scholarly journals Stability of the enzyme activity of a lysozyme by conjugating with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol for application as a new type of food additive for preservation

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi NODAKE ◽  
Masashi FUKASAWA ◽  
Nobuyuki YAMASAKI ◽  
Ryuzo SAKAKIBARA
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
New Type ◽  
Monomethoxypolyethylene Glycol

scholarly journals Partial purification and characterization of an endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from the culture medium of Streptomyces sp. OH-11242

1992 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ishii-Karakasa ◽  
H Iwase ◽  
K Hotta ◽  
Y Tanaka ◽  
S Omura
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
New Type

For the purification of a new type of endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from the culture medium of Streptomyces sp. OH-11242 (endo-GalNAc-ase-S) [Iwase, Ishii, Ishihara, Tanaka, Omura & Hotta (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 151, 422-428], a method for assaying enzyme activity was established. Using purified pig gastric mucus glycoprotein (PGM) as the substrate, oligosaccharides liberated from PGM were pyridylaminated, and the reducing terminal sugars of oligosaccharides larger than Gal beta 1-3GalNAc were analysed by h.p.1.c. The crude enzyme of endo-GalNAc-ase-S was prepared as an 80% (w/v) ammonium sulphate precipitate from the concentrated culture medium. The enzyme was partially purified by gel chromatofocusing and subsequent DEAE-Toyopearl chromatography. Endo-enzyme activity eluted around pI 4.8 on a gel chromatofocusing column and eluted with 0.19-0.25 M-NaCl on a DEAE-Toyopearl column. In the enzyme fraction obtained, no exo-glycosidases or proteases could be detected. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated as 105 kDa by gel filtration, and the optimum pH was 5.5. Endo-GalNAc-ase-S hydrolysed the O-glycosidic linkage between GalNAc and Ser (Thr) in 3H-labelled and unlabelled asialofetuin, liberating both the disaccharide (Gal beta 1-3GalNAc) and the tetrasaccharide [Gal beta 1-3 (Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc]. When endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from Alcaligenes sp. (endo-GalNac-ase-A) was incubated with 3H-labelled and unlabelled asialofetuin, only the disaccharide (Gal beta 1-3GalNAc) was liberated.

Obtaining of Collagen Biomaterials and Their Use in the Medical Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Melat Cherim ◽  
Rodica Sirbu ◽  
Cristina Luiza Erimia ◽  
Alef Mustafa ◽  
Aneta Tomescu
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysate ◽  
New Type ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Collagen is an important biomaterial in medical applications due to its special characteristics such as biodegradability and weak antigenicity. Thus collagen, as a new type of biomaterial, has been used in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. In addition, collagen is closely linked to several diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Gelatine can be made into roll film and drug capsules and can also be used as a delivery system which is very different from the traditional capsule. Collagen hydrolysate is a polypeptide composite obtained through further hydrolysis of denatured collagen. It has been widely used in cosmetics as well as a food additive. The three major methods of collagen extraction produce neutral salt-solubilised collagen, acid-solubilised and pepsin-solubilised collagen.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of flonicamid by Ensifer adhaerens CGMCC 6315 and enzymatic characterization of the nitrile hydratases involved

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Xiu Zhao ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ke-Xin Chen ◽  
Neng-Dang Jiang ◽  
Shi-Lei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbial Remediation ◽  
Nitrile Hydratases ◽  
Ensifer Adhaerens ◽  
New Type ◽  
Degradation Activity

Abstract Background Flonicamid (N-cyanomethyl-4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide, FLO) is a new type of pyridinamide insecticide that regulates insect growth. Because of its wide application in agricultural production and high solubility in water, it poses potential risks to aquatic environments and food chain. Results In the present study, Ensifer adhaerens CGMCC 6315 was shown to efficiently transform FLO into N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycinamide (TFNG-AM) via a hydration pathway mediated by two nitrile hydratases, PnhA and CnhA. In pure culture, resting cells of E. adhaerens CGMCC 6315 degraded 92% of 0.87 mmol/L FLO within 24 h at 30 °C (half-life 7.4 h). Both free and immobilized (by gel beads, using calcium alginate as a carrier) E. adhaerens CGMCC 6315 cells effectively degraded FLO in surface water. PnhA has, to our knowledge, the highest reported degradation activity toward FLO, Vmax = 88.7 U/mg (Km = 2.96 mmol/L). Addition of copper ions could increase the enzyme activity of CnhA toward FLO by 4.2-fold. Structural homology modeling indicated that residue β-Glu56 may be important for the observed significant difference in enzyme activity between PnhA and CnhA. Conclusions Application of E. adhaerens may be a good strategy for bioremediation of FLO in surface water. This work furthers our understanding of the enzymatic mechanisms of biodegradation of nitrile-containing insecticides and provides effective transformation strategies for microbial remediation of FLO contamination.

scholarly journals Biochemical Variants of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Giving Rise to Congenital Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Disease

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNEST BEUTLER ◽  
CLARAMMA K. MATHAI ◽  
JOSEPH E. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutant Enzyme ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
New Type ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract Previous investigations have shown considerable biochemical heterogeneity in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of G-6-PD deficient patients with congenital hemolytic disease. The red cells of four subjects with this disorder and of some family members have been investigated. The G-6-PD of the first subject was different than any previously described mutant enzyme and was named Albuquerque. It resembled the Oklahoma variant of G-6-PD, but the elevation of the Km values for TPN and G-6-PD were less, the pH optimum was slightly different, the enzyme activity of the red cells was much lower, and the enzyme had marked thermal lability. The second patient also showed the presence of a new type of variant, which has been named Duarte. This enzyme was characterized by a marked shift of the pH optimum to the acid side, with otherwise normal kinetic and electrophoretic characteristics. The other two patients were found to have enzymes which appeared to be identical to the previously described Chicago variant and Mediterranean variant. The reasons why patients with Mediterranean variant may sometimes show congenital hemolytic disease are discussed.

Obtaining of Collagen Biomaterials and Their Use in the Medical Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Melat Cherim ◽  
Rodica Sirbu ◽  
Cristina Luiza Erimia ◽  
Alef Mustafa ◽  
Aneta Tomescu
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysate ◽  
New Type ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Collagen is an important biomaterial in medical applications due to its special characteristics such as biodegradability and weak antigenicity. Thus collagen, as a new type of biomaterial, has been used in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. In addition, collagen is closely linked to several diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Gelatine can be made into roll film and drug capsules and can also be used as a delivery system which is very different from the traditional capsule. Collagen hydrolysate is a polypeptide composite obtained through further hydrolysis of denatured collagen. It has been widely used in cosmetics as well as a food additive. The three major methods of collagen extraction produce neutral salt-solubilised collagen, acid-solubilised and pepsin-solubilised collagen.

The Microstructure of Shock-Synthesized Diamond

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
Lucien F. Trueb
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Texture Pattern ◽  
Shock Process ◽  
New Type ◽  
Diffraction Diagram

A new type of synthetic industrial diamond formed by an explosive shock process has been recently developed by the Du Pont Company. This material consists of a mixture of two basically different forms, as shown in Figure 1: relatively flat and compact aggregates of acicular crystallites, and single crystals in the form of irregular polyhedra with straight edges.Figure 2 is a high magnification micrograph typical for the fibrous aggregates; it shows that they are composed of bundles of crystallites 0.05-0.3 μ long and 0.02 μ. wide. The selected area diffraction diagram (insert in Figure 2) consists of a weak polycrystalline ring pattern and a strong texture pattern with arc reflections. The latter results from crystals having preferred orientation, which shows that in a given particle most fibrils have a similar orientation.

Morphological and biochemical analyses of changes in rat hepatocytes related to wine and ethanol consumption

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
S.M. Geyer ◽  
C.L. Mendenhall ◽  
J.T. Hung ◽  
E.L. Cardell ◽  
R.L. Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Malic Enzyme Activity ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Thirty-three mature male Holtzman rats were randomly placed in 3 treatment groups: Controls (C); Ethanolics (E); and Wine drinkers (W). The animals were fed synthetic diets (Lieber type) with ethanol or wine substituted isocalorically for carbohydrates in the diet of E and W groups, respectively. W received a volume of wine which provided the same gram quantity of alcohol consumed by E. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after 6 weeks and the livers processed for quantitative triglycerides (T3), proteins, malic enzyme activity (MEA), light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Morphometric analysis of randomly selected LM and EM micrographs was performed to determine organellar changes in centrilobular (CV) and periportal (PV) regions of the liver. This analysis (Table 1) showed that hepatocytes from E were larger than those in C and W groups. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum decreased in E and increased in W compared to C values.

New type electron gun with electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
T. Ichinokawa ◽  
H. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Charge Effect ◽  
Micro Fabrication ◽  
Maximum Brightness ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Ideal

I. IntroductionThermionic electron gun with the Wehnelt grid is popularly used in the electron microscopy and electron beam micro-fabrication. It is well known that this gun could get the ideal brightness caluculated from the Lengumier and Richardson equations under the optimum condition. However, the design and ajustment to the optimum condition is not so easy. The gun has following properties with respect to the Wehnelt bias; (1) The maximum brightness is got only in the optimum bias. (2) In the larger bias than the optimum, the brightness decreases with increasing the bias voltage on account of the space charge effect. (3) In the smaller bias than the optimum, the brightness decreases with bias voltage on account of spreading of the cross over spot due to the aberrations of the electrostatic immersion lens.In the present experiment, a new type electron gun with the electrostatic and electromagnetic lens is designed, and its properties are examined experimentally.

A new type of defect structure in 124-superconducting oxide revealed by HREM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
R. Sharma ◽  
B.L. Ramakrishna ◽  
N.N. Thadhani ◽  
D. Hianes ◽  
Z. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
New Materials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Microstructural Studies

After materials with superconducting temperatures higher than liquid nitrogen have been prepared, more emphasis has been on increasing the current densities (Jc) of high Tc superconductors than finding new materials with higher transition temperatures. Different processing techniques i.e thin films, shock wave processing, neutron radiation etc. have been applied in order to increase Jc. Microstructural studies of compounds thus prepared have shown either a decrease in gram boundaries that act as weak-links or increase in defect structure that act as flux-pinning centers. We have studied shock wave synthesized Tl-Ba-Cu-O and shock wave processed Y-123 superconductors with somewhat different properties compared to those prepared by solid-state reaction. Here we report the defect structures observed in the shock-processed Y-124 superconductors.

ESEM - A multipurpose surface Electron Microscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 632-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Current State ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
New Type ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Over recent years a new type of electron microscope - the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) - has been developed for the examination of specimen surfaces in the presence of gases. A detailed series of reports on the system has appeared elsewhere. A review summary of the current state and potential of the system is presented here.The gas composition, temperature and pressure can be varied in the specimen chamber of the ESEM. With air, the pressure can be up to one atmosphere (about 1000 mbar). Environments with fully saturated water vapor only at room temperature (20-30 mbar) can be easily maintained whilst liquid water or other solutions, together with uncoated specimens, can be imaged routinely during various applications.

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