Peculiarities of the formation of clusters of entrepreneurship in the regions of Russia

The national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Feder- ation imply the dynamic growth of small and medium-sized businesses, but its cur- rent state raises certain concerns. In these conditions, it is necessary to search and analyze new forms of work, including cluster integration. The purpose of the work is to study the potential of the cluster organization of small and medium-sized busi- nesses and analyze the features of the functioning of modern business clusters in Russia. As a result, it was found that in a number of countries there are clusters that include only small and medium-sized enterprises. Such clusters can create a single value chain and compete in the global market. At the same time, even a partial mani- festation of cluster effects has a positive effect on entrepreneurial activity. To a cer- tain extent, similar trends are taking place in Russia. However, clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises in the domestic economy are poorly studied and are rarely formalized. An analysis of Russian clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises with an institutionally fixed status showed that their creation often depends on a sub- jective factor. More often this is resorted to by non-resource regions that need new points of growth. Clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises are very unevenly distributed over the territory of Russia, and this is due to the large number of ―hid- den‖ clusters. Tourism and information technology prevail among the types of eco- nomic activities. This can be explained by the ubiquitous spread of entrepreneurial structures of the corresponding profile. The period of operation of the cluster has no statistically significant relationships with the total number of employees and the av- erage number of employees per enterprise. Consequently, further in-depth studies of the problems and features of the functioning of such clusters, including unofficial ones, are required.

Dynein acts to cluster glutamate receptors and traffic the PIP5 kinase, Skittles, to regulate postsynaptic membrane organization at the neuromuscular junction

Cytoplasmic dynein is essential in motoneurons for retrograde cargo transport that sustains neuronal connectivity. Little, however, is known about dynein's function on the postsynaptic side of the circuit. Here we report distinct postsynaptic roles for dynein at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Intriguingly, we show that dynein punctae accumulate postsynaptically at glutamatergic synaptic terminals. Moreover, Skittles, a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase that produces PI(4,5)P2 to organize the spectrin cytoskeleton, also localizes specifically to glutamatergic synaptic terminals. Depletion of postsynaptic dynein disrupts the accumulation of Skittles, PI(4,5)P2 phospholipid, and organization of the spectrin cytoskeleton at the postsynaptic membrane. Coincidental with dynein depletion, we observe an increase in the clusters size of ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR), and an increase in the amplitude and frequency of mEJPs. However, PI(4,5)P2 levels do not affect iGluR clustering and dynein does not affect the protein levels of iGluR subunits at the NMJ, suggesting a separate, transport independent function for dynein in iGluR cluster organization. As dynein punctae closely associate with iGluR clusters, we propose that dynein physically tethers iGluR clusters at the postsynaptic membrane to ensure proper synaptic transmission.

Cluster organization of extractive industries in northern regions: a comprehensive assessment method

The spatial organization of productive forces, the efficient use of available facilities, and the production potential assessment of economic sectors in a given region are topical issues. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is a large resource-dependent region of Russia, remarkable for the geographical dispersion of deposits over a vast territory and the complex transport and power supply infrastructures. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of cluster organization in the subsoil use sector in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Russian Federation, factoring in the existing and prospective economic zoning and the existing potential. The republic was divided into zones based on a cluster framework of the subsoil users. The study used statistical data on the municipal districts and financial indicators of the extractive industry companies. The integrated method was applied in the assessment, and the performance index of the identified cluster territories was calculated on a ten-point scale. The identified zones were rated by resource and production potential. The general cluster zone performance index was calculated. It appeared feasible to cluster the extractive industry in the studied region as it can increase competitiveness of local companies and contribute to the socio-economic development of its municipal districts. The proposed method can be applied for comprehensive assessment of the subsoil use sector in northern territories.

MODELING OF THE CLUSTER ORGANIZATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL BUSINESS ON THE BASIS OF MARKETING

Introduction. The model of cluster organization of tourism and recreational entrepreneurship development on the basis of marketing has been improved, built on the basis of economic and mathematical modeling methods.The hypothesis of scientific research is in substantiation of management of the cluster organization of development of tourist and recreational business on the basis of marketing.The purpose of the study is a substantiation of features of the cluster organization of development of tourist and recreational business on the basis of marketing.Research methodology there are general scientific and special research methods: dialectical – for analysis and understanding of the essence and content of the categorical series "tourist and recreational entrepreneurship", monographic – in highlighting the views of scientists on the research issues; strategic analysis – to determine the priority areas of intensification of cluster development of tourism and recreational entrepreneurship on the basis of marketing.Conclusions and prospects for further research. The novelty of the approaches is to create an integrated model for assessing the level of loyalty of tourist and recreational services from the standpoint of its perception by the client, which allows to assess the level of innovativeness of tourist and recreational services by key parameters, which will ultimately allow tourism and recreational enterprises to determine their management decisions. competitiveness. The proposed author's scientific and methodological approach to assessing the level of loyalty of tourist and recreational services will comprehensively assess the service, customer interface, system of tourist and recreational services technology, identify possible areas for improvement, accounting for which will allow tourism and recreation companies to determine a set of management decisions. competitiveness.

Assessing the subsoil industries clustering in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the economy of the northern regions of the Russian Federation and the optimal spatial organization of productive forces. Objectives. The article aims to assess the feasibility of clustering of subsurface industries, taking into account the prospective economic zoning of the region. Methods. For the study, I used the integral method. Results. The article describes a methodological approach to the assessment of the cluster organization of basic subsurface industries' production and presents a composite index of the performance of subsurface regions by resource and production potential. Conclusions. The regional and sectoral clustering of mining industries will improve their competitiveness and contribute to the socio-economic development of both individual areas and the region as a whole.

Predicting Associations of miRNAs and Candidate Gastric Cancer Genes for Nanomedicine

Nanoscale miRNAs regulate the synthesis of most human proteins involved in differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and other processes associated with the growth and the development of an organism. miRNAs also play a number of important roles in the development of gastric cancer. In this work, we studied the quantitative characteristics of miRNA interactions with 69 candidate gastric cancer genes using bioinformatics approaches. To this end, the MirTarget program was used, which determines the characteristics of miRNA binding to mRNA in the 5′UTR, CDS, and 3′UTR. Associations of miRNAs with alternative target genes and associations of genes with alternative miRNAs were established. The cluster organization of miRNA binding sites (BSs) in mRNA was revealed, leading to the emergence of miRNA competition for binding to the mRNA of a target gene. Groups of target genes with clusters of overlapping BSs include miR-5095, miR-619-5p, miR-1273 family, miR-466, ID01030.3p-miR, ID00436.3p-miR, miR-574-5p, and ID00470.5p-miR. In the defined associations of target genes and miRNAs, miRNA BSs are organized into clusters of multiple BSs, which facilitate the design and the development of a system of chips that can be used to control the state of miRNA and target genes associations in gastric cancer.

Sustainability of Cluster Organizations as Open Innovation Intermediaries

The purpose of the paper is to identify the most important open innovation practices used by cluster organizations (COs). To reflect these practices, the paper uses the concept of the trajectory of relationship development in COs, applied in the Interizon cluster organization. Additionally, this paper introduces the potential sustainability-related implications of open innovation adoption in cluster organizations. An in-depth direct interview and secondary data analysis were the basic techniques used for data collection. The study demonstrates that cluster organizations can play the role of open innovation intermediaries, implementing a set of different open innovation practices, depending on the level of advancement of cluster cooperation. The use of these practices leads to the development of ever stronger relationships between cluster members, thus conditioning access to the increasingly valuable resources of information and knowledge which are most relevant for the future sustainability-pursuing context. The good effects of multidimensional cooperation in the studied cluster organization prompted the authors to formulate a recommendation for sustainable diversity in the CO. The research goes beyond the state-of-the-art knowledge in the concept of industrial clusters by exposing a broader view on cooperation developed within cluster organizations. The study links the issue of clustering with the concept of open innovation, shedding new light on the processes of supporting knowledge and information flows in COs. Additionally, it contributes to developing a broader comprehension of the context dependencies of open innovation for potential sustainable innovation.