Nonlinear structural analysis of a masonry wall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangli Du ◽  
Thomas Cornelius ◽  
Joergen Nielsen ◽  
Lars Zenke Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Support Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Developments

<p>Structural modelling of a masonry wall is challenging due to material properties, eccentricity of the vertical load, slenderness ratio etc. In recent theoretical developments for design of masonry walls, a new “Phi” method to determine the eccentricity is adopted in Eurocode 6. However, the comparisons between this method and the conventional “Ritter” method shows that for certain prerequisites it would result in substantial different load-bearing capacity. Hence, in order to investigate how support conditions influence the load bearing capacity of the wall, this study performs a nonlinear numerical analysis of a wall for several load cases in ABAQUS and the result is verified with an independently developed calculation tool using MATLAB. The results show that the top rotation plays a significant role for the load bearing capacity of the masonry wall supported by slabs at both ends. It is difficult to estimate the eccentricities without a rigorous calculation.</p>

Composite action in masonry walls under vertical in-plane loading: experimental results compared with predictions

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 449-462
Author(s):  
A.T. Vermeltfoort ◽  
D.R.W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Load Bearing

The results of five experimental test series on masonry walls supported by reinforced concrete beams or slabs are reported and compared to theoretical predictions of the load bearing capacity. The experiments were performed on deep masonry beams built with respectively calcium silicate and clay brick. Investigated parameters were: position of the supports, concrete beam-masonry interface, concrete beam stiffness, type of loading, and height of masonry wall and concrete beam. Based on literature, the method proposed by Davies and Ahmed as well as the method according to Eurocode 6 were used to estimate the load bearing capacity of the tested masonry walls supported by concrete beams. The method of Davies and Ahmed allows for the determination of the stresses and stress resultants in the masonry. The analysis shows that near the support an inclined compressive force acts at the bed joint, which means that a shear-compression stress state exists in the bed joint. Strength evaluation has been carried out using the Mann-Müller criterion that is adopted in Eurocode 6. Based on the test results, it may be concluded that both methods yield conservative values of the load bearing capacity, as could be expected. Before cracking a linear elastic behavior was observed, while after cracking a strut-and-tie model may be applied. To develop more accurate design models, it is recommended to investigate the post-cracking behavior in more detail.

Experimental Testing of Slender Load-Bearing Masonry Walls with Realistic Support Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Edward James Pettit ◽  
Erum Mohsin ◽  
Carlos Cruz-Noguez ◽  
Alaa E Elwi
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Moment Distribution ◽  
Support Conditions ◽  
The Moment

Slender, load-bearing masonry walls with slenderness ratios (h/t) greater than 30 are required to be designed as pinned-pinned elements as per North American provisions for masonry, CSA S304-14 (2019) and TMS 402-16 (2016). This provision neglects the contribution of the reactive stiffness of the foundation to the strength of the wall and its effect on the redistribution of bending moments along its height. Eight full-scale masonry walls built with different degrees of base stiffness and tested under an eccentric axial load. Results from the tests showed an increased load-bearing capacity and decreased deflections with increased rotational base stiffness. Experimental data was used to determine key design parameters including the effective flexural rigidity and the moment distribution along the height of the walls. Comparing values of effective flexural rigidity determined from experimental results to code provisions, it was found both codes tend to underestimate the effective flexural rigidity of the walls.

Numerical Analysis of Masonry Enhanced by Fiber Reinforced Lime-Based Render

2014 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
Michal Přinosil ◽  
Petr Kabele
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Deformation Capacity ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Brittle Fiber

Out of plane load bearing capacity of a masonry structure enhanced by surface render made of high performance lime-based mortar is investigated by numerical simulations using the finite element method (FEM). The response of the wall is simulated firstly without render (as a reference) then with surface render consisting of conventional lime mortar with increased tensile strength (by addition of the metakaolin) without fibers and finally with the proposed lime-metakaolin mortar reinforced with PVA fibers. The thickness of the surface render is considered in two configurations (20 mm and 40 mm). Material parameters of masonry units (bricks), joints (mortar between bricks) and conventional plain render are chosen with regard to investigations of historic structures (reported in the literature), material characteristics of fiber reinforced render are evaluated based on experiments or numerical simulations of these experiments. Using these parameters and characteristics, the numerical simulations of masonry wall subjected to out of plane bending are performed. The results allow us to identify influence of the thickness and the material of render on load-bearing and deformation capacity, failure mode and amount and width of cracks. The results show that the conventional plain mortar improves load-bearing capacity and deformation capacity proportionately to the thickness of render, but the response remains brittle. Fiber reinforced mortar significantly increases the deformation capacity and load-bearing capacity and the amount of absorbed energy is significantly improved.

scholarly journals Investigation on Lateral Loading on Masonry Walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Hari Ram Parajuli ◽  
Arjun Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Lateral Loading ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Nonlinear Static Analysis ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Maximum Decrease

5) Though a traditional material used for construction for ages, masonry is a complex composite material, and its mechanical behavior is influenced by a large number of factors, is not generally well understood. This research aims to study the methodology available in the literature to evaluate the increase in performance of masonry by applying different reinforcement options under in-plane lateral loading. Nonlinear static analysis has been carried out as part of this research to achieve the above objectives. Different unreinforced masonry wall panels were analyzed at various load conditions. Material properties for the masonry wall were taken from the experimental test results of previous literature. The walls were first checked for two failure mechanisms. The stress distributions of walls were checked in each step of analysis and shear failure, and rocking failure was found. Each wall was then analyzed for six different reinforcement options. The comparison of results obtained from the reinforced wall analysis with that of the unreinforced wall indicated significant increase in lateral load-bearing capacity and decreased wall displacement with reinforcement. The maximum increase in load-bearing capacity was achieved by adding chicken wire mesh or CFRP bands throughout the wall while the maximum decrease in displacement was achieved by adding 12 mm diameter bars at the spacing of one meter.

ENGINEERING PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING THE LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY AND LIFE OF A DEFECTIVE STRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Aleksey N. SOFINSKIY
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Defective Structure ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Manufacturing Defects

A piece of rocket and space hardware may consist of tens of thousands of parts. Virtually every as-built piece of hardware has some non-conformances to the design documentation. Manufacturing defects often occur or are discovered during the final stages of the vehicle assembly or pre-launch processing. In such cases, removal of the non-conformance is either impossible or is too difficult and costly. The procedure described in the paper makes it possible to evaluate the degree of impact of a typical defect on the load-bearing capacity, strength, leak integrity, and life of a structure under its operating conditions. Sections of the procedure include description of operations involving non-destructive testing, determining loads on the vehicle and other operating conditions, stress-strain analysis, experimental determination of the material properties, prediction of the crack kinetics from the standpoint of fracture mechanics. The procedure gives a structural analyst an algorithm for solving the complex problem of estimating the service life, which consists of a sequence of specific tasks: developing the finite element model, classifying the defect, constructing the loading block, analyzing stress-strain behavior, predicting the behavior of the initial defect. Introducing the procedure into engineering practice will make it possible to increase validity of the estimate of the load bearing capacity and life, and, therefore, of the reliability and safety of the vehicle operation. Key words: structure, defect, crack, loads, stress condition, material properties, fracture mechanics, strength, leak integrity, life.

scholarly journals From Material Level to Structural Use of Mineral-Based Composites—An Overview

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Orosz ◽  
Thomas Blanksvärd ◽  
Björn Täljsten ◽  
Gregor Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Further Development

This paper surveys different material combinations and applications in the field of mineral-based strengthening of concrete structures. Focus is placed on mechanical behaviour on material and component levels in different cementitious composites; with the intention of systematically maping the applicable materials and material combinations for mineral-based strengthening. A comprehensive description of a particular strengthening system developed in Sweden and Denmark, denominated as Mineral-based Composites (MBCs), together with tests from composite material properties to structural elements is given. From tests and survey it can be concluded that the use of mineral-based strengthening system can be effectively used to increase the load bearing capacity of the strengthened structure. The paper concludes with suggestions on further development in the field of mineral-based strengthening.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BUCKLING RESISTANCE TECHNIQUE OF STEEL MEMBERS STRENGTHENED USING FRP

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 153-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENG FENG ◽  
SAWULET BEKEY ◽  
YAN-HUA ZHANG ◽  
LIE-PING YE ◽  
YU BAI
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Steel Members ◽  
Buckling Resistance ◽  
Frp Strengthening

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening technique to improve buckling resistance of steel members is presented in concept and experimental demonstration. The conceptual design of this method is introduced through the preliminary experiments on three specimens. Then, another 14 specimens are tested under axially compressive loading, by which the compressive behavior and the strengthening effects are investigated considering different design parameters and configuration, including the slenderness ratio, the confinement detail, the filled materials and the end connection. The strengthening effects are analyzed by the comparison of both theoretical and test results, which show that the overall buckling failure of steel members can be prevented by FRP strengthening and the ultimate loading capacity and deformation capacity of steel members are enhanced considerably. The maximum load-bearing capacity of strengthened members is 2.86 times of the nonstrengthened ones, and the failure maintains a ductile behavior. In addition, the load-bearing capacity of the members strengthened in this way is compared with the Euler loads of the original steel member and the composite member.

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