CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF COMMERCIAL AND OFFICE SECRETS AS COMPONENT PARTS OF THE ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Ulugbek Khadzhiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Commercial Secret ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Properties Of Information

This article analyzes the concept of official and commercial secrets as part of an enterprise as an object of civil law relations, their legal foundations, the meaning of their main features, as well as contractual legal problems arising in connection with them. In addition, we will talk about the differences between the concepts of "commercial secret" and "official secret" on the subjects of transactions, official secret in relations of an administrative nature, the secret of an economic entity, on the circumstances that are not protected by patent protection.In addition, the properties of information included in ranks of commercial secrets are disclosed

scholarly journals ISSUES OF CIVIL REGULATION CALCULATIONS IN AGRICULTURE

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulash Umarov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Civil Regulation ◽  
Role Based

One of the main sources of providing economic growth of agriculture and maintenance welfare life of population of Uzbekistan is required to develop step-by-step legislation. It regulates legal relations linked with calculations in agriculture and constantly its legal basis by virtue of theory, studies and principles of civil law according to the frames of reforms. The main goal of providing social-economic reforms in agriculture of Uzbekistan is to hardly continue maintaining successful life of country, and apropos of this increasing the size of producing in agriculture which based on competitive market, widening new range of production. Uninterruptedly continuing the strategy of economic reforms directed to provide successfully execution of governmental programs which aimed to develop diversified farm enterprise – studying legal problems of civil legal regulation of social-economic and investments relations play the main role based on calculations of current industry.

scholarly journals Legal Problems of the Information Services Implementation in Russian Civil Law

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandrovna Volkova ◽  
Lubov Borisovna Sitdikova ◽  
Svetlana Jurievna Starodumova ◽  
Anna Leonidovna Shilovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Services Implementation

Problems of Jurisdictional Protection of Rights to Commercial Secret

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
A. B. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Trade Secrets ◽  
Confidential Information ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Commercial Secret ◽  
The Right

In case of violation of the right to trade secrets and the need for jurisdictional protection of confidential information of the enterprise, copyright holders face a number of legal problems and a number of commercial risks. The author makes an attempt to generalize and systematize the practice of courts of general jurisdiction on the described problems and assesses the effectiveness of the application of jurisdictional methods of protecting trade secrets.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Barbara Havelková ◽  
Mathias Möschel
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Institutional Choices ◽  
Over Time

The Introduction draws together the chapters’ findings in relation to the two research questions which have animated the project. The first question asked how anti-discrimination law fares in civil law jurisdictions of Europe and how it fits into them. The Introduction notes that while anti-discrimination law is still seen as a foreign transplant and a legal irritant in many places, it does not uniformly fare poorly. Its success varies and appears to depend not only on the country, but also the area of law, the actors involved, a particular concept or ground of discrimination, and has often evolved over time. The second question asked what factors influence anti-discrimination law’s fit or lack of it. ‘Legal’ as well as ‘extra-legal’ aspects seem to favour or hinder anti-discrimination law, but as they are often not always clearly separable and distinguishable, we locate four types of factors on a spectrum. On the legal side, pre-existing legislation and case law have played a role as have institutional choices. Constitutional and legal foundations and narratives, such as the myth of ‘universalism’ in France, have also influenced the success of anti-discrimination law. Finally, the wider political and social context is discussed, noting that the individual, liberty-oriented politics of common law countries, with their greater reflection of issues of cultural recognition, might be more easily compatible with anti-discrimination law, while the more communitarian, collective approach of continental European countries, with their emphasis on dignity and social-welfare solutions to social problems, might be less so.

scholarly journals Akibat Hukum Terdegradasinya Akta Notaris yang Tidak Memenuhi Syarat Pembuatan Akta Autentik

Acta Comitas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Agus Toni Purnayasa
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Made In

As a Public Officer with the intention to make an authentic deed, the Notary often acts inadvertently and inadvertently, it can certainly lead to legal problems. Authentic deeds made by Notary also do not rule out can be a deed under the hands. Notarial deeds as authentic deeds that have perfect evidentiary power in civil law disputes may, in fact, degenerate from the perfect evidentiary power to such a deed under the hand, and may be legally defamatory resulting in the disregard or invalidity of the Notary's deed. Based on the background of the problem can be formulated as follows, how a deed can be said or categorized as an authentic deed and how authentic deeds can experience the degradation of the power of proof into the deed under the hands. This research is normative law research. The results of the study conclude that the Notary Act can be an authentic deed if it meets the formalities that are already determined based on the rules contained in the provisions of Article 1868 Civil Code and jo UUJN. Based on the provisions of Article 1868 Civil Code must be fulfilled the requirements of authentic deed and authentic deed must be made in accordance with the format specified in accordance with the provisions of Article 38 UUJN and Deed can be degraded into deed under the hand if violating the provisions of Article 1868 Civil Code jo UUJN. Sebagai Pejabat Umum yang berwenag untuk membuat akta autentik, Notaris sering kali bertindak tidak hati-hati dan tidak seksama, sehingga apa yang diisyaratkan oleh undang-undang yaitu tentang syarat pembuatan akta autentik kadang kala tidak diperhatikan oleh pejabat umum yang berwenang untuk membuat Akta Autentik khusunya dalam hal ini adala Notaris, hal tersebut tentunya dapat menimbulkan permasalahan hukum. Akta autentik yang dibuat oleh Notaris juga tidak menutup kemungkinan dapat menjadi akta di bawah tangan. Akta Notaris sebagai akta autentik yang memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna dalam sengketa hukum perdata, ternyata dapat mengalami penurunan status (degradasi) dari kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna menjadi seperti akta dibawah tangan, dan dapat cacat hukum yang menyebabkan kebatalan atau ketidakabsahan akta Notaris tersebut. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan tersebut maka dapat dirumuskan permasalah sebagai berikut, Apa Akibat hukum dari suatu akta autentik yang terdegradasi Bagaimanakah akta autentik tersebut dapat mengalami degradasi kekuatan pembuktian menjadi akta di bawah tangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil studi menyimpulkan bahwa akta Notaris dapat menjadi akta yang autentik apabila memenuhi formalitas-formalitas yang memang sudah ditentukan berdasarkan aturan yang ada dalam  ketentuan Pasal 1868 KUH Perdata dan jo UUJN. Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 1868 KUH Perdata haruslah dipenuhi syarat akta autentik serta akta otentik haruslah dibuat sesuai dengan format yang sudah ditentukan berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 38 UUJN dan Akta Notaris dapat terdegradasi menjadi akta di bawah tangan apabila melanggar ketentuan Pasal 1868 KUH Perdata  jo UUJN.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Asuransi terhadap Risiko Pelaksanaan Jabatan Notaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-179
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa Noor Asufie ◽  
Yulia Qamariyanti ◽  
Rachmadi Usman
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Public Official ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Conducting Research

A notary is a public official appointed by an authorized official who plays a role in the field of civil law. The authority of the Notary is regulated in Article 15 of Act Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendment to Law Number 30 Year 2004 concerning Acts of Notary Position. Regarding the authority of the Notary as a public official (openbaar ambtenaar) who has the authority to make authentic deeds can be burdened with responsibility for the authentic deed he made. The need for legal protection for Notaries against these risks, it is necessary to have an insurance / notary position insurance as a way of transferring risk. The legal problems that occur are the absence of an insurance product / Notary position insurance and the form of insurance / notary position insurance. The purpose of this study is to identify the urgency and form of insurance / coverage of the Notary Position. Legal research conducted is normative legal research by conducting research on the legal system. Legal research conducted by the author using a legislative approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The urgency of the use of insurance protection / coverage of the Notary position is an important one as a way of transferring the risks faced by Notaries and as a form of maximum legal protection for Notaries in the execution of positions. The use of insurance / coverage against the risk of implementing a Notary can be in the form of Professional insurance more specifically in the form of Notary insurance which is part of insurance / general coverage which is insurance / loss coverage in the form of new products made by insurance companies / insurance as fulfillment of insurance / insurance needs for Notary in carrying out the position of Notary

Theoretical and legal problems of dynamics of changes of the civil law

10.12737/983 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Георгий Писарев ◽  
Georgiy Pisarev
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
System Change ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Theoretical Developments

The ongoing reform in the Russian civil legislation is estimated by the author considering theoretical developments on the forms of institutional change. On the example of the influence of new legislation on property relations, in this article we prove the absence of a key element for this type of transformation. Reform of the civil law has no common strategic goals in the entire legal system. The absence of one time and system change of regulation not only in the sphere of civil law, but also in the land, administrative and other industries could have a negative impact on the efficiency of transformation.

scholarly journals Judicial Power in Latin America: a Short Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Miguel-Stearns
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Judicial Power ◽  
Short Survey ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Judicial Authority

AbstractThis article, written by Teresa M. Miguel-Stearns, explores the vast differences in judicial authority not only between the common law and civil law traditions, but also among various countries steeped in the civil law tradition in Latin America. Judicial review, certiorari, precedent, and other functions and characteristics of the judiciaries of five distinctly different countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico) are compared and contrasted with each other and with the common law tradition. This evaluation demonstrates that despite their, arguably, similar distant histories and legal foundations, each country has evolved into a unique legal system with significant differences in the treatment of the judiciary and its jurisprudence.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PRINSIP ULTIMUM REMEDIUM DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Mas Putra Zenno
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
State Owned Enterprise ◽  
Civil Economy ◽  
Technical Director

ABSTRAKPutusan Nomor 2149 K/PID.SUS/2011 memberikan vonis lepas dari segala tuntutan hukum kepada terdakwa sebagai direktur teknik PT PKT dalam kasus pengadaan rotor gas turbin generator. Majelis hakim dalam salah satu dari sekian banyak pertimbangan hukumnya menyatakan bahwa perbuatan terdakwa bukan lingkup tindak pidana tetapi lingkup hukum ekonomi keperdataan. Permasalahan yang ditarik dalam jurnal ini, bagaimanakah penerapan prinsip ultimum remedium dalam Putusan Nomor 2149 K/PID.SUS/2011? Metode penelitian dalam jurnal ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, maksudnya adalah mengkaji permasalahan yang diteliti kemudian disinkronkan dengan perundang-undangan yang berlaku serta ajaran-ajaran hukum pidana yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang sedang diteliti. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa putusan ini dapat dimaknai telah menerapkan ultimum remedium di tengah-tengah problematika hukum terkait status keuangan BUMN persero. Ultimum remedium dalam hukum pidana memiliki pengertian bahwa apabila suatu perkara dapat ditempuh melalui jalur lain seperti hukum perdata ataupun hukum administrasi hendaklah jalur tersebut ditempuh sebelum mengoperasionalkan hukum pidana. Kata kunci: ultimum remedium, korupsi, BUMN.ABSTRACTCourt Decision Number 2149 K/PID.SUS/2011 sentenced the Defendant as the Technical Director of PT PKT, free from all charges in the case of procurement of gas turbine generator rotor. The Panel of Judges in one of their various legal considerations stated that the defendant’s conduct did not fall within the scope of the criminal act but the scope of the civil economy law. The research in this analysis is done using the method of normative juridical approach by studying and synchronizing the problems with the applicable statutory regulations and the teachings of the criminal law relating to the issues under examination. The result of this analysis indicates that the ruling of the Supreme Court could be interpreted to have applied ultimum remedium amidst legal problems related to the financial status of the State-Owned Enterprise Limited. Ultimium remedium in criminal law means that if a case can be reached through other channels such as civil law or administrative law, it should be taken prior to operationalize criminal law. Keywords: ultimum remedium, corruption, state-owned enterprise.

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