Technological Breakthrough in the Modern Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
N. I. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

The subject of the researchis factors accelerating the technological development of the country.The relevance of the subject is due to the low level of innovation activities in the Russian economy and high dependence on technology imports in a number of the most important manufacturing and mining industries while a number of government programs to promote innovation do not yield the expected results. The implementation of the goals for accelerating the economic development and Russia’s entry into the top five largest world economies based on the technological breakthrough set forth in the May presidential decrees requires taking into account the real technological trends in the largest economies.The purpose of the researchwas to show that the modern technological development requires building a research base for business, especially for large companies, which is in line with provisions of the economic theory developed by a number of economists from J. Schumpeter to P. Romer who substantiated the special role of business research and development under the support of the state. It is empirically proven that it is the high level of R&D expenditures that distinguishes developed countries from those less developed. The paper analyzes the scope and sectoral structure of the R&D carried out by large leading-edge corporations. The statistical data related to technological leaders and other high-tech companies was used in the research. The data was supplemented by patent statistics. The specific features of the growing technological competition between the United States and China were considered.

Protocol to the Convention on the Prohibition of Bacteriological (Biological) Weapons – History, Main Provisions, Significance and Reasons for Not Signing

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Special Role ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Weapons Control

Received 30 January 2021. Accepted for publication 20 March 2021 The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (BTWC) does not have a legally binding verification regime. An attempt by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts, created by the UN Committee on Disarmament, to strengthen the BTWC by developing a legally binding document – the Protocol, was blocked by the United States in July 2001. The purpose of this work is to study the history, main provisions, significance and reasons for not signing the Protocol to the BTWC. The attention is paid to the events in biological weapons control, which have led a number of countries to the understanding of the necessity to develop the Protocol. The background of the US actions to block this document is the subject of special consideration. During the Second Review Conference on the Implementation of the Convention (8–25 September 1986, Geneva) the USSR, the German Democratic Republic and the Hungarian People's Republic proposed to develop and adopt the Protocol as an addition to the BTWC. This document was supposed to establish general provisions, definitions of terms, lists of agents and toxins, lists of equipment that was present or used at production facilities, threshold quantities of biological agents designed to assess means and methods of protection. The proposed verification mechanism was based on three «pillars»: initial declarations with the basic information about the capabilities of each State Party; inspections to assess the reliability of the declarations; investigations to verify and confirm or not confirm the alleged non-compliance with the Convention. The verification regime was to be under the control of an international organization – the Organization for the Prohibition of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons. However, the US military and pharmaceutical companies opposed the idea of international inspections. The then US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, John Robert Bolton II, played a special role in blocking the Protocol. During the Fifth Review Conference in December 2001, he demanded the termination of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts mandate for negotiations under the pretext that any international agreement would constrain US actions. The current situation with biological weapons control should not be left to chance. Measures to strengthen the BTWC should be developed, taking into account the new fundamental changes in dual-use biotechnology. It should be borne in mind, that the Protocol, developed in the 1990s, is outdated nowadays.

scholarly journals Israel and Migration of High Skilled Workforce: Brain Drain and the Possibility of Replenishing the Market with High-Quality Human Capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
D. A. Maryasis
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Highly Skilled

International labor migration is one of the most important elements of the modern global economy. Amid growing knowledge economy, migration of highly skilled specialists plays an increasingly important role. For Israel, as an immigrant society, migration issues have been of paramount importance since the early days of the independent state. However, in the first decades the discussion focused mainly around the influence of immigrants on the economic development of the country and identification of the most effective ways to adapt immigrants. At present, the Israeli economic model is built in such a way that the institutions of the knowledge economy are at its core, that requires a significant amount of labor with an appropriate level of skills. At the same time, today Israel witnesses emigration of such specialists, mainly to the United States. This paper is devoted to the analysis of the current situation. The article substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic not only for Israel, but also for other economically developed countries and gives a brief bibliographic review in the field. Next, the author analyzes the tendencies of high skilled work force immigration to Israel at the present stage through the analysis of the supply and demand in the country's labor market in the high-tech sector and assessment of the government programs created to attract foreign non-Jewish specialists to the country which appear to be not effective. The article also deals with the problems of emigration of high skilled workers from Israel. An overview of the magnitude of the phenomenon is given based on international comparisons; main reasons of the trend are identified and analyzed; government programs for the return of compatriots are assessed. It is argued that Israel should pursue a more effective policy to attract highly skilled non-Jewish immigrants into the country, which will fully realize the existing positive externalities and dampen the problem of brain drain.

scholarly journals The development of managerial mechanisms to ensure a technological breakthrough in the Russian economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Dontsova ◽  
N. M. Abdikeev ◽  
Yu. S. Bogachev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Corporate Governance System ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
System Factor

The paper is devoted to improving managerial tools to ensure the effective implementation of technological breakthrough in the Russian economy. Solving the tasks of socio-economic development of the country, improving the quality of life of the population, ensuring its geopolitical position is impossible without accelerated economic growth. To ensure it, a technological breakthrough is needed in the Russian economy. In order to create appropriate conditions, new management mechanisms are needed in high-tech corporations. The methodological base of the study is based on the provisions of the theory of corporate governance, system, factor, functional and statistical analysis. The paper analyzes the experience of organizations of accelerated technological development and concludes on the effective structure of the managerial apparatus, which coordinates and monitors the activities of corporations. The main directions of state policy to ensure economic growth are identified, a factor analysis of its effectiveness and mechanisms for the formation of the conditions for the implementation of technological breakthrough are carried out. The domestic scientific potential of providing a technological breakthrough in the Russian economy is shown, the effectiveness of mechanisms for converting scientific achievements into breakthrough technologies is considered. The analysis results carried out in the work indicate the absence of a system of concentration of scientific potential for the creation of high-tech innovations. The structure of the scientific and technical platform for generating knowledge and its transformation into competitive technologies in priority sectors of the real sector of the economy is proposed, its organizational form is determined. The work results can be used in solving strategic problems of modernization of high-tech manufacturing industries.

scholarly journals Ewolucja przemysłu zaawansowanej technologii i sektora teleinformatycznego (ICT) w Finlandii

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy

The paper presents in a broad outline the main characteristics of the evolution of the Finnish high-tech industry and ICT sector within the context of general changes in industry and the national economy. In the last decades of the 20th century Finland dynamically developed a knowledge-based economy and became one of the leaders of the information society. A spectacular manifestation of this is the position of the country in global competitiveness rankings, where Finland has occupied a top position for several years, sometimes even being ahead of the United States. The so-called ‘Finnish model of information society’ is characterised, among others, by a significant growth in knowledge-intensive industries and a complex system of research and development support. However, all those changes were dependent on the previous development path of the country. The structure of Finnish industry was rather one-sided until the 1980s, when knowledge- and expertise-intensive production started to catch up with the level of manufacturing dominated by raw materials, capital and energy. For a long time, Finland specialised in the forest industry and in the processing of metals. A new sector that has developed during the past decades is electronics and, especially, the manufacturing of communication devices. Furthermore, the economy has changed more dramatically in Finland than in any other developed country over the same period of time. Industries have become technology-intensive and production is strongly characterised by specialisation. Finland has become the most specialised country in information and communication technology in the world, and this specialisation trend is continuing. The forest industry and other traditional industries rely more and more on the new technologies and state-of-the-art knowledge. In Finland, industrialisation started later than in other countries, but it was very rapid. Industrial production and exports grew faster than the rest of the economy in the 1990s, and the structure of exports diversified. Unlike other developed countries, Finland “re-industrialised” in the 1990s. The contribution of industry to the total volume of production and employment has been higher in Finland than in other advanced economies in the past couple of years.

scholarly journals 8th International Week of Science, Technology & Innovation (8th IWSTI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2139 (1) ◽  
pp. 011001
Author(s):  
B Medina Delgado ◽  
Velásquez Pérez ◽  
J E Torres-Ramírez ◽  
A Sandoval Amador ◽  
L M Dueñas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Committee ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Science Technology

The 8th International Week of Science, Technology, and Innovation (8th IWSTI) took place from 21 to 24 September de 2021, in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, and was organized by the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander headquarters in San José de Cúcuta and Ocaña. The 8th IWSTI is aimed at the academic and scientific community and to the productive sectors of the region, and have a purpose are the dissemination of academic, and research works; moreover, promotes the exchange of experiences between researchers as well as the participation of the productive sectors in research, extension, technological development, and innovation activities for contribution to strengthening the relationship School-University-Company-State. The 8th IWSTI generated spaces for the exchange experiences academic and scientific in different knowledge areas between students, teachers, entrepreneurs, and researchers from the United States of America, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Perú, Venezuela, and Colombia. Additionally, during the 8th IWSTI, was held the V Interinstitutional Conference of Research Seedbeds, which has as the main goal to socialize the research proposals and research results, obtained in different areas of knowledge, by the Research Seedbeds of all Educational Institutions of Norte de Santander, SIES+, Colombia. The organizing committee of the 8th IWSTI is extremely thankful to all participants for providing their valuable contributions as well as the reviewers for their recommendations and constructive criticism that help to improve the articles presented in this volume of proceedings. The articles refer to one of the following topics addressed in the 8th IWSTI: Modeling, Simulation, and Diagnostics, Physical-Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Characterization of Materials. Likewise, we like to thank the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (UFPS), and the Foundation of Researchers in Materials Science and Technology (FORISTOM), for all the support technical and logistical received. Finally, the editor hopes that those interested in the area of research, technology, and innovation in sciences and engineering will enjoy reading this volume of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), which reflects a wide variety of current issues, contributing to the generation and transfer of knowledge, as well as to the strengthening of research in science and engineering in Colombia. “Education and expression freedom for anyone”. List of Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee, International Scientific Committee, Logistic, Sponsor, Partners are available in this pdf.

scholarly journals Behavior of scientific production on severe acute respiratory syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezar Cheng ◽  
Thiago Quinellato Louro ◽  
Daniel Aragão Machado ◽  
Roberto Carlos Lyrada Silva ◽  
Andrea Dos Santos Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Average Production ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Web

Objective: To analyze the dispersion of journals and scientific collaboration on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, available on the Web of Science. Methods: Bibliometric study that analyzed the production of documents available on the Web of Science, from 1989 to 2020. Results: 1623 documents were retrieved, distributed in 538 journals. The average production per year was 55.9. The average production per author was 1.73. The Nursing category contributed 17 (1.04%) documents, with Virology being the largest contribution 324 (19.96%). China led the ranking with 640 publications (39.43%). Conclusion: The data presented demonstrate the high level of interest of the scientific community in the subject. It was possible to identify 82 authors composing an Elite group of Authors, whose productivity was 66.1%. The United States, China and Saudi Arabia are the countries that most formed Collaboration Networks

Trumping Capacity Gap with Negotiation Strategies: the Mexican USMCA Negotiation Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Amrita Bahri ◽  
Monica Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
Capacity Gap

ABSTRACT In the past few months, we have witnessed the ‘worst deal’ in the history of the USA become the ‘best deal’ in the history of the USA. The negotiation leading to the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) appeared as an ‘asymmetrical exchange’ scenario that could have led to an unbalanced outcome for Mexico. However, Mexico stood firm on its positions and negotiated a modernized version of North American Free Trade Agreement. Mexico faced various challenges during this renegotiation, not only because it was required to negotiate with two developed countries but also due to the high level of ambition and demands raised by the new US administration. This paper provides an account of these impediments. More importantly, it analyzes the strategies that Mexico used to overcome the resource constraints it faced amidst the unpredictable political dilemma in the US and at home. In this manner, this paper seeks to provide a blueprint of strategies that other developing countries could employ to overcome their negotiation capacity constraints, especially when they are dealing with developed countries and in uncertain political environments.

Is It Possible to Consider Management of Chronic Diseases as Method of Population Screening in Ukraine?

2016 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Pavlo Kolesnik ◽  
Ivanna Shushman ◽  
Yevheniia Sinevich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
High Level

The article presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different methods used during the management of diseases based on the Order of the Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine № 728 from 27.08.2010. and methods used in highly developed countries of Europe and the United States as a mandatory screening with high level of evidence base.

NETWORK ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES OF PRODUCTION OF HIGH-TECH PRODUCTS AS A TOOL OF TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGH IN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
N. M. Abdikeev ◽  
Yu. S. Bogachev ◽  
A. M. Oktiabrskiy
Keyword(s):  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Cluster Organization ◽  
Complex Technology

The paper deals with the problems of reforming the organization of the production of high-tech products in Russia. A comparative analysis of the state and significance of these industries in the economies of developed countries and Russia shows the need for reforming the structural organization of production. On the example of the aviation industry, an analysis of the improvement of industrial production was carried out. Evaluation of the effectiveness of relevant measures shows that they contribute to the conservation of closed obsolete business-production models, monopolization of the final integrator in accessing and using investments, low labor productivity and outflow of personnel, lack of effective interaction of the scientific and technological sector with domestic academic university science. This impedes the formation of the competencies necessary to carry out a technological breakthrough and increase the competitiveness of the industry in the global market.The paper presents a model of vertical integration of the technological chain of value added reproduction in the form of network organizational structures of suppliers of modules, units and nodes of the final complex technology based on domestic manufacturers. The paper discusses the benefits of the heliocentric organization of the production of the final complex technology, the cluster organization of the supply of intermediate products (modules, units, nodes). It is shown that the separation of the functions of the final integrator contributes to the distribution of risks along the DVCS. At the same time, the attention of the final integrator is concentrated on the development of the final complex products, the organization of the supplier system and after-sales service. The cluster organization of intermediate production opens up the possibility of its diversification and direct access to investment flows, which stimulates the development of production. The authors have developed mechanisms for ensuring the competence of manufacturers to their functional purposes in the central air traffic control system and the organization of a network management system.

scholarly journals Strategic Planning and Management of High-Tech Developments and Innovative Technical Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Sergey Novikov ◽  
Elmira Amirova ◽  
Elena Kosykh ◽  
Marina Chudinovskikh ◽  
Olga Nikolaevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
Science In Russia ◽  
Oriented Activity ◽  
Technical Solutions

The innovation-oriented activity of enterprises is vital to the formation of competitive positions of the national economy on the world scene. Moreover, the importance of innovation is due to the complex modern economic conditions. Because of the sanctions from developed countries, it is necessary to increase production activities within the country in order to meet domestic demand, as well as to improve cooperation with the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and Southeast Asia. The study focuses on strategic planning and management of high-tech developments and innovative technical solutions. The authors predicted the financing of science in Russia until 2030. The paper uses comparative analysis, systematization, induction, and deduction. Russia has developed a positive trend in financing the R&D sphere until 2030, which will improve its position in the global competitiveness rating. These findings can be used by managers of enterprises with innovation activities, by authorities regulating innovation activities in Russia, and by specialists in the field of innovation.

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