scholarly journals Od „nie-miejsca” do „heterotopii”. Zagrożenie jako czynnik zmieniający status przestrzeni w "Dżumie" Alberta Camusa

Author(s):  
Karol Rawski

Words can create reality which is why they sometimes arouse fear in people, especially when they are denominations of threatening forces, unfavourable to men. In my article, I would like to discuss the problem of pestilence and the utterance hereof in Albert Camus’ Plague. Why did Dr. Rieux hesitate to clearly utter the threat? Why did other characters in the novel have no problem voicing “epidemic” out loud? And above all, what are the consequences of uttering a disease? How the word “plague” destroyed the existing spatial status of Oran as a non-place; how it became a gate to building a new spatial status structure based on a heterotopic labyrinth, which, from the moment of utterance of this terrible term, was completely subjugated to the plague. How does the word escape the doctor’s room? What is the role of the figure of window in the process of the name overcoming barriers and passing from the level of language to the level of reality? And finally, whether the rhythm analysis can become an answer, deafening and counteracting the still resounding threat contained in the word.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 00022
Author(s):  
Fauzan Hanif

<p class="Abstract">Such cultural experiences have a possibility to be embedded in a memory of one generation. But there are mostly in form of traumatic experiences. And then, we learn that these memories could be transferred onto their children, or we could say it as “post generation”. In the novel <i>Dora Bruder</i>, such things happen when the author, Patrick Modiano, plays his attribute in composing genres to arrange and transfer his message. The story mainly concerns as the narrator try to find a missing girl named Dora Bruder. She was gone in 1941, or in the moment when Nazi was occupying France. This research aims to discover the relationship between the role of genre on emerging the message, particularly the traumatic ones by using the concept of genre and postmemory. From the analysis we conclude that Modiano use genres to transfer his message traumatic. It exists in form of the impression of absence. From the sensation of absence, he continues to transmit consecutively another impression of hollow, doubt, and also hope. For transferring his message and memory, Modiano mixes real documents and his fiction. He manifest them by constructing a story of another person and narrating it from the first-person point of view. He uses this technique to identify himself, because the “shared idea” of one’s could be related with another’s.</p>


Ramus ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Whitmarsh

Novels have so much solid and monolithic bulk when they sit in a hand or on a shelf; inside, the pages are forests of symbols, as though even in books of such magnitude the sentences needed compression to fit on to pages. How different to poetic volumes, beguilingly slender, their pages brilliant with blank, white space, across which the spindly words stretch like gossamer. In terms of content, however, novels are rarely as monolithic as their physical form suggests. From earliest times since, the genre has dealt, centrally, with themes of metamorphosis, transubstantiation, the fundamentally permeable nature of the self. The solid material aspect of the novel often masks a central preoccupation with the fluidity of identity.In the compass of this article, I want to explore the central role accorded by Heliodorus, arguably the greatest of ancient novelists, to questions of perceptual deception, to seeing and seeming; and in particular, I want to explore the role of artworks within Heliodorus' narrative economy. The narrative turns, as is well known, on the amazing paradox of an Ethiopian girl born white. Charicleia's skin colour is a visual trap, an illusion. Given that her freakish pigmentation is the result of her mother's glancing at an art-work at the moment of conception, Charicleia can almost be said to be a walking ekphrasis, an embodiment of the illusory traps of the unreal.


Author(s):  
Borbuniuk V.O.

The goal of the study is to analyze the novel «Without Foundation» through the prism of A. Chekhov’s works, in particular, the play “The Cherry Orchard”.Research methods are determined by the goal. The method of intertextual analysis is used to identify various models and forms of literary dialogue in the text. Comparative and typological, structural and mythopoetic methods are used in contextual analysis and interpretation of the novel to clarify the author’s artistic concept.Results. It is indicated that the play by A. Chekhov “The Cherry Orchard” from the moment of its appearance, due to the scale of artistic generalization of the loss of home and motherland, began to play the role of a pretext to all artistic and philosophical searches of the twentieth century to comprehend the existential problem of baselessness, loss of personal in the period of historical catastrophes. Meanwhile, the review of literary studies indicates the absence of the special scientific study of cultural and artistic dialogue between V. Petrov-Domontovych and A. Chekhov, which narrows the intellectual horizons of the novel. It is not easy to recognize and distinguish Chekhov’s images and reminiscences in the general cultural context of the novel. The presence of A. Chekhov in the artistic world of Petrov-Domontovych is not a direct, but an indirect dialogue, when the consonance of aesthetic intentions is manifested in identical situations, conflicts, characters of heroes and is conditioned, among other things, by the cultural context, the cultural thesaurus. In the study, through the prism of Chekhov’s works, such motives as home, garden, steppe, alms, etc. are interpreted. It turns out that the main appeal to A. Chekhov is an ephrasis of Linnik’s painting with the eloquent title “The City is Cut”, which directly echoes the finale of “The Cherry Orchard”. For the main character of the novel, the canvas is a text, sounds, and its main sound, which, like A. Chekhov’s, breaks the silence, is the knocking of the ax on the tree. The Varangian Church, symbolizing the eternal, was under the threat of the destruction of the present, as in its time the poetic Chekhov’s garden. Conclusions. Domontovych-critic was inclined towards a combined concept of modern literature, which he proposed to call “schematic synthesis”. With his own novel “Without Foundation” Domontovych-writer demonstrated a model of a new Ukrainian novel, which, depicting his own, was not intended for “home use”, but thanks to intertextual poetics organically fit into the European literary context.Key words: A. Chekhov, “The Cherry Orchard”, intertextual poetics, mythology, modernist novel. Мета дослідження – аналіз роману «Без ґрунту» крізь призму творчості А. Чехова, зокрема, п’єси «Вишневий сад».Методи дослідження зумовлені поставленою метою. Метод інтертекстуального аналізу використовується для виявлення в тексті різних моделей і форм літературного діалогу. Порівняльно-типологічний, структурний і міфопоетичний методи застосовуються у контекстуальному аналізі та інтерпретації роману для з’ясування авторської художньої концепції.Результати. Вказано, що п’єса А. Чехова «Вишневий сад» з моменту своєї появи завдяки масштабам художнього узагальнення втрати дому і батьківщини стала виконувати роль претекста до всіх художньо-філософських шукань ХХ століття щодо осмислення екзистенційної проблеми безґрунтярства, втрати особистого у період історичних катастроф. Проте огляд літературознавчих розвідок свідчить про відсутність спеціального наукового дослідження культурно-мистецького діалогу В. Петрова-Домонтовича із А. Чеховим, що звужує інтелектуальні горизонти роману. Упізнати і виокремити чеховські образи і ремінісценції у загальному культурному контексті роману непросто. Присутність А. Чехова у художньому світі В. Петрова-Домонтовича – це не прямий, а опосередкований діалог, коли співзвучність естетичних намірів проявляються у тотожних ситуаціях, конфліктах, характерах героїв і зумовлені, зокрема, культурним контекстом, культурним тезаурусом. У дослідженні крізь призму чеховської творчості інтерпретуються такі міфологеми, як дім, сад, степ, милостиня тощо. Доводиться, що голо-вна апеляція до А. Чехова – екфрасис картини Линника з промовистою назвою «Місто рубають», який напряму перегукується з фіналом «Вишневого саду». Для головного героя роману полотно є текстом, що звучить, і головний його звук, який так само, як і у А. Чехова, порушує тишу, – стукіт сокири по дереву. Варязька церква, символізуючи вічне, опинилася під загрозою нищення нинішнього, як свого часу поетичний чеховський сад.Висновки. Домонтович-критик схилявся до комбінованої концепції сучасної літератури, яку пропонував назвати «схематичним синтезом». Власним романом «Без ґрунту» Домонтович-письменник продемонстрував зразок нового українського роману, який, зображуючи своє, призначався не для «хатнього вжитку», а завдяки інтертекстуальній поетиці органічно вписувався в європейський літературний контекст.Ключові слова: А. Чехов, «Вишневий сад», інтертекстуальна поетика, міфологема, модерністський роман.


2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Losano

Critics of Anne Brontëë's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) have frequently noted the artistic endeavors of the novel's heroine, Helen Graham, yet they have not fully considered the historical and narratological ramifications of Helen's career as a painter. This essay argues that Helen's artworks cannot be considered as mere background to the novel or as simply symbolic reflections of the heroine's (or the author's) emotions. Instead, we must see the scenes of painting in Tenant as indicators of the novel's radical view of women's role as creative producers during a particularly complex moment in art history, one in which early-nineteenth-century female amateurism began its gradual transition from amateur "accomplished" woman to the professional female artist——a historical transition that, as is suggested in readings of various nineteenth-century novels, is in its earliest stages at precisely the moment of the writing and publication of Tenant. At the narrative level, the novel's many scenes of painting provide its readers with detailed, if oblique, guidelines for interpretation; the novel is formally and ideologically impacted by the presence of its painter-heroine. Most particularly, such a reevaluation of the role of painting in the novel resolves a central critical debate over the novel's problematic narrative structure.


2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Aneed Thanwan Rustam

 In novel The Outsider, Camus depicts the reality of the French colonialism in Algeria. The novel presents Camus' condemnation of Meursault's indifference to the brutality of the colonial society he belongs to. Meursault kills an Arab and he is judged not for this crime but because he doesn't behave according to the codes of his society during his mother's death. This shows that the Europeans  treat the 'others' as 'things' ,and for the European judges, the murder of an Arab is not different from breaking a stone or cutting a tree. Meurault is  a stranger in a strange world and the revelation he experiences at  the moment of facing this world splits him from the values of his society. He retreats into the world of sensations, he trusts only the things he can see and find meaning in, refusing the abstract values of his society which are devoid of meaning. This substantiates Camus's message  of art as a rebellion against the rigid system imposed on man  and his attempt to transcend the limits of his society  and create his own world of ideas in which he feels free to enjoy what he never experiences before, art as a transformation of human existence and an everlasting struggle for giving it meaning.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Foerster ◽  
K Mönkemüller ◽  
PR Galle ◽  
H Neumann

Author(s):  
Vike Martina Plock

This chapter analyzes the role of fashion as a discursive force in Rosamond Lehmann’s 1932 coming-of-age novel Invitation to the Waltz. Reading the novel alongside such fashion magazines as Vogue, it demonstrates Lehmann’s awareness that 1920s fashion, in spite of its carefully stylized public image as harbinger of originality, emphasized the importance of following preconceived (dress) patterns in the successful construction of modern feminine types. Invitation to the Waltz, it argues, opposes the production of patterned types and celebrates difference and disobedience in its stead. At the same time, the novel’s formal appearance is nonetheless dependent on the very same tenets it criticizes. On closer scrutiny, it is seen to reveal its resemblance to Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse (1927). A tension between imitation and originality determines sartorial fashion choices. This chapter shows that female authorship in the inter-war period was subjected to the same market forces that controlled and sustained the organization of the fashion industry.


2007 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Kristupas Sabolius

Kitybės klausimas dažniausiai kyla iš ego santykio su kitais arba su pasauliu. Šiame straipsnyje daroma prielaida, kad įsivaizdavimo funkcija ištirpdo subjektą ir jame pačiame atveria intersubjektyvią perspektyvą. Šiuo tikslu sugretinami Sartre’o, Husserlio bei Merleau-Ponty įsivaizdavimo funkcijos tyrimai, kuriuose išryškėja vaizdo kaip iš ego centro išslystančios ribos statusas, ir Holivudo filmo „Kovos klubas“ siužetas. Viename iš šios juostos epizodų pasirodantis pingvinas žymi egologinės schizmos akimirką ir tampa fantazijos apsireiškimu ir įsikūnijimu.Išgryninus žaidybinį, savarankišką ir multiformišką charakterį, galime konstantuoti, kad įsivaizdavimas, jei kalbėtume Kanto terminais, yra ne papildanti tarpinė funkcija, bet transcendentalinio subjekto genezėje atlieka paradoksalų „svetimos vidujybės“ arba „vidinės svetimybės“ vaidmenį. Vaizduotė yra katalizatoriaus, kuris, likdamas šalia, įgalina transcendentalinių formų išsikristalizavimą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: vaizduotė, įsivaizdavimas, fantazija, ego, kitybė, sąmonė.PENGUIN AND PROTEUSImagination as Otherness in meKristupas Sabolius SummaryThe question of Otherness is usually taken into account while discussing the Ego’s relation with Others as well as with the World. This article is based on the premises that the function of phantasy melts the subjectivity, revealing the perspective of intersubjectivity within it. On this purpose Sartre’s, Husserl’s and Merleau-Ponty’s researches on the function of imagination, which elucidate the image as the boundary slipping from the centre of Ego, are compared to the story of Hollywood’ movie „Fight Club“. The penguin, which appears in one of the episodes, registers the moment of egological schism, thus becoming the revelation and incarnation of phantasy. While the playful, autonomous and multiform character of imaginary is cleared out, we can ascertain, speaking in Kantian terms, that it has not a complementary or intermediary function, but, in the genesis of transcendental subject, plays the paradoxical role of „allien innerness“ or „inner alienity“. Thought remaining always beside, imagination is a catalyzer which enables crystallization of transcendental forms.Keywords: imagination, imaginary, phantasy, ego, otherness, consciousness.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.


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