used gadgets in the sitting position. The vast majority of students used gadgets at chest level.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that use of gadgets takes a prevalent part in the daily lives of medical students.

scholarly journals Exploring Association of Economic Ties and Social Interaction Between Minorities and Muslims in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Azizullah Jan ◽  
Khalil Ur Rehman ◽  
Ihsan Ullah khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Economic Ties

Financial The socio-political adjustment and economic well-being of minority groups has been reported as one of the important issues in the recent time in Pakistan. The study was conducted to know the adjustment issues of Christians and Sikhs minorities in District Peshawar and Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan. More specifically, the aim of this study was to explore how Sikhs and Christian minorities in Pakistan are adjusted in the social fabric of Muslim majority areas and to what extent their economic ties with Muslims are strengthening their overall social interaction in the area. A total of 372 respondents from the targeted locales were selected through proportional allocation through Sekaran table and data was collected based on five-point Likert scale. The economic activities of the minorities were selected as independent variables while the level of social interaction was obtained as dependent variables. The collected data was analysed at uni-variate level through frequency distribution and Chi square test was performed at bi-variate level. It was found that minorities are fully enjoying participation in the economic activities which results in strong social ties and interaction in their daily lives with Muslim majority in the study area. However, it was also found that the minorities are still underprivileged in the area of economic and business activities in Pakistan.

Hubungan Antara Menyusui Dengan Involusi Uterus Pada Ibu Nifas Fisiologis Di RSIA Aura Syifa Kabupaten Kediri

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Eny Sendra ◽  
Dewi Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Moment

Breast feeding is giving milk to be drunk to the baby from the breast. Uterus involution is a process how the uterus return to the condition back, before pregnanting after bearing. At the moment of suckling, happens a stimulus and brings the hormones out, such as oksitosin uses not only to stimulate some muscles constraction but also to stimulate the uterus, so that the process of uterus involution happens foster. According to the explanations above, the research aimed to know about the correlation between breast feeding and uterus involution. This research’s design was, cross sectional by the population of all childbirth mothers approximately 50 persons / month. By using accidental sampling technique we got 21 sample respondents. The place of research in RSIA Aura Syifa in Kediri Regency on 16th until 22nd of June 2009. From this research’s result, we got 14 persons (66,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a good way, one person (4,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way, 2 persons (9,52%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a good way and 4 persons (19,05%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way. Statistic test which used chi-square test, counted the probability frequency in advance, from that we got 3 columns with the score, less than 5, so that chi-square can not be continued and by doing exact fisher test, the score was 0,001. Because P with the grade mistake 0,05 smaller, so the conclusion was “Ho” is rejected, it meant “there was correlation between suckling and uterus involution”. Key Word : Breast feeding, uterus involution

FAKTOR PERSONAL YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PERAWAT RSUD EMBUNG FATIMAH BATAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Asfri Sri Rahmadeni
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p class="Normal1"><em>Commitment is the attitude or behavior of likes or dislikes shown by someone against the organization at work. Indonesia is recorded as a nurse who has a low organizational commitment (76%) so it harms services. This phenomenon in the hospital can be seen from the indicator of the high turnover rate of nurses which reaches 30.9% which exceeds the standard &lt;5%. Many factors affect organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Personal Factors Associated with Organizational Commitment of Hospital Nurses. This study is a cross-sectional analytic study and purposive sampling technique with a sample of 59 nurses. Chi-Square test results obtained personal factors that have a relationship with organizational commitment Nurse Hospital is age with p = 0,000 and education with p = 0,000, personal factors not related to organizational commitment are gender p = 1,053 and years of service with p = 1,147. Hospitals should conduct research/surveys on Organizational Commitment periodically as an evaluation material in the context of the organization's development and development in the future</em>.</p>

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