scholarly journals Macroscopic Cranial Suture Closure in An Adult Population: Is It Reliable for Estimating Age?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Nilesh Keshav Tumram ◽  
Soniya B.Parchake ◽  
Arun P. Kasote ◽  
Meena M. Meshram
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cranial Suture ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Suture Closure

Background:- Age estimation is one of the important parameters for estimation of biological profile of an individual. Generally speaking, estimation of age of an individual whether living or dead is very important in Medicolegal and forensic scenario. The objective of the present study was to observe the chronology and pattern of union of cranial sutures namely coronal and lambdoid and to find out the relationship between closure of cranial suture and age of the deceased. An attempt was also made to see the applicability of Acsadi and Nemeskeri method in an Indian population. A total of 193 adult calvaria (133 males and 60 females) were studied from the autopsy cases. The extent of obliteration was studied ectocranially and endocranially in the two main sutures of the calvarium i.e. coronal and lambdoid. Results:- The results indicate that a strong positive correlation of ectocranial with endocranial suture closure is found in the age group of 30-39 years for right coronal, left coronal, while age group of 60-69 years shows a strong positive correlation for lambdoid sutures. This has also been confirmed in the study that the cranial suture obliteration starts endocranially and proceeds towards ectocranial surface. Statistically insignificant sex differences exist in suture closure. Conclusion:- The coronal and lambdoid sutures were closed in the age group of above 70 years with mean values of 3.54 for coronal and 3.7 for lambdoid suture. Acsadi and Nemeskeri’s method was found to be applicable to the Indian population for determination of age from cranial sutures.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sex and Ancestry on Cranial Sutures in the Hamann Todd Collection

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Rajitha Sivakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Cranial Suture ◽  
Suture Closure ◽  
Unreliable Method ◽  
The Impact

Cranial suture closure has been regarded as an unreliable method for age estimation due to the large amount ofvariability in the commencement, progression and termination of fusion. The Hamann Todd Osteological Collectionwas used to examine the sagittal, coronal and lambdoid sutures in an attempt to determine the impact of sex and ancestry on synostosis. The sagittal does not appear to be impacted by sex, but in the coronal and lambdoid sutures,significant sex-based differences were noted. Generally, females exhibited greater progression than males, butsynostosis was more strongly related to age in males. Stronger age-score correlations were present in black individuals compared to white individuals. This questions the application of current cranial aging methods, which do not address sex- and population-based differences in the commencement, progression and termination ofsutural fusion.

scholarly journals Use of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as predictors and diagnostic tool of acute appendicitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Kafiah Rahed ◽  
Tariq Midhat ◽  
Noor Raheef
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Healthy Persons

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PCT and CRP in patients with acute appendicitis. The study was conducted in Kirkuk city for the period from January, 2018 to April, 2018 on 50 patients with acute appendicitis with age group 15-54 years. Based on the clinical signs of patients, diagnostic tests and sonar rays, the number of patients with acute appendicitis was assigned to the present study. The study also included 40 healthy persons as control group . The study included the collection of 3 ml of venous blood for identification and measurement of PCT by using ELISA technique and CRP test by using Commercial manual kits. The study also included taking of full information from cases like living situation, age . The study indicated that the maximum mean of PCT was observed in patients with acute appendicitis as compared with healthy persons (17.31±0.51 versus 6.22±0.34ng/ml) with highly significant difference between the two groups. The maximum rate of CRP +ve was observed in patients with acute appendicitis as compared with healthy persons (84% versus 10% ng/ml) with highly significant difference between the two groups. The study found that means of WBCs count and neutrophils count were significantly higher in patients with acute appendicitis as compared with healthy persons. The study showed that there was positive correlation of PCT and CRP with each of WBCs and neutrophil counts and a strong positive correlation of PCT with CRP in patients with acute appendicitis. The highest rate of patients with acute appendicitis (40%) was in the age group 15-24 years followed by the age group 25-34 years while the lowest rate was in the age group 45-54 years. It was concluded that PCT and CRP considered as in important non-invasive diagnostic tool of acute bacterial appendicitis

Study of Sexual Dimorphism in the Closure of Sagittal Suture – A Postmortem Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2319-2322
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ali Buzdar ◽  
Maryam Shahid ◽  
Kanwal Zahra ◽  
Muhammad Anwar Sibtain Fazli ◽  
Javaid Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sagittal Suture ◽  
Prime Task ◽  
Early Closure ◽  
Suture Closure ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Postmortem Examinations

Background: Performing identity is a prime task in medicolegal and postmortem examinations. Age is the first parameter that has to be determined followed by sex. There are several techniques through which sex can be determined. As well there are different anatomical, physiological and pathological parameters determination of sex. Aim: To determine the sexual dimorphism in the cranial sagittal suture closure macroscopically. Methods: All the cases for this purpose had been selected from those brought for autopsy in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, King Edward Medical University Lahore during the year 2016. Results: The statistical analysis revealed early closure in males than in females both ectocranially and endocranially with advancing age in the sagittal suture of cranial vault. The p value was found significant being less than 0.05 thereby establishing the fact that sexual dimorphism in the cranial sagittal suture exists. Conclusion: Conclusively the determination of sex is possible from the pattern of Cranial Sutures closure on autopsy table. Key words: Sex, Sagittal, Suture, Cranial

Relationships among Chronological Age, Intelligence, and Rate of Subjective Time

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Mc Grath ◽  
James F. O'Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Age ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Relationship

Relationships among 48 Ss' ages and IQs and their rates of subjective times (RST) were examined. A strong positive correlation was obtained between age and RST. In general the older the man, the faster was his RST. The strength of this relationship did depend, however, upon the interval of time S was required to estimate for the determination of his RST. In general, the shorter the interval the stronger was the relationship. No relationship was found between IQ and RST.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Comparison of Wits Appraisal and APP-BPP to the ANB Angle

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Sanzee Silwal ◽  
Rabindra Man Shrestha ◽  
Ujjwal Pyakurel ◽  
Sanjeev Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Groups

Introduction: Great emphasis has been given to the evaluation of sagittal apical base relationship in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Supposedly, the most commonly used parameter is “ANB angle”; however its accuracy and reliability have been questioned. Many authors have alternatively introduced linear parameters like Wits appraisal and APP-BPP. The objective of the study was to compare Wits appraisal and APP-BPP with the ANB angle. Materials & Method: This study was conducted on patients visiting the Department of Orthodontics, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu. The sample included 100 lateral cephalograms of subjects of the age group 18–30 years with skeletal Class I relation. Parameters like ANB angle, Wits appraisal and APP-BPP were measured to assess the sagittal jaw relationship. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each parameter. Spearman’s test was done to evaluate the correlation between the parameters. Mann-Whitney U test was done to compare the parameters between male and female subjects. Result: Descriptive statistics showed that the mean values of ANB, Wits appraisal and APP-BPP were 2.26±1.19°, 0.38±0.87mm and 3.25±1.20mm respectively. Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant difference among the parameters between the gender groups (p>0.05). Spearman’s test showed significant correlation among the parameters ANB angle, Wits appraisal and APP-BPP. The parameters had strong positive correlation as r value was greater than 0.7. Conclusion: The strong positive correlation between ANB angle, Wits appraisal and APP-BPP indicates that these parameters can be used as better adjunct to ANB angle in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

scholarly journals Evolutionary phenome-genome analysis of cranial suture closure in mammals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Esteve-Altava ◽  
Fabio Barteri ◽  
Xavier Farré ◽  
Gerard Muntané ◽  
Juan Francisco Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Size ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Cranial Suture ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Stress Diffusion ◽  
Suture Closure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Development And Evolution

ABSTRACTCranial sutures are growth and stress diffusion sites that connect the bones protecting the brain. The closure of cranial suture is a key feature of mammalian late development and evolution, which can also lead to head malformations when it occurs prematurely (craniosynostosis). To unveil the phenotypic and genetic causes of suture closure in evolution, we examined 48 mammalian species searching for (i) causal links between suture patency, brain size, and diet using phylogenetic path analysis; and (ii) instances of genome-phenome convergence amino acid substitutions. Here we show that brain size and the anteroposterior order of ossification of the skull are the two main causes of sutures patency in evolution. We also identified three novel candidate genes for suture closure in evolution (HRNR, KIAA1549, and TTN), which have never been reported in clinical studies of craniosynostosis. Our results suggest that different genetic pathways underlie cranial suture closure in evolution and disease.

scholarly journals Immunity to Diphtheria in a Sample of the Canadian Adult Population

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Pelletier ◽  
Philippe Duclos ◽  
Peter Gill ◽  
Adamedia Deforest
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin ◽  
Antibody Levels

OBJECTIVE: To assess immunity to diphtheria in a sample of Canadian adults.DESIGN: A seroprevalence study of a group of plasmapheresis donors was performed over a four-month period in 1996. A convenience sample of 1619 sera was collected to obtain a good distribution by age groups and centres. The determination of diphtheria antitoxin concentrations was performed by neutralization of diphtheria toxin in cell culture.SUBJECTS: A total of 1619 plasmapheresis donors from Halifax, Quebec City, London, Calgary and Edmonton were studied.RESULTS: Of the 1619 sera, 20.3% tested showed susceptibility to diphtheria (antitoxin concentration less than 0.01 IU/mL). The proportion of susceptibles increased from 9.5% in subjects 30 to 39 years of age to 36.3% in those 60 years of age or more. The age group 20 to 29 years demonstrated a higher proportion of susceptibles (18.3%) than the next age group (30 to 39 years) in four of the five centres. Significant differences in antibody levels were also observed among the centres. There was no statistically significant difference between sexes.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, detectable antibody and presumably immunity to diphtheria in the present sample of Canadian adults is relatively good. However, reason(s) for the relatively high proportion of susceptibles in those aged 20 to 29 years of age in certain centres, as well as why Canada has not experienced any diphtheria outbreaks in the past 20 years given these susceptibility levels, should be investigated further.

Interference of fetal hemoglobin with the spectrophotometric measurement of carboxyhemoglobin.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J Vreman ◽  
R B Ronquillo ◽  
R L Ariagno ◽  
H C Schwartz ◽  
D K Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Spectrophotometric Measurement ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Positive Correlation

Abstract We measured the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in blood samples from 32 neonates by spectrophotometry (IL282 CO-Oximeter) and gas chromatography, finding a strong positive correlation (r = 0.89) between the concentration of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) and HbCO as measured by spectrophotometry, but not by gas chromatography. Thus, Hb F interferes with the determination of HbCO by spectrophotometric techniques by falsely increasing apparent HbCO in direct proportion to Hb F. We conclude that, when Hb F is known or suspected to be present, blood HbCO cannot be reliably determined by methods based on spectrophotometry.

scholarly journals Utility of Nuclear Morphometry in Predicting Grades of Diffusely Infiltrating Gliomas

ISRN Oncology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dibyajyoti Boruah ◽  
Prabal Deb
Keyword(s):  
Major Axis ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Nuclear Area ◽  
Tumour Grade ◽  
Neoplastic Tissue ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Immense Potential

Introduction. The ability to reliably differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic specimen and ascertain the tumour grade of diffusely infiltrating gliomas (DIGs) is often challenging. Aims and Objective. To evaluate utility of image morphometry in identifying DIG areas and to predict tumour grade. Materials and Methods. Image morphometry was used to analyze the following nuclear features of 30 DIGs and 10 controls (CG): major axis of nucleus (MAJX), minor axis of nucleus (MINX), nuclear area (NA), nuclear perimeter (NP), nuclear roundness (NR), nuclear density (ND), and percentage of total nuclear area (%TNA). Results. Statistically significant differences in all parameters, except NR, were observed between all groups, with strong positive correlation with tumour grade (r>0.7). The mean values were maximum for HGG and minimum for CG. For NR, the difference between CG/HGG was statistically significant, unlike CG/LGG and LGG/HGG. It was observed that NA distributions for CG were nearly Gaussian type with smaller range, while gliomas displayed erratic pattern with larger range. NA and NP exhibited strong positive correlation with ND. Conclusion. Image morphometry has immense potential in being a powerful tool to distinguish normal from neoplastic tissue and also to differentiate LGG from HGG cases, especially in tiny stereotactic biopsies.

scholarly journals OSTEOMETRY OF FEMUR WITH ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jha ◽  
R Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Vertical Diameter ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Femur osteometry is important for establishing individual identity, designing of prosthesis for hip replacement surgeries, nail application, and determination of age and sex. Review of previous study showed a lack of extensive database. This study was undertaken to build baseline data for femur osteometry in North Indian population. Material & Methods: One hundred and fifteen dry human femur of undetermined age and gender were collected for this study. Parameters namely length of femur, vertical diameter of head, transverse diameter of head, epicondylar breadth and neck shaft angle were measured using a vernier calliper. Data was analysed statistically using SPSS 19 software. Results: The mean values for length, vertical diameter head, transverse diameter head , epicondylar breadth and neck shaft angle were 418.16+27.34 mm, 38.43 ± 3.87mm, 35.41 ± 3.76mm, 72.06 ± 6.55mm and 121.5 º ± 6.14 respectively for the studied population. Conclusion: Study signifies the importance of collecting ostemetric data of femur for a specific population due to ethnic and environmental factors affecting it.

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