scholarly journals The Effect of Mushrooms Trichoderma sp. and Its Secondary Metabolites on Suppression of Fusarium sp. and Growth of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum mill.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Agus Suyanto ◽  
Agnes Tutik Purwani Irianti ◽  
Hamdani Hamdani ◽  
Ismail Astar ◽  
Dwi Nurteto
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Number Of Branches

<em>This study aims to determine the interaction effect of the type and dose of Trichoderma sp. and its secondary metabolites on suppression of Fusarium sp. wilt disease and its effect on the growth of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum mill.). This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) which consisted of two factors. The first factor is the type of application (J) which consists of three levels of treatment, namely: J1 = Trichoderma sp., J2 = Secondary metabolites. J3 = Trichoderma sp. + Secondary metabolites, while the second factor is the application dose (D) which consists of three treatment levels, namely: D1 = 10 ml/plant, D2 = 20 ml/plant, D3 = 30 ml/plant. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 81 tomato plants and added 9 control treatment plants. The parameters observed were the percentage of wilt disease, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaflets, and number of branches. The results showed that in laboratory testing, the mushrooms Trichoderma sp. and secondary metabolites can inhibit the growth of the mushrooms Fusarium sp. In research in the field, treatment with Trichoderma sp., secondary metabolites, and Trichoderma sp. + secondary metabolites, with various spore densities and applied 7 days before planting can reduce the wilting percentage to 0%. The interaction treatment of type and application dose had a very significant effect on the number of leaflets, and had a significant effect on stem diameter but had no significant effect on plant height and number of branches. The highest results on the variable plant height and number of leaflets were found in the J3D3 treatment with a height of 82.67 cm and a number of leaflets of 85.11 strands. The highest results on the stem diameter variable were found in the J1D3 treatment with a diameter of 6.59 mm, while the variable number of branches was found in the J3D1 treatment with 1.35 branches.</em>

scholarly journals PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN MULSA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) PADA MUSIM PENGHUJAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amelia Nur Suprianto ◽  
Tri Kurniastuti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Branches

This research aims 1) To determine the effect of interaction of different plant spacing and the provision of mulch to growth and yield of tomato plants. 2) To know the different spacing affect the growth and yield of tomato plants. 3) To know the use of mulch type effect on growth and yield of tomato plants. This research was conducted by using Randomized Block Design in Factorial (RAK) with 2 factors, first factor is plant spacing (J) consisting of 3 levels ie 40x30 cm (J1), 40x50 cm (J2), 40x70 cm (J3) . The second factor is mulch (M) consisting of 3 levels ie: without mulch (M0 / control), straw mulch (M1), plastic mulch (M2). The variables observed were plant height, number of branches, number of bunches, number of fruit, and fruit weight. Data were analyzed by using variance analysis (Anova), 5% level. The results showed that: There was no interaction between plant spacing and mulch on growth and yield of tomato plants. Treatment spacing 40x50 (J2) effect on the number of bunches of 35 HST, the weight of the first harvest fruit and total fruit weight. The use of straw mulch type (M1) has an effect on plant height, number of branches, number of 35 HST bunches, and total fruit weight.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN MULSA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) PADA MUSIM PENGHUJAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amelia Nur Suprianto ◽  
Tri Kurniastuti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Branches

This research aims 1) To determine the effect of interaction of different plant spacing and the provision of mulch to growth and yield of tomato plants. 2) To know the different spacing affect the growth and yield of tomato plants. 3) To know the use of mulch type effect on growth and yield of tomato plants. This research was conducted by using Randomized Block Design in Factorial (RAK) with 2 factors, first factor is plant spacing (J) consisting of 3 levels ie 40x30 cm (J1), 40x50 cm (J2), 40x70 cm (J3) . The second factor is mulch (M) consisting of 3 levels ie: without mulch (M0 / control), straw mulch (M1), plastic mulch (M2). The variables observed were plant height, number of branches, number of bunches, number of fruit, and fruit weight. Data were analyzed by using variance analysis (Anova), 5% level. The results showed that: There was no interaction between plant spacing and mulch on growth and yield of tomato plants. Treatment spacing 40x50 (J2) effect on the number of bunches of 35 HST, the weight of the first harvest fruit and total fruit weight. The use of straw mulch type (M1) has an effect on plant height, number of branches, number of 35 HST bunches, and total fruit weight.

scholarly journals Field Performance Evaluation of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) to the Application of Different Organic Wastes under Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
S. A. Adeosun ◽  
A. O. Togun
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Number Of Branches

Aims: To assess the field establishment of two tea cultivars under Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH) and Poultry Manure (PM). Study Design: Randomized complete block design arranged in Split-plots (cultivars as main plots and organic amendments as sub-plots) with four replications. Place and Duration of Study: Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria stations in Ibadan and Owena, Southwest Nigeria between May 2016 and November 2017 (Rainy and dry seasons of 2016; Rainy season of 2017).  Methodology: Milled CPH and cured PM were applied each at the rates of 150 and 300 kg Nha-1 to established C143 and C318 tea cultivars on the field; unfertilized tea cultivars served as control. Data on number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, plant height and stem diameter were collected on monthly basis; while dry matter was assessed at 15 months after transplanting. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and correlation at α.05. Results: The C143 performed better than C318 and 150 kg Nha-1 of CPH and PM enhanced the vegetative growth and dry matter of tea better than 300 kg Nha-1 in Ibadan and Owena. Cultivar 143 was significantly (P=0.05) better than cultivar 318 in number of leaves, number of branches and stem diameter in Ibadan; and in number of leaves and leaf area in Owena. CPH at 150 kg Nha-1 increased number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, plant height and total dry matter by 135.11, 88.19, 346.12, 65.33 and 428.11% at Ibadan; and by 349.09, 245.41, 376.89, 80.89 and 231.49% at Owena, compared to control. On the interaction, tea cultivar 143 that received 150 kg Nha-1 CPH produced significantly (P=0.05) higher number of leaves, leaf area and total dry matter at Ibadan and Owena. Leaf area was positively correlated with number of leaves (r=0.87) in Ibadan and stem diameter (r=0.80) in Owena. Conclusion: CPH at 150 kg Nha-1 enhanced the growth and dry matter content of C143 tea established on the field in Ibadan and Owena, and is therefore recommended for tea cultivation in Southwest of Nigeria.

scholarly journals PENGAPLIKASIAN RADIASI ELEKTROMAGNETIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum Annum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagus Santoso ◽  
Amarullah Amarullah ◽  
Dwi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Screen House ◽  
Number Of Branches

ABSTRACT  Chili Plants (Capsicum annum L.) originating from the tropics and subtropicsAmericas, especially Colombia, South America, and continue to spread to Latin America. Evidence of chili cultivation was first discovered in Peru's historical siteand leftover seeds that are more than 5000 years old BC in a cave in Tehuacan, Mexico. The spread of chili to the whole world including countries in Asia, like Indonesia carried out by Spanish and Portuguese traders. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the growth and yield of red chilies in the city of Tarakan.This research was conducted from September 2018 to January 2019, at the screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Borneo Tarakan University. This study was prepared using factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 treatments repeated 5 times. The factors studied were large electromagnetic radiation 56 microtesla with exposure time (P0) 0 minutes, (P1) 20 minutes, (P2) 40 minutes, (P3) 60 minutes, (P4) 80 minutes. Observation parameters; plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter and number of branches. Analysis of variance using variance ANOVA with a confidence level of 95% and if it is significantly different it will be continued with DMRT further testing.The results of the study show that: 1) Observation parameters that showed statistically significant differences were parameters of plant height, number of branches and number of leaves while parameters that did not show different results were parameters of leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter., 2) The best treatment for each observation parameter is P2 treatment (exposure to electromagnetic radiation for 40 minutes), and the lowest treatment is treatment P0 (without exposure to electromagnetic radiation). Suggestions from this study should be carried out further research on the use of electromagnetic radiation in the vegetative phase until the results of red chili plants (Capsicum annum L.)Keywords: chili, electromagnetics radiation, Randomized Block Design  ABSTRAK Tanaman cabai (Capsicum annum L.) berasal dari dunia tropika dan subtropika Benua Amerika, khususnya  Colombia, Amerika Selatan, dan terus menyebar ke Amerika Latin. Bukti budidaya cabai pertama kali ditemukan dalam tapak galian sejarah Peru dan sisaan biji yang telah berumur lebih dari 5000 tahun SM di dalam gua di Tehuacan, Meksiko. Penyebaran cabai ke seluruh dunia termasuk negara-negara di Asia, seperti Indonesia dilakukan oleh pedagang Spanyol dan Portugis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh radiasi elektromagnetik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah di kota Tarakan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tahun 2018, di screen house Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 5 perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu besar radiasi elektromagnetik 56 mikrotesla dengan lama pemaparan (P0) 0 menit, (P1) 20 menit, (P2) 40 menit, (P3) 60 menit, (P4) 80 menit. Parameter pengamatan; tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, diameter batang dan jumlah cabang. Analisis ragam menggunakan sidik ragam Anova dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan apabila berbeda nyata maka akan dilanjut dengan uji lanjut DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Parameter pengamatan yang menunjukkan hasil berbeda nyata secara statistik adalah parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang dan jumlah daun sedangkan parameter yang tidak menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nayata adalah parameter panjang daun, lebar daun dan diameter batang, 2) Perlakuan terbaik untuk setiap parameter pengamatan adalah perlakuan P2 (pemaparan radiasi elektromagnetik selama 40 menit), dan perlakuan terendah adalah perlakuan P0 (tanpa pemaparan radiasi elektromagnetik). Saran dari penelitian ini sebaiknya dilakukan penelitian lanjutan mengenai penggunaan radiasi elektromagnetik pada fase vegetatif sampai hasil tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annum L.)Kata kunci : cabai merah, radiasi elektromagnetik, Rancangan Acak Kelompok

Evaluation of the Ornamental Potential of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gérsia Gonçalves De Melo ◽  
Djayran Sobral Costa ◽  
Vivian Loges ◽  
Simone Santos Lira Silva ◽  
Demerson Arruda Sanglard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Branches

Aims: To evaluate the ornamental potential of two safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.): ICA 73, ICA 193, grown under protected environment. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agronomy of Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, between March and May 2017. Methodology: The methodology addressed evaluated the performance of the two genotypes, through three experiments. The first experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, being evaluated: plant height; stem diameter; leaf dentin; spinescent margin of the leaves; number of branches; number of flower buds; spinescent margin of the bracts; flowering, and flower production. The second one was conducted in a randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme, and the following variables were evaluated: plant height; stem diameter; number of branches; number of flower buds; and flower production. Finally, the third experiment used a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme and evaluated the variables: Number of flowers; number of flower buds and post-harvest durability. The analysis of variance was performed using the F test at 5% of probability and, afterwards, the regression or comparison analysis of averages by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. Results: The ICA 73 access showed plants with high flower production and the ICA 193 exhibited plants with weak or moderate spinescent margin of the leaves and bracts, besides good uniformity of the anthesis of the flowers. Conclusion: Both accesses showed ornamental potential, demonstrating precocity, beauty and durability of the flowers. The density of one plant was the most favorable for pot plant and cut flower. The semi-open flowers harvest point was the best for maintaining the stem quality.

scholarly journals Growth responses of potted chrysanthemum “Armita Agrihorti” variety at various concentration of bio-urine liquid fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Yuniarti ◽  
Rika Meilasari ◽  
Firmansyah Aznur
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Number Of Branches

Nutrients are needed to increase crop production. Liquid fertilizer (bio-urine), which macro elements, easily absorbed by plants and quickly shows results with optimum concentration, is one of the organic fertilizers that can be used as a trigger for the growth of potted chrysanthemums. The aim of this study to determine the optimum concentration of bio-urine in potted chrysanthemum cultivation. This research was conducted from October to December 2020 at West Sumatera AIAT’s greenhouse on altitude of 1000 m above sea level, was designed with a Randomized Complete Block Design and five replications. Observed consist of five concentrations of bio-urine, namely (1) 200 ml L-1 of water, (2) 100 ml L-1 of water, (3) 66.67 ml L-1 of water, (4) 50 ml L-1 and (5) 40 ml L-1 of water. Parameters observed were plant height, number and length of internodes, number of branches, stem diameter, flower initiation, number and diameter of flowers, and petiole length. The result shows that Bio-urine with a concentration of 100 ml L-1 of water produces potted chrysanthemum with optimum parameters of plant height, number of internodes, number of branches, stem diameter, number of flowers, flower diameter, and petiole length.

scholarly journals Performance of Soybean Genotypes Selected on Shade Environment Under Rubber Stands

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yulia Alia ◽  
Nerty Soverda ◽  
Ardiyaningsih Puji Lestari ◽  
Miranti Sari Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Number Of Branches

Research was aimed to evaluate  performance of new genotypes of soybean selected in shaded environment under rubber stands and compare it with superior soybean varieties. Field experiment was arranged in a simple Randomized Block Design. Treatments comprised five levels namely four soybean genotypes selected in artificial shade and one shade tolerant superior soybean variety as a check. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. Experimental unit was a plot with size 3 m x 2 m  with 100 plant population. Ten plants were used as samples. Observations were made on growth and yield variables. Such variables were plant height, number of branches, and stem diameter, while the observed yield variables included number of pod per plant, 100 seed weight, and seed weight of 10 plants. Observed data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test at α 5% level to compare the tested genotypes. Results showed that all the tested soybean genotypes gave the same performance with superior varieties of Anjasmoro in terms of stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed weight of 10 stems of the plant. The difference was seen in of plant height where the selection genotypes were significantly shorter than  Anjasmoro Variety.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FORAGE YIELD AND CHARACTERS IN SOME NARBONNE VETCH (VICIA NARBONENSIS L.) CULTIVARS SOWN IN EARLY SPRING AT SUBTROPICAL CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 394-400
Author(s):  
Hazım Serkan Tenikecier ◽  
Adnan Orak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Number Of Branches

The aim of this research was to determine relationships among forage yield and its some characters in Narbonne vetch cultivars sown in early spring at subtropical conditions. This investigation was conducted between 2016-2018 years at Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department Research and Experimental Area in randomized complete block design with three replications. Three Narbonne vetch (Bozdağ, Dikili and Özgen) cultivars were used. The plant height, number of branches per plant, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant were determined in ten plants. The plant height, number of branches per plant, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, herbage and hay yields ranged from 40.75-43.09 cm, 1.67-2.72, 5.70-6.57 mm, 10.27-13.73 t ha-1 and 2.28-2.89 t ha-1, respectively, in Narbonne vetch cultivars. A statistically significant and positive relationships were determined between herbage yield and hay yield, between stem diameter and herbage yield and between stem diameter and hay yield. The correlation coefficients analysis showed that the strongest effective trait on herbage yield in Narbonne vetch was the stem diameter. Stem diameter trait can be considered as the primary selection criteria for improving herbage yield in Narbonne vetch at early spring sowing in similar ecological conditions

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOIL COMPACTION AND CO-INOCULATION WITH Azospirillum brasilense ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEANUT PLANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1059
Author(s):  
LAURA CRISTINA REZENDE DAS NEVES ◽  
SALOMÃO LIMA GUIMARÃES ◽  
EDNA MARIA BONFIM-SILVA ◽  
ANALY CASTILHO POLIZEL DE SOUZA ◽  
DANIELA TIAGO DA SILVA CAMPOS
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Number Of Branches

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with rhizobium and co -inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on phytometric characteristics of peanut plants grown in Latossolo Vermelho (Oxisol) with and without compaction. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a randomized block design in a 5x2 factorial scheme and 4 replicates, totaling 40 experimental units. Treatments were composed by commercial inoculant for peanuts (SEMIA 6144 strain); MT 15 strain; combination of MT 15 + A. brasilense; nitrogen control and absolute control. Plant height, number of leaves, number of branches per plant, stem diameter and Falker chlorophyll index were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant, to Tukey test at 1% probability level. For the variables plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and stem diameter, the results were similar for all treatments, except for the absolute control and number of branches at 90 days after emergence (DAE) and stem diameter at 30 and 90 DAE. For stem diameter at 30 DAE, the results were similar to those found in the treatments with co -inoculation, commercial inoculant and nitrogen fertilization. There was interaction for Falker chlorophyll index at 60 DAE, with the best result found in the MT 15 strain. Inoculation with MT15 and co-inoculation with A. brasilense promoted good performance in peanut crop in terms of phytometric characteristics in soil with and without compaction.

scholarly journals Growth and production of irrigated vitória pineapple grown in semi-arid conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodinei Facco Pegoraro ◽  
Bruna Aparecida Madureira de Souza ◽  
Victor Martins Maia ◽  
Uirá do Amaral ◽  
Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Semi Arid

This study aimed to evaluate the growth characteristics of irrigated Vitória pineapple plants grown in semi-arid conditions and determine its developmental stages based on those characteristics. It was used a randomized block design with four replicates. The experimental treatments were: plant harvest at 270, 330, 390, 450, 510, 570, 690, 750, and 810 days after planting (DAP). The following variables were determined: plant height, stem diameter, D-leaf length, D-leaf fresh and dry mass, biomass production of plants and plant parts (organs), and vegetative biomass. Five phenological stages are proposed based on vegetative biomass production: < 20% biomass production (V1); 21-40% (V2); 41-60% (V3); 61-80% (V4); and > 80% (V5). The maximum growth rate for plant height, D-leaf length, and stem diameter was observed at the end of the phenological stage V1 (390-411 DAP), and at the end of stage V5 these plant traits had average values of 106, 82, and 7 cm, respectively. The maximum biomass accumulation rates were observed at stages V4 and V5, resulting in a final fruit yield and total fresh biomass of 72 t ha-1 and 326 t ha-1, respectively. Finally, we estimated that 80% of the accumulated biomass may remain in the field after fruit and slip harvest, and could be incorporated as plant residue into the soil.

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