scholarly journals Monitoring HIV through sentinel surveillance in Morocco

2002 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
E. El Harti
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Anonymous Testing ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Unlinked Anonymous Testing

HIV sentinel surveillance was performed in five provinces of Morocco in 1993, expanded to 10 provinces in 1996. The activity was done by unlinked anonymous testing procedures. We analysed the data from 1993 to 1999. The groups studied were sexually transmitted infections, clinic attendees, pregnant women and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The results show that overall HIV prevalence rate over the whole period in 10 cities was 0.10% [45/44, 233]. Casablanca had a significantly high rate with 0.39% [10/2567]. The patients with pulmonary tuberculosis displayed the highest prevalence with 0.36% [9/2530]. These data confirm the assumption that the HIV epidemic is low in Morocco. However, the increase of HIV prevalence lately calls for reinforcing preventive measures to limit its spread.

scholarly journals Unlinked anonymous testing to estimate HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Catalonia, Spain, 1994 to 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Carnicer-Pont ◽  
J Almeda ◽  
J Luis Marin ◽  
C Martinez ◽  
M V Gonzalez-Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Anonymous Testing ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Unlinked Anonymous Testing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Detection Programme

This paper estimates the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in women giving birth and women voluntarily terminating pregnancy over a period of sixteen years in Catalonia. Samples for HIV antibody detection were collected from the Neonatal Early Detection Programme for congenital metabolic diseases that covers 99% of infants born in Catalonia. The sampling method collected information of 50% of births every year and of all women attending three clinics for voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Using two sequential immunoassays we analysed unlinked anonymous blood spot samples from 549,689 newborns between 1994 and 2009 and from 31,904 women who voluntarily interrupted pregnancy between 1999 and 2006. HIV prevalence among women giving birth decreased from 3.2 per 1,000 in 1994 to 1.7 per 1,000 in 2009 (p<0.01) and the mean age of infected mothers increased from 26 years in 1994 to 32 years in 2009 (p=0.001). A decrease in HIV prevalence was also observed in women voluntarily terminating pregnancy, from 2.3 per 1,000 in 1999 to 1.0 per 1,000 in 2006 (p<0.01). In contrast, estimated HIV prevalence in mothers born outside Spain increased from 2.2 per 1,000 in 2002 to 3 per 1,000 in 2009 (p<0.01) and their average age increased from 27 years in 2003 to 31 years in 2009 (p<0.01).

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS surveillance in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purushottam N. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Anonymous Testing ◽  
Unlinked Anonymous Testing ◽  
And Control

Reporting of AIDS cases began right from the inception of national AIDS programmes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. HIV surveillance was initiated with ad hoc serological surveys of selected groups of population. However, these surveys suffered from statistical bias. To minimize this bias, sentinel surveillance was introduced in two groups:patients with sexually transmitted diseases and antenatal clinic attendants. Apart from surveillance, many other population groups are being tested for HIV, mainly for case-finding. As HIV surveillance has an important role in AIDS prevention and control, adequate attention should be paid to its improvement, including the use of unlinked anonymous testing and the participation of the private sector

Differential of HIV prevalence in women and men who attended sexually transmitted disease clinics at HIV sentinel surveillance sites in Kenya, 1990–2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Joesoef ◽  
B Cheluget ◽  
L H Marum ◽  
C Wandera ◽  
C A Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Sub Saharan

Several studies in sub-Saharan Africa have reported that HIV prevalence in young women is higher than in young men. We used data from Kenya HIV sentinel surveillance conducted from 1990 to 2001 among sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients (15-49 years old) to investigate consistency of gender differentials over time and their risk factors. Of the 15,889 STD patients, the HIV prevalence ranged from 16.0% in 1990 to 41.8% in 1997. The odds ratios (ORs) of HIV infection for women compared to men decreased by age; women 15-24 years were nearly twice as likely as men of the same ages to be HIV infected (OR 1.7 [1.5-2.0]), but risk in those >44 years was almost equal (OR 0.8 [95% CI 0.7-1.2]). The odds of HIV infection for women compared to men were twice in unmarried patients (OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.8-2.3]). This association persisted after controlling for age groups or marital status, residence, level of education, and presence of STD syndromes. This pattern had been consistent over 12 years. Adolescent women with symptoms of STDs should be a focus for the HIV/STD intervention programmes because of their high risk for HIV.

scholarly journals The HIV epidemic in Jamaica: a need to strengthen the National HIV Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
J. Peter Figueroa ◽  
Jacqueline P. Duncan ◽  
Althea Bailey ◽  
Nicola Skyers
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Objectives. To assess the status of the HIV epidemic and programmatic implementation in Jamaica while identifying strategies for achieving effective HIV control. Methods. The assessment included a review of the core indicators of the UNAIDS Global Monitoring Framework, a desk review of program reports, and unstructured interviews of stakeholders. Results. HIV prevalence among adults in Jamaica was 1.5% in 2018 with an estimated 32 617 persons living with HIV (PLHIV) and 27 324 persons (83.8%) diagnosed with HIV; 12 711 (39.0% of all PLHIV or 46.5% aware of their status) were on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in the public health sector and 61.8% PLHIV on ART were virally suppressed. HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men remains high (31.4% in 2011, 29.6% in 2017) but has declined among female sex workers (12% in 1990, 2% in 2017). HIV prevalence among public sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees, prison inmates and the homeless has increased in recent years. During 2018 approximately 200 000 persons (14% of the population 15-49 years) were tested with 1 165 newly diagnosed PLHIV, indicating that many of the estimated 1 600 newly infected persons in 2018 were unaware of their status. Conclusions. Critical policy initiatives are needed to reduce barriers to HIV services, ensure young persons have access to condoms and contraceptives, affirm the rights of the marginalized, reduce stigma and discrimination, and introduce pre-exposure prophylaxis. While HIV spread in Jamaica has slowed, the UNAIDS Fast Track goals are lagging. The HIV program must be strengthened to effectively control the epidemic.

scholarly journals HIV and STI positivity rates among transgender people attending two large STI clinics in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054875
Author(s):  
Susanne Drückler ◽  
Ceranza Daans ◽  
Elske Hoornenborg ◽  
Henry De Vries ◽  
Martin den Heijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

BackgroundGlobal data show that transgender people (TGP) are disproportionally affected by HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs); however, data are scarce for Western European countries. We assessed gender identities, sexual behaviour, HIV prevalence and STI positivity rates, and compared these outcomes between TGP who reported sex work and those who did not.MethodsWe retrospectively retrieved data from all TGP who were tested at the STI clinics of Amsterdam and The Hague, the Netherlands in 2017–2018. To identify one’s gender identity, a ‘two-step’ methodology was used assessing, first, the assigned gender at birth (assigned male at birth (AMAB)) or assigned female at birth), and second, clients were asked to select one gender identity that currently applies: (1) transgender man/transgender woman, (2) man and woman, (3) neither man nor woman, (4) other and (5) not known yet. HIV prevalence, bacterial STI (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and/or infectious syphilis) positivity rates and sexual behaviour were studied using descriptive statistics.ResultsTGP reported all five categories of gender identities. In total 273 transgender people assigned male at birth (TGP-AMAB) (83.0%) and 56 transgender people assigned female at birth (TGP-AFAB) (17.0%) attended the STI clinics. Of TGP-AMAB, 14,6% (39/267, 95% CI 10.6% to 19.4%) were HIV-positive, including two new diagnoses and bacterial STI positivity was 15.0% (40/267, 95% CI 10.9% to 19.8%). Among TGP-AFAB, bacterial STI positivity was 5.6% (3/54, 95% CI 1.2% to 15.4%) and none were HIV-positive. Sex work in the past 6 months was reported by 53.3% (137/257, 95% CI 47.0% to 59.5%) of TGP-AMAB and 6.1% (3/49, 95% CI 1.3% to 16.9%) of TGP-AFAB. HIV prevalence did not differ between sex workers and non-sex workers.ConclusionOf all TGP, the majority were TGP-AMAB of whom more than half engaged in sex work. HIV prevalence and STI positivity rates were substantial among TGP-AMAB and much lower among TGP-AFAB. Studies should be performed to provide insight into whether the larger population of TGP-AMAB and TGP-AFAB are at risk of HIV and STI.

scholarly journals Estimating nationwide cases of sexually transmitted diseases in 2015 from sentinel surveillance data in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Kawado ◽  
Shuji Hashimoto ◽  
Akiko Ohta ◽  
Mari S. Oba ◽  
Ritei Uehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

scholarly journals Perceptions of sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers

Curationis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Diale ◽  
SD Roos
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Care Community ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Black Area

An ex p lo ra to ry d e sc rip tiv e study was u n d e rtak en , focussing on sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among teenagers. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the possible reasons for the high rate of sexually transmitted diseases in teenagers. The perceptions of teenagers and community nurses regarding sexually transmitted disease among teenagers involved in the teenage clinic in a specific predominantly black area were assessed. Twenty teenagers and five community nurses were participants in the study. Two focus group interviews were conducted with teenagers and community nurses. It can be concluded that the attitudes of community nurses may have an influence on the high rate of sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. The knowledge o f the teenagers about sexually transmitted diseases is often based on myths and misconceptions which could be intensified by the community nurse. The recommendations made are that the education standards of all community nurses should be reviewed and adapted to meet the needs of teenagers attending the teenage health services. The policy on in-service training must be reviewed and monitored. Community nurses’ intensive training on teenage health service delivery and sexually transmitted diseases services should be in accordance with the principles of Primary Health Care. Community nurses need to attend intensive courses on interpersonal skills specifically related to teenagers. Selection procedures for recruiting community nurses to attend to teenagers specifically should be researched. Teenagers should be involved in planning programs and the teenage clinic should be evaluated frequently to improve the standards. The availability of adequate teenage health services can result in a decrease in sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers.

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