Istidlal Batalnya Wudlu (Perspektif Imam Hanafi dan Imam Syafi’i)

<p><em>This study aims to determine 1) How is Istidlal (the process of searching for and using arguments) to invalidate ablution according to Imam Hanafi and Imam Syafii and 2) What are the factors that cause the difference of opinion between Imam Hanafi and Imam Shafii regarding the cancellation of ablution. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with a comparative approach that compares the opinions of two scholars about the cancellation of wudlu. The research results obtained are: 1) Istidlal: Imam Hanafi's istidlal regarding the cancellation of ablution was inspired by analogues and qiyas, because he was nicknamed "ahlu alra'yu", while Imam Shafi'i's istidlal regarding the cancellation of ablution is to look for the rules and ushul of the problem of canceling wudlu, then after finding him combine it with a valid argument or basis and this is also chosen from a valid argument. 2) Factors: The factors that cause differences of opinion between Imam Hanafi and Imam Shafi'i regarding the cancellation of ablution are the time or era factor, the scientific factor possessed, the legal basis used, the search for a legal basis in determining the law, and the experience factor.</em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui, 1) <em>Istidlal</em> (proses pencarian dan penggunaan dalil) batalnya wudlu menurut Imam Hanafi dan Imam Syafii dan 2) Faktor-faktor apakah yang menyebabkan perbadaan pendapat antara Imam Hanafi dan Imam Syafii tentang batalnya wudlu. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan komparatif yang membandingkan pendapat dua ulama tentang batalnya wudlu. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah1)<em>Istidlal</em> Imam Hanafi tentang batalnya wudlu diilhami dengan analog dan qiyas, karena beliau dijuluki <em>”ahlu alra’yu”,</em>sedangkan <em>istidlal</em> Imam Syafi’i tentang batalnya wudlu yaitu dengan mencari kaidah-kaidah dan ushul dari permasalahan batalnya wudlu, kemudian setelah ditemukan beliau memadukan dengan dalil atau dasar yang dan ini pun dipilih dari dalil yang sahih. 2) Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perbedaan pendapat antara Imam Hanafi dan Imam Syafi’i tentang batalnya wudlu adalah faktor masa atau zaman, faktor Keilmuan yang dimiliki, faktor dasar hukum yang digunakan, faktor pencarian dasar hukum dalam menetapkan hukum, dan faktor Pengalaman.</p><p><em><br /></em></p>

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Sarjana Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian UNS untuk Bekerja di Bidang Pertanian

<em>This study aims to (1) determine the interest of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta to work in the agricultural sector, (2) to examine the factors that influence the interest of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture UNS to work in the agricultural sector, (3) to examine how the influence of factors that influence the interest of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture UNS to work in the agricultural sector</em>.<em> This research was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, UNS Surakarta. The method used in this study is a quantitative research method with survey techniques. The population in this study were alumni of the faculty of agriculture who graduated in 2019. The data processing was carried out by researchers using the classical assumption test, which consisted of normality test, linearity test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test. After completing the classical assumption test, the data analysis was continued with regression testing, F-test and T-test. The results showed that: (1) the interest of UNS agricultural graduates to work in agriculture was mostly in the high and sufficient category. (2) The perception factor of work in agriculture, experience, lifestyle, family environment and the closest social environment simultaneously have a significant influence on the interest of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture UNS to work in the agricultural sector. (3) The perception factor of work in agriculture, lifestyle, family environment and the closest social environment partially has a significant influence on the interest of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture UNS to work in the agricultural sector, while the experience factor partially does not have a significant influence.</em>

Enhancing Perceived Credibility During a Pandemic

The way a person orders his food is the next big thing that technology aims to change. The purpose of the study is to empirically examine the factors determining the behavioral intention of customers towards online food delivery services with food delivery aggregators in India. The study has segmented the online food delivery (OFD) dimension into two domains, namely performance and experience factors. Performance factor includes technical attributes like website quality including features like ease of navigation, information quality, and interaction and control over order. Experience factor includes constructs like convenience, price value, and perceived credibility. Three hundred four questionnaires were collected to empirically test the research model using PLS path modeling and important performance matrix approach. The data was collected during pandemic period when people needed to be ensured by the service provider of the hygiene and safety protocols followed by them, ensuring credibility.

Delimitation of the experience factor in the decision to select international markets by Spanish SMEs: The influence of psychic distance

The internationalization of SMEs is generally characterized by a progressive multi-stage process, in which organizations gradually acquire knowledge and skills that strengthen their commitment to the outside world. International experience – a form of autonomous accumulation of know-how that allows the understanding of potential markets – influences the decision-making process for selecting export markets. Although gradual acquisition of international experience allows an increase in export activity in more physically distant markets, this gradualist postulate does not have an indefinite validity. This paper analyzes the limits of this international experience in terms of psychic distance, examining whether those SMEs that have obtained enough international experience to develop markets of greater complexity tend to select more complex, i.e., more psychically distant, countries. The findings generally support the idea that the relationship between international experience and psychically distant markets ceases when SMEs have obtained enough international experience, after which it is the objectives of a strictly business nature which condition the decision to select potential markets. For these reasons, when the organization has obtained enough skills and international experience to develop markets of greater complexity, the managers choose to select more complex i.e., more psychically distant, countries.

A Study on Cognitive Affordance Analysis and BX Design of Flight Reservation Application UI

This study checked whether the application of the affordance design, which may improve the usability of the flight reservation application user, affects the brand's value, reliability, and loyalty, and sought an effective UI design plan of the flight reservation application. Researchers also checked the trend of changes in the flight reservation environment through theoretical study, and derived factors to analyze the impact of affordance design on user experience and brand experience. As for main analysis, the effect of the affordance design factor on the user experience and the effect of the usability factor on the brand experience has been checked using statistical analysis, and the effect priority of the affordance design factor by usability factor and the effect priority of the usability factor by brand experience factor have been derived. In the flight reservation application design, the application of the affordance design was identified to have a positive effect on the user experience. In terms of ease of learning, efficiency and memorization, the learning form and the use of metaphor were ranked high, and in the case of error prevention, contextual continuity and use correlation were analyzed as important factors. In satisfaction, all affordance factors were analyzed to form a relatively high satisfaction. The usability factors of the affordance design showed a high degree of effect on the brand's value, reliability and loyalty, and in particular, satisfaction and error prevention were identified as the most direct factor influencing the brand experience

Risk Factors for Iatrogenic Vocal Fold Palsy during Thyroid Surgery: A Single Institutional Experience Over 10 Years

Background and Objectives Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy is a critical complication of thyroid surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of iatrogenic temporary or permanent RLN palsy and to determine the surgeon’s experience factor for iatrogenic RLN palsy.Subjects and Method We retrospectively reviewed 3404 patients, who underwent thyroidectomy between 2010 and 2019, to identify the surgeon’s experience factor for iatrogenic RLN palsy. Information about patient demographics, surgeon factor, whether or not intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) were used, and the postoperative status of RLN were collected. The incidence of RLN injury was analyzed according to the surgeon experience, surgery for thyroid cancer, effect of IONM and the extent of surgery.Results A total of 4479 RLNs were at risk in 3094 thyroidectomies in this study. There were 34 (1.10%) postoperative vocal cord palsy (VCP) cases after thyroidectomy. All patients with RLN palsy showed a unilateral type. VCP was temporary in 26 (0.84%) cases and permanent in 8 (0.26%) cases. Using the nerve at risk (NAR) method, we found that there were 34 NAR palsy out of the total (4479) NAR (0.76%), 26 NAR temporary palsy (0.58%), and 8 NAR permanent palsy (0.18%). The mean recovery time after temporary VCP ranged between 2-180 days (50.6 days in average). The incidence of permanent RLN injury was higher in surgery conducted by less experienced surgeon (1.71% in less experienced vs. 0.05% in experienced surgeon, odds ratio 35.991, <i>p</i><0.001). Application of IONM had no impact on incidence of iatrogenic RLN injury.Conclusion The present study demonstrated that less experienced surgeon is associated with an increased risk of iatrogenic permanent RLN palsy after thyroidectomy.

Customer Experience Factor Analysis Towards Customer Satisfaction Online Shopping

Internet based business leads to high intencity of e-commerce usage. One of the strategics that focused on customer service also known by providing WOW Experience can determine satisfaction with service quality. This research was conducted to customers who have made transactions in e-commerce to see how much influence factors of the customer experience towards e-customer satisfaction. The research method was conducted with an explanatory quantitative approach. The results show that the eight dimensions of customer experience that used in this study simultaneously affected 68.7%. The partial test shows that the Personalize dimension is the most dominant. So, the company is expected to be able to give the impression of customers can be recognized by the presence of e-commerce used.