scholarly journals Emancypacja przez wychowanie: od oświecenia do pragmatyzmu

Ars Educandi ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szumlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Friedrich Schiller ◽  
Antonio Gramsci

Jak scharakteryzować termin "emancypacja poprzez edukację"? Emancypacja jest to proces, który prowadzi do równości społecznej, wolności politycznej i realnej możliwości jednostki na postęp. Egalitarna edukacja oznacza, że wiedza jest dostępna dla każdego - niezależnie od jego klasy społecznej, płci, rasy i narodowości. To nauczanie ludzi z uciskanych lub dyskryminowanych grup, by walczyć z niesprawiedliwością i nauczanie ich aby bronić swoich już osiągniętych praw. Idea emancypacji poprzez edukację rozumiana w taki sposób wyłoniła się w okresie Oświecenia, który obejmował czasy przed, w trakcie i tuż po rewolucji francuskiej. Wtedy ten pomysł ewoluował przez całą nowoczesną erę, która kończy się na początku II wojny światowej. W moim eseju "Emancypacja poprzez edukację: od Oświecenia po Pragmatyzm" studiuję emancypacyjne wątki obecne w filozoficznych teoriach takich myślicieli, jak Jean Jacques Rousseau, Jean Antoine Condorcet, Mary Wollstonecraft, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Schiller, John Stuart Mill, Harriet Taylor Mill, Karl Marx, Fryderyk Engels, Antonio Gramsci i John Dewey. Podczas przeprowadzania moich badań odkryłam, że niektórzy z nowoczesnych myślicieli reprezentowali pozycję emancypacyjną tylko w części swoich pomysłów, podczas gdy w drugiej części ich myśli pozostały konserwatywne. Na przykład Rousseau - jeden z ojców emancypacyjnej pedagogiki - był przeciwny udziałowi kobiet w przestrzeni publicznej. Innym przykładem jest użycie siły piękna i radości, aby poddać "impulsywne" masy kontroli "racjonalnych" elit w wizji Schillera dotyczącej pedagogiki estetycznej. Analizuję te "zaniechania" za pomocą krytycznych dyskursów ja ta Carole Pateman czy Terry'ego Eagletona.

The Philosophic Origins of Deliberative Ideals

2018 ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
Simone Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
American Pragmatism ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intellectual Heritage ◽  
The Way

Deliberative democracy is a relatively recent development in democratic theory. But the theorists and practitioners of deliberative democracy often reach far back for philosophical and theoretic resources to develop the core ideas. This chapter traces some of those sources and ideas. As deliberative democracy is itself a somewhat contested theory, the chapter does not present a linear story of intellectual heritage. Instead it draws on a variety of sometimes disparate sources to identify different ideals that become stressed in different versions of deliberation and deliberative democracy. The philosophic sources canvased include Aristotle, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, John Dewey and American Pragmatism, John Rawls, and Jürgen Habermas. The chapter pays special attention to the way different philosophical sources speak to the balance between the epistemic and normative claims of deliberative democracy.

6. Justice for Everyone, Everywhere?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Single State

This chapter examines some issues that have come to greater attention in more recent decades, with particular emphasis on what it calls ‘oversights’ of justice. It begins by arguing that some of the greatest political philosophers had suffered from ‘oversights’, notably Karl Marx, Mary Wollstonecraft, and John Stuart Mill. It then considers some of these oversights of justice, first by looking at issues of gender equality, then at racial justice, followed by issues of disability and sexual orientation, each from the standpoint of what is known as ‘domestic justice’: justice as it operates within a single state. It also explores questions of global justice, including immigration, and global inequalities of wealth, along with justice to future generations, especially in relation to climate change. These discussions reflect areas of great contemporary concern, both in political philosophy and in real life.

5. Liberal luminaries

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Freeden
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Wilhelm Von Humboldt ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Benjamin Constant ◽  
Political Thinker ◽  
The Impact

‘The liberal canon’ explores the views of some major thinkers and philosophers who shaped and refined liberal thinking since the early 19th century, when liberalism emerged as a distinct ideology. It begins with four British thinkers—John Stuart Mill, Thomas Hill Green, Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, and John Atkinson Hobson—before assessing the impact on liberalism of other individuals such as Mary Wollstonecraft; France’s Benjamin Constant; the Germans Wilhelm von Humboldt, Max Weber, and Friedrich Naumann; the Italians Benedetto Croce and Carlo Rosselli; the American philosopher and educationalist John Dewey; and, finally, economist, philosopher, and political thinker Friedrich August von Hayek.

Ästhetische Staaten

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Friedrich Schiller ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
Political Thinker ◽  
Ethics Law

Friedrich Schiller, the grand master of the classical aesthetic of autonomy, was also a political thinker. In the 1790s, reading Immanuel Kant upset him, as did the French Revolution: abuse of power, political resistance, conspiracy and tyrannicide are just a few of the genuinely political themes that he repeatedly varies in literary terms. The articles in this volume consider the connection between the political, legal and ethical dimensions of Schiller's work. In addition to his 'big' dramas as well as his philosophical and historical writings, they examine the nexus of ethics, law and politics at the 'margins' of his work, in both his short works and his literary fragments. With contributions by Oliver Bach, Antonino Falduto, Maria Carolina Foi, Markus Hien, Matthias Löwe, Vincenz Pieper, Jens Ole Schneider, Michael Schwingenschlögl, Sebastian Speth, Gideon Stiening and Ludwig Stockinger.

Geschichte des modernen ökonomischen Denkens

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Pierenkemper
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Friedrich List ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Milton Friedman ◽  
David Ricardo

Realökonomische Probleme haben zu allen Zeiten die Theorien der Ökonomie und ihrer großen Denker beeinflusst. Wichtige Themen der Ökonomie sind das gesamtwirtschaftliche Wachstum, Verteilungsprobleme, individuelle Nutzenmaximierung, Keynesianismus, Monetarismus – und ganz neue Ansätze wie Evolutorik, Spieltheorie oder Verhaltensökonomie, die ihr Potenzial noch beweisen müssen. Sie verbinden sich in der Moderne mit Namen von Ökonomen wie Adam Smith, Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, Friedrich List, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes oder Milton Friedman. Oder die Betrachtung der Ökonomie verdichtet sich in Stichworten wie Marginalanalyse, Historische Schule, Neoklassik, Institutionalismus, Neue-Institutionenökonomik und Monetarismus – neuerdings auch Evolutorik, Verhaltensökonomik oder Spieltheorie. Für alle, die zur Ökonomie gründlich aufbereitetes und grundlegendes Überblickswissen mit Prüfungsrelevanz suchen.

Ästhetische Empfindungen

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Paul Liessmann
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Friedrich Schiller ◽  
Friedrich Schlegel ◽  
Moses Mendelssohn ◽  
Jean Paul

Im Rückgriff auf die Ursprünge der philosophischen Ästhetik im 18. Jahrhundert (Johann Georg Sulzer, Moses Mendelssohn, Friedrich Schiller, Jean Paul, Friedrich Schlegel, Immanuel Kant) analysiert Konrad Paul Liessmann die Vielfalt ästhetischer Empfindungen. Er verteidigt sie gegen die Beschränkungen durch die Kunsttheorien der Moderne ebenso wie gegen die These, dass in Geschmacksfragen alles subjektiv und damit gleich gültig sei.

scholarly journals Adam Smith’s concept of labour: value or measure?

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Adolfo Rodríguez Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Production Theory ◽  
Real Price ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
David Ricardo

Smith is considered the father of the labour theory of value developed by David Ricardo and Karl Marx and simultaneously of the cost-of-production theory of value developed by John Stuart Mill and Alfred Marshall. This polysemy is partly because Smith is developping the terminology to refer to value and measure of value, and often uses it with much imprecision. That has led to different interpretations about his position on these issues, most of them derived from an error of interpretation of Ricardo and Marx. This paper reviews the concepts developed by Smith to formulate his theory of value (value, real price and exchangeable value). Our interpretation of his texts on value does not coincide with what has traditionally been done. According to our interpretation, it would not be correct the criticism made by Ricardo and Marx on Smith’s position about the role of labour as measure of value. For these authors, Smith is not consistent in proposing that the value of a commodity is defined or measured as the amount of labour necessary to produce it and simultaneously as the amount of labour that can be purchased by this commodity. We try to show that for Smith the labour has a double role –as source and measure of value–, and that to it is due the confusion that generates his use of some terms: Smith proposes labour as a measure of value because he conceives it as a source of value. With this interpretation it becomes clear, paradoxically, that Smith holds a labour theory of value that substantially corresponds to the one later developed by Ricardo and Marx.

scholarly journals Socialismo o comunismo diferencias entre John Stuart Mill y Karl Marx

Inciso ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ángel Emilio Muñoz Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
El Paso ◽  
John Stuart Mill

<p>Actualmente los conceptos de socialismo y de comunismo se manejan como sinónimos, cosa que no debería ser. Karl Marx entendía el paso del capitalismo al socialismo y del socialismo al comunismo como producto del devenir histórico, es decir, como el resultado del desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas dentro de la sociedad que van alterando poco a poco las relaciones sociales de producción. Pensamiento que en gran medida puede concordar con el planteamiento de John Stuart Mill como resultado de diálogos y de consensos políticos democráticos y parlamentarios fruto de la educación generalizada en los sentimientos de simpatía social o de la conciencia civil. Pero los marxistas quisieron llegar al comunismo por medio de la violencia, es decir, de la revolución de los hombres masa, por lo que afirma: “La emancipación de la clase obrera debe ser obra de la clase obrera misma” (Marx y Engels, 1975:13). Proceso que ha significado la implantación de la dictadura del proletariado, del fanatismo ideológico; no fruto del consenso político o de la transformación social como producto de la historia del desarrollo de los medios de producción. Dar claridad a la diferencia histórica de dichos planteamientos teóricos e ideológicos a partir de la filosofía milleana es la tarea a desarrollar en el presente artículo</p><p> </p>

Liberalism

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Ryan
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Thomas Jefferson ◽  
Liberal Theory ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Isaiah Berlin ◽  
The Individual

This chapter explains what liberalism is. It is easy to list famous liberals, but it is harder to say what they have in common. John Locke, Adam Smith, Montesquieu, Thomas Jefferson, John Stuart Mill, Lord Acton, T. H. Green, John Dewey, and contemporaries such as Isaiah Berlin and John Rawls are certainly liberals. However, they do not agree on issues such as the boundaries of toleration, the legitimacy of the welfare state, and the virtues of democracy. They do not even agree on the nature of the liberty they think liberals ought to seek. The chapter considers classical versus modern liberalism, the divide within liberal theory between liberalism and libertarianism, and liberal opposition to absolutism, religious authority, and capitalism. It also discusses liberalism as a theory for the individual, society, and the state.

POPULIST PERFECTIONISM: THE OTHER AMERICAN LIBERALISM

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-163
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Spragens
Keyword(s):  
John Dewey ◽  
American History ◽  
Walt Whitman ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent Argument ◽  
Normative Conception ◽  
American Liberalism

Recent debates over American liberalism have largely ignored one way of understanding democratic purposes that was widely influential for much of American history. This normative conception of democracy was inspired by philosophical ideas found in people such as John Stuart Mill and G. W. F. Hegel rather than by rights-based or civic republican theories. Walt Whitman and John Dewey were among its notable adherents. There is much that can be said on behalf of Richard Rorty's recent argument that American liberals would be well advised to recover and reclaim the heritage of Whitman and Dewey; but some additions and emendations to his construction of these champions of democracy would strengthen his case.

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