scholarly journals Delimitation of the experience factor in the decision to select international markets by Spanish SMEs: The influence of psychic distance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e368
Author(s):  
Pedro María Martínez Villar
Keyword(s):  
International Markets ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Psychic Distance ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Know How ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Experience Factor ◽  
The Relationship

The internationalization of SMEs is generally characterized by a progressive multi-stage process, in which organizations gradually acquire knowledge and skills that strengthen their commitment to the outside world. International experience – a form of autonomous accumulation of know-how that allows the understanding of potential markets – influences the decision-making process for selecting export markets. Although gradual acquisition of international experience allows an increase in export activity in more physically distant markets, this gradualist postulate does not have an indefinite validity. This paper analyzes the limits of this international experience in terms of psychic distance, examining whether those SMEs that have obtained enough international experience to develop markets of greater complexity tend to select more complex, i.e., more psychically distant, countries. The findings generally support the idea that the relationship between international experience and psychically distant markets ceases when SMEs have obtained enough international experience, after which it is the objectives of a strictly business nature which condition the decision to select potential markets. For these reasons, when the organization has obtained enough skills and international experience to develop markets of greater complexity, the managers choose to select more complex i.e., more psychically distant, countries.

Collaborative Technologies and Innovation in SMEs

2010 ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Angel L. Meroño-Cerdan ◽  
Pedro Soto-Acosta ◽  
Carolina Lopez-Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Collaborative Technologies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study seeks to assess the impact of collaborative technologies on innovation at the firm level. Collaborative technologies’ influence on innovation is considered here as a multi-stage process that starts at adoption and extends to use. Thus, the effect of collaborative technologies on innovation is examined not only directly, the simple presence of collaborative technologies, but also based on actual collaborative technologies’ use. Given the fact that firms can use this technology for different purposes, collaborative technologies’ use is measured according to three orientations: e-information, e-communication and e-workflow. To achieve these objectives, a research model is developed for assessing, on the one hand, the impact of the adoption and use of collaborative technologies on innovation and, on the other hand, the relationship between adoption and use of collaborative technologies. The research model is tested using a dataset of 310 Spanish SMEs. The results showed that collaborative technologies’ adoption is positively related to innovation. Also, as hypothesized, distinct collaborative technologies were found to be associated to different uses. In addition, the study found that while e-information had a positive and significant impact on innovation, e-communication and e-workflow did not.

MEASURING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS TO THE STRATEGIC COMPETITIVENESS OF ORGANIZATIONS: A REVIEW AND A MODEL

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIE GEISLER
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Knowledge Management Systems ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Intermediate Outcomes ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
The Relationship

Why and how do Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) contribute to the strategic competitiveness of organizations? This paper reviews the literature and proposes a model in which KMS is viewed from three different perspectives: (1) crucial resource; (2) driver of absorptive capacity; and (3) innovation adopted by the organization. The paper critiques the method used by KMS researchers whereby co-variation of KMS and competitiveness is utilized to study the relationship between these variables. The model proposed here is a multi-stage process. The successful use of KMS generates intermediate outcomes that in turn impact the organization and produces improved strategic competitiveness. The different approaches to KMS and the stage-process allow for the unique attributes of knowledge systems, different from information systems. The advantages and limitations of the model are discussed.

Bracken and cancer

1982 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. H. Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisThere is a high incidence of cancer in beef cows in certain sharply localised geographic calf-rearing areas in Britain and also in cattle in several other parts of the world. The tumours occur on farms which are highly infested with bracken fern and which have a history of bracken poisoning. Bracken is known to cause intestinal and bladder cancer in rats and recently the flavonol, quercetin, has been shown to be a mitogen and to be carcinogenic in rats. Bracken contains large amounts of quercetin. In addition the animals have a high incidence of papillomas of the alimentary tract and these transform to malignant tumours. A new and unique papilloma virus has been isolated from these tumours. Studies using genetic engineering and DNA hybridisation techniques have shown that both alimentary and urinary bladder tumours contain viral DNA sequences. The relationship between bracken, quercetin and viral DNA sequences is under investigation both in cattle and at the molecular biology level as two possible stages in a multi-stage process in the aetiology of a high incidence naturally occurring cancer.

scholarly journals WORSPACE OF THE COGNITIVE PROCESS AS A SPACE OF MENTAL CONSTRUCTS OF THE COGNITIVE MECHANISM OF THINKING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (191) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Tetyana Еmelyanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Model Representation ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Cognitive Memory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental Constructs ◽  
The Relationship

The article is dedicated the workspace of cognitive activities of the individual as a space of mental constructs of the cognitive mechanism of thinking. The relationship between of the mental constructs of cognitive space and the degree of development of cognitive abilities of the individual is studied. Thinking is considered as an unconscious process of constructing a modified model representation. The cognitive mechanism of thinking is represented as a multi-stage process of unconscious construction of the response signal in the form of a model representation of the sensory signal with consideration of information encoded in the cognitive memory space. The workspace of the thought process is considered from the perspective of modern cognitive science on modeling the activity of the neural system in the framework of the concept of neurodynamic organization and functional modes of the cognitive memory space. This approach allows us to understand the relationship between the workspace, mental constructs, the cognitive space of memory and cognitive abilities. The architecture, properties, internal mechanisms, and characteristics of the workspace are discussed. Since the workspace is formed by mental constructs, the analysis of the organization and functioning of internal mechanisms of mental constructs is performed. A dynamic instability of the workspace was found, which is caused by the dynamics of mental constructs. The study of the dynamics of mental spaces is revealed the stages of forming a response by mental constructs to a sensory signal. They can be defined as creating a mental space, creating response signal as the modified model representation, the fading of mental spaces with the display of the generated response in the cognitive memory space. Understanding thinking as a multi-stage process of "unconscious reinterpretation" of the received information can contribute to the improvement of educational technologies for the development of cognitive mechanisms of the cognitive process of the individual.

Determinants Considered by Consumers for Brand Selection - with Reference to Laptops in Albania

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Plloçi ◽  
Macit Koc
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Core Features

Abstract Purpose of the article There is relatively a big number of brands in the market of laptops nowadays in Albania. It appears that the number of brands offered in this market could easily be compared to the number of brands in Europe and even broader. The purpose of this study is to help Albanian vendors understand the criteria that consumers take into consideration when they make the decision to purchase a laptop. Methodology/methods The research is based on the collection and the analyses of the primary data collected through interviews to people like managers or employees who work in the sector of trading laptops or in businesses like education where laptops are broadly used recently; then a survey is done through a questionnaire delivered to customers who already own and use a laptop and customers who are potential buyers of laptops. Scientific aim The aim of the research is to identify if there are any relationships between the demographics of the consumers and the criteria of buying a laptop; on the other hand, to find out how is the relationship between the demographics and the features of different brands. Findings The study found out that Albanian consumers have good knowledge of laptops and their brands, and they use different sources of information for making their decisions in buying a laptop; it is found that there are relationships between some demographics like age or gender and the appraisal for some attributes of the laptops like price, design and high graphics card; it is also found that some technical features and other attributes of using laptops are some of the determinants that influence the laptops’ purchases. Conclusions It is realized that one of the most important demographics of the consumers is their age. Some core features like RAM, ROM, battery life, processor quality, light weight or attributes that are connected to the purposes of using the laptop computers like practicality and mobility in using them, work and studying processes, quick access to the internet are determinant factors which influence the decision making process of purchasing a laptop. I would recommend that future researches be focused also on the relationship between the customers’ income and their preferred brand or ranking brands according to the customers’ preferences. Such studies should also extend outside the city of Tirana.

Contractual Relationships among Artists, Record Labels, and Artist Management Companies in Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Ando
Keyword(s):  
Music Industry ◽  
Music Business ◽  
Know How ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
Employee Relationship ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Music Market ◽  
Japanese Music ◽  
The Relationship

Although Japan is the second largest music market in the world, the structure and practices of the music industry are little understood internationally. People overseas need to know how the music business works in Japan so that they can conduct business comfortably. The Japanese music industry has unique features in some respects. First, Japanese record labels remain heavily dependent on traditional physically packaged music although its profitability is much lower than that of digital distribution. Second, full-scale competition in the music copyright management business has just begun. While JASRAC monopolized this market for more than sixty years, the new entrant, NexTone has gradually increased the market share thanks to the frustration experienced by many music publishers and songwriters in their dealings with JASRAC. Third, the relationship between artists and artist management companies is more like an employer-employee relationship than a client-agent relationship. Artist management companies are fully invested in discovering, nurturing, and marketing young artists just the way big businesses handle their recruits. This chapter illuminates practices of the Japanese music industry for an international audience.

Career Adaptability and Career Decision Self-Efficacy: Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 089484532110124
Author(s):  
Graham B. Stead ◽  
Lindsey M. LaVeck ◽  
Sandra M. Hurtado Rúa
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Efficacy Measures ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Career Research ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between career adaptability and career decision self-efficacy was examined due to its importance for clients in the career development and career decision-making process. Multivariate meta-analyses using 18 studies with a total population of 6,339 participants were employed. Moderator variables important to this relationship were country of participants, mean age, and career adaptability measures. Estimated correlations between career adaptability subscales and career decision self-efficacy measures ranged from .36 to .44. Findings are discussed in relation to career research and counseling.

scholarly journals Portrait of the artist as a philosopher

2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232199468
Author(s):  
Jeannette Pols
Keyword(s):  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aesthetic Practice ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Relationship

The response asks about the relationship between artist and audience in the RAAAF artworks. Is the artist an Autonomous Innovator who breaches the ties with the past and the environment? Or is the aesthetic practice located in the creation of relationships around these objects, hence expanding the artwork by using know-how, experiences and enthusiasm of the audience/users?

scholarly journals Mind the gap: A tale of two curriculum fallacies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kathleen Graves
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum And Instruction ◽  
Teacher Educator ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Curriculum Developer ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Us ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Curricular Structure ◽  
The Relationship

Throughout my professional life, I have been interested in the relationship between teachers and curriculum. As someone who has taught languages, educated teachers, and developed curriculum and materials, I have been puzzled by the separation of curriculum and teaching. In the US, this separation is encapsulated in the phrase ‘curriculum and instruction’, where they are seen as separate domains of research and responsibility (Doyle, 1992; Kaplan & Owings, 2015). Indeed, as a teacher educator, I would often hear the refrain from teachers, ‘I know how to plan a good lesson, but I'm not sure what the big picture is. How do the lessons fit together as a whole?’ I interpreted this to mean that they did not have a sense of the overall curricular structure and aims for their students’ learning. As a materials and curriculum developer, I saw my responsibility as providing a map for teachers that would show how the parts added up to a sensible whole.

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