scholarly journals Diagnóstico de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental em Áreas Urbanas Utilizando Inteligência Geográfica

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Gabriela De Azevedo Reis ◽  
Antonio Júnior Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Augusto Uchoa Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulnerability Map

Os impactos causados por desastres naturais podem ser minimizados ao identificar populações em situação de vulnerabilidade. Para contribuir com o planejamento territorial e reduzir tais impactos, este trabalho analisa metodologias para identificação espacial da vulnerabilidade socioambiental. Foi estudada a bacia do rio Mané Dendê, em Salvador, caracterizada pelo alto adensamento populacional e concentração da população de baixa renda, com ocorrências de ocupações irregulares. Para a geração dos produtos foram utilizadas técnicas de geoprocessamento, identificando espacialmente as áreas de risco e as populações em situação de vulnerabilidade e representá-las graficamente, obtendo mapas temáticos como resultado. O mapa de vulnerabilidade ambiental foi gerado ao identificar áreas de risco de deslizamento de terra e inundação. Foi determinado um Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social baseado no censo demográfico do IBGE, gerando o mapa de vulnerabilidade social. O mapa de vulnerabilidade socioambiental foi gerado por álgebra de mapas. A metodologia de obtenção da vulnerabilidade social foi considerada satisfatória e segue os padrões adotados em trabalhos aplicados no Brasil e internacionalmente. É recomendado que seja feita uma análise dos critérios de vulnerabilidade ambiental, para que o resultado possa representar uma ferramenta mais segura para a tomada de decisão. Social-Environmental Vulnerability Diagnosis in Urban Areas Using Geomatics A B S T R A C TThe impacts caused by natural disasters can be minimized by identifying populations in situations of social vulnerability. Aiming to contribute with land-use planning and to reduce such impacts caused by these natural disasters in urban centers, this project proposes a methodology to for spatial identification of social and environmental vulnerability. The method was applied in Mané Dendê River’s basin, at Salvador, Bahia. This study area is characterized by its high population density and great concentration of low income population, with high occurrence of irregular settlements. It was used geoprocessing techniques to identify the areas and the population that are vulnerable and graphically represent them through the generation of thematic maps. The environmental vulnerability map was generated through identifying the areas with risk of landslide and floods. It was determined a Social Vulnerability Index based on the 2010 census database published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Then, it was generated the social vulnerability map. The social and environmental vulnerability map was made by applying the map algebra technique. The social vulnerability method was considered satisfactory once it follows the pattern adopted by similar works, applied in Brazil and around the world. However, it is recommended for future works a deeper analysis of the criteria used to obtain the environmental vulnerabilitymap so that the final result will be able to represent a reliable tool for the decision making in the scope of territorial management planning.Keywords: geoprocessing, zoning, social vulnerability, environmental vulnerability.

scholarly journals Pandemic Injustice: Spatial and Social Distributions of COVID-19 in the US Epicenter

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150007
Author(s):  
Timon McPhearson ◽  
Zbigniew Grabowski ◽  
Pablo Herreros-Cantis ◽  
Ahmed Mustafa ◽  
Luis Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
The U.S

We examine the uneven social and spatial distributions of COVID-19 and their relationships with indicators of social vulnerability in the U.S. epicenter, New York City (NYC). As of July 17th, 2020, NYC, despite having only 2.5% of the U.S. population, has [Formula: see text]6% of all confirmed cases, and [Formula: see text]16% of all deaths, making it a key learning ground for the social dynamics of the disease. Our analysis focuses on the multiple potential social, economic, and demographic drivers of disproportionate impacts in COVID-19 cases and deaths, as well as population rates of testing. Findings show that immediate impacts of COVID-19 largely fall along lines of race and class. Indicators of poverty, race, disability, language isolation, rent burden, unemployment, lack of health insurance, and housing crowding all significantly drive spatial patterns in prevalence of COVID-19 testing, confirmed cases, death rates, and severity. Income in particular has a consistent negative relationship with rates of death and disease severity. The largest differences in social vulnerability indicators are also driven by populations of people of color, poverty, housing crowding, and rates of disability. Results highlight the need for targeted responses to address injustice of COVID-19 cases and deaths, importance of recovery strategies that account for differential vulnerability, and provide an analytical approach for advancing research to examine potential similar injustice of COVID-19 in other U.S. cities. Significance Statement Communities around the world have variable success in mitigating the social impacts of COVID-19, with many urban areas being hit particularly hard. Analysis of social vulnerability to COVID-19 in the NYC, the U.S. national epicenter, shows strongly disproportionate impacts of the pandemic on low income populations and communities of color. Results highlight the class and racial inequities of the coronavirus pandemic in NYC, and the need to unpack the drivers of social vulnerability. To that aim, we provide a replicable framework for examining patterns of uneven social vulnerability to COVID-19- using publicly available data which can be readily applied in other study regions, especially within the U.S.A. This study is important to inform public and policy debate over strategies for short- and long-term responses that address the injustice of disproportionate impacts of COVID-19. Although similar studies examining social vulnerability and equity dimensions of the COVID-19 outbreak in cities across the U.S. have been conducted (Cordes and Castro 2020, Kim and Bostwick 2002, Gaynor and Wilson 2020; Wang et al. 2020; Choi and Unwin 2020), this study provides a more comprehensive analysis in NYC that extends previous contributions to use the highest resolution spatial units for data aggregation (ZCTAs). We also include mortality and severity rates as key indicators and provide a replicable framework that draws from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability indicators for communities in NYC.

scholarly journals Application of Social Vulnerability Index to Identify High- risk Population of Contracting COVID-19 Infection: a state-level study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odalys Estefania Lara Garcia ◽  
Violeta Alvarez Retamales ◽  
Oswaldo A Madrid Suarez ◽  
Priyanka Parajuli ◽  
Susan Hingle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
The Social

Social factors that determine the health of a population are known as the social determinants of health. During the past few weeks, as COVID-19 cases grew exponentially, the discrepancy among the number of cases distribution was evident.By applying the social vulnerability index and analyzing data from a total of 102 counties across the state of Illinois, we investigated which factors enhanced the risk of contracting the infection and which were related to a lower risk of infection. Our results showed that social factors such as belonging to a minority group, speaking English less than well, living in a multi-unit structure, and households with individuals of age group of 17 or younger were associated with a higher risk of infection. On the other hand, we found that factors such as living in a mobile home, individuals of age group 65 or older, low income per capita and, older than age 5 with disability were protective. We propose that communities with disproportionate health burdens can be identified by the application of these factors. Future efforts need to focus on decreasing the gap of disparity by modifying these social factors.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO THE IMPACT OF FLOOD HAZARD: A CASE STUDY OF KOPILI RIVER BASIN, ASSAM, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
S. V. Shiva Prasad Sharma ◽  
P. S. Roy ◽  
V. Chakravarthi
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vulnerable Zones

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the present study, an attempt is made to understand the impact on Social Vulnerability of the Kopili basin due to various severities of flood hazard. The flood hazard is generated using multi-temporal historical satellite based analysis and integration of annual flood inundation layers. The census of India data of 2001 and 2011 is spatially joined with village database to study the impact at village level. Using 5 Census variables from both Census 2001 &amp;amp; 2011 as vulnerability indicators, the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is derived and classified into various vulnerable zones namely Low, Moderate and High Vulnerable zones. The findings of the study show that the number of villages falling in Low and High Vulnerable zones had decreased during Census 2011 when compared to 2001 and a rise of 6% in villages falling in moderate vulnerable zones during 2011 is observed. The spatial database generated is useful to understand the impact of floods on the Social Vulnerability status of the basin and can be a useful input to further study the Physical, Economic and Environmental Vulnerabilities of the basin.</p>

scholarly journals Covid-19 and inequality: developing an age-friendly strategy for recovery in low income communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Tine Buffel ◽  
Patty Doran ◽  
Mhorag Goff ◽  
Luciana Lang ◽  
Camilla Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore the social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on issues facing older people living in urban areas characterised by multiple deprivation. Design/methodology/approach The paper first reviews the role of place and neighbourhood in later life; second, it examines the relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and the impact of COVID-19; and, third, it outlines the basis for an “age-friendly” recovery strategy. Findings The paper argues that COVID-19 is having a disproportionate impact on low-income communities, which have already been affected by cuts to public services, the loss of social infrastructure and pressures on the voluntary sector. It highlights the need for community-based interventions to be developed as an essential part of future policies designed to tackle the effects of COVID-19. Originality/value The paper contributes to debates about developing COVID-19 recovery strategies in the context of growing inequalities affecting urban neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals The role of the social vulnerability index in personal protective equipment shortages, number of cases, and associated mortality during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Michigan skilled nursing facilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. LeRose ◽  
Courtney Merlo ◽  
Phong Duong ◽  
Kelsi Harden ◽  
Rebecca Rush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Skilled Nursing Facilities ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Nursing Facilities ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
The Social

Abstract The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is used to stratify community need for support during disasters. We evaluated relationships between the SVI and personal protective equipment shortages, COVID-19 caseload, and mortality rates in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). In SVI quartile 4, personal protective equipment shortages were 2.3 times those in SNFs in quartile 1; COVID-19 case loads were 1.6 times those of SNFs in quartile 1; and mortality rates in were 1.9 times those of SNFs in SVI quartile 1.

scholarly journals The Social Vulnerability Index: Assessing Replicability in Predicting Mortality Over 27 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Ouvrard ◽  
José Alberto Avila-Funes ◽  
Jean-François Dartigues ◽  
Hélène Amieva ◽  
Maturin Tabue-Teguo
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Social Vulnerability in Patients with Multimorbidity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu Nguyen ◽  
Patrice Ngangue ◽  
Tarek Bouhali ◽  
Bridget Ryan ◽  
Moira Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background: Social aspects play an important role in individual health and should be taken into consideration in the long-term care for people with multimorbidity. Purposes: To describe social vulnerability, to examine its correlation with the number of chronic conditions, and to investigate which chronic conditions were significantly associated with the most socially vulnerable state in patients with multimorbidity. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis from the baseline data of the Patient-Centred Innovations for Persons with Multimorbidity (PACEinMM) Study. Participants were patients attending primary healthcare settings in Quebec, Canada. A social vulnerability index was applied to identify social vulnerability level. The index value ranges from 0 to 1 (1 as the most vulnerable). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated for the correlation between the social vulnerability index and the number of chronic conditions. Logistic regression was applied to investigate which chronic conditions were independently associated with the most socially vulnerable state. Results: There were 301 participants, mean age 61.0 ± 10.5, 53.2% female. The mean number of chronic health conditions was 5.01 ± 1.82, with the most common being hyperlipidemia (78.1%), hypertension (69.4%), and obesity (54.2%). The social vulnerability index had a median value of 0.13 (range 0.00–0.78). There was a positive correlation between the social vulnerability index and the number of chronic conditions (r = 0.24, p < 0.001). Obesity, depression/anxiety, and cardiovascular diseases were significantly associated with the most socially vulnerable patients with multimorbidity. Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between social vulnerability and the total number of chronic conditions, with depression/anxiety, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases being the most related to social vulnerability.

scholarly journals Construction of an integrated social vulnerability index in urban areas prone to flash flooding

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1541-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefania Aroca-Jimenez ◽  
Jose Maria Bodoque ◽  
Juan Antonio Garcia ◽  
Andres Diez-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Flash Flooding ◽  
Size Limitation

Abstract. Among the natural hazards, flash flooding is the leading cause of weather-related deaths. Flood risk management (FRM) in this context requires a comprehensive assessment of the social risk component. In this regard, integrated social vulnerability (ISV) can incorporate spatial distribution and contribution and the combined effect of exposure, sensitivity and resilience to total vulnerability, although these components are often disregarded. ISV is defined by the demographic and socio-economic characteristics that condition a population's capacity to cope with, resist and recover from risk and can be expressed as the integrated social vulnerability index (ISVI). This study describes a methodological approach towards constructing the ISVI in urban areas prone to flash flooding in Castilla y León (Castile and León, northern central Spain, 94 223 km2, 2 478 376 inhabitants). A hierarchical segmentation analysis (HSA) was performed prior to the principal components analysis (PCA), which helped to overcome the sample size limitation inherent in PCA. ISVI was obtained from weighting vulnerability factors based on the tolerance statistic. In addition, latent class cluster analysis (LCCA) was carried out to identify spatial patterns of vulnerability within the study area. Our results show that the ISVI has high spatial variability. Moreover, the source of vulnerability in each urban area cluster can be identified from LCCA. These findings make it possible to design tailor-made strategies for FRM, thereby increasing the efficiency of plans and policies and helping to reduce the cost of mitigation measures.

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