scholarly journals Assessment of mercury contamination of the Svitava and Svratka rivers and muscle of chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) in the urban agglomeration of Brno in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Kružíková ◽  
Renáta Kenšová ◽  
Jana Blahová ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Leuciscus Cephalus

This study focused on the total mercury and methylmercury content in the muscle of chub (Leuciscus cephalusL.), the total mercury in the river sediments and the evaluation of health risks associated with fish contamination. Chub were caught at seven localities on the Svratka and Svitava rivers in the agglomeration of Brno in 2008. The results were compared to those obtained from the same sites in 2007. Total mercury was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using an AMA 245 analyzer, and methylmercury was determined by gas chromatography (using an electron-capture detector) after acid digestion and toluene extraction in chub muscle. The highest concentrations of total mercury and methylmercury (0.12 ± 0.14 and 0.07 ± 0.02 mg·kg-1fresh weight, respectively) were found in Svratka before junction (south of Brno), whereas the lowest concentration of mercury and methylmercury in chub (0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.04 ± 0.01 mg·kg-1) was detected in Svitava before junction with the Svratka River. Total mercury in sediments ranged from 0.01 to 1.05 mg·kg-1dry weight, the highest value was detected in the sediment from Rajhradice. The lowest content (0.01 mg·kg-1) was at Kníničky. Hazard indices calculated for the selected localities showed no health risk for either a standard consumer or a fishing family. Fish from the Svitava and Svratka rivers show very low mercury concentration and hazard index and their consumption poses no health risk from total mercury and methylmercury contamination.

scholarly journals Mercury and Methylmercury Concentrations in Muscle Tissue of Fish Caught in Major Rivers of the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kružíková ◽  
T. Randák ◽  
R. Kenšová ◽  
H. Kroupová ◽  
D. Leontovyčová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Electron Capture Detection ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
A Site

The aim of the study was to evaluate mercury contamination at twelve outlet sites of rivers in the Czech Republic (Labe, Ohře, Vltava, Berounka, Sázava, Otava, Lužnice, Svratka, Dyje, Morava and Odra). As an indicator, we used muscle tissue of the chub (Leuciscus cephalus) caught at selected sites in 2007. A total of 96 fish were examined. Total mercury was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the AMA 254 analyzer and methylmercury was determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations ranged 0.039–0.384 mg kg-1 fresh weight and 0.033–0.362 mg kg-1 fresh weight, respectively. Mercury bound in methylmercury (HgMe) made up on average about 82.2% of total mercury. The highest mercury concentrations were found in fish from Obříství, a site on Labe (THg 0.263 ± 0.086 mg kg-1; MeHg 0.256 ± 0.084 mg kg-1). Mercury concentrations in fish from rivers that cross the borders of the Czech Republic (Labe, Odra and Morava) were low. The Czech Republic therefore does not contribute significantly to river pollution outside its national borders. Hazard indices of the sites monitored were well below 1, and reached 1.365 only in Obříství on Labe for fisherman’s family members (i.e. in the case of annual consumption of 10 kg fish). This indicates possible hazards involved in eating meat of fish caught in that location. Based on PTWI for methylmercury, the maximum amount of fish meat allowed for consumption per week was calculated. The site with the lowest value was Obříství on Labe (0.44 kg). The results of this study present a partial contribution to health risk assessment on the major rivers in Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Mercury and methylmercury content in chub from the Svitava and Svratka Rivers at agglomeration Brno

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kružíková ◽  
J. Blahová ◽  
R. Kenšová ◽  
J. Jurčíková ◽  
D. Hypr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fish Contamination

The aim of our study was to determine the total mercury and methylmercury contents in the muscle of indicator fish, to determine the total mercury contents in the sediment, and to evaluate the health risks associated with fish contamination. Chub (<i>Leuciscus cephalus</i> L.) were caught in seven localities on the Svratka and Svitava Rivers in the Brno agglomeration in 2007. The total mercury content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using an AMA 245 analyser. Methylmercury levels were determined by gas chromatography (using electron-capture detector) after acid digestion and extraction with toluene. The highest levels of total mercury and methylmercury contamination in the fish muscle (0.18 ± 0.09 mg/kg and 0.16 ± 0.09 mg/kg, respectively) were found at the Rajhradice site (the Svratka River, under the Brno city), whereas the lowest contents of mercury and methylmercury (0.08 ± 0.02 mg/kg and 0.04 ± 0.03 mg/kg) were detected at the Modřice site (the Svratka River). Total mercury content in the sediment ranged from 0.06 mg/kg to 1.38 mg/kg, the higher value having been detected in the sediment from the Svratka River at the Rajhradice site above the confluence with the Svitava River. The lowest content was discovered at Kníničky (the Svatka River). The hazard indices calculated for the selected localities showed no health risk to the common consumer or to the fishermen and their families.

scholarly journals Leachate seepage from landfill: a source of groundwater mercury contamination in South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Nevondo ◽  
T Malehase ◽  
AP Daso ◽  
OJ Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Landfill Sites

Mercury has been used for many centuries in the production of consumer products such as thermometers, electrical switches, fluorescent light bulbs, batteries, biocides and pesticides, cosmetics and dental amalgam filling, among others. After use, these mercury-containing consumer products form part of the municipal solid waste (MSW). As a result of an unseparated solid waste collection system, mercury-containing wastes tend to end up in landfills where mercury and other pollutants can leach out of products into landfill leachates. The present study, therefore, was conducted with the aim of determining the total mercury (THg) concentrations in leachate and sediment samples collected from 4 selected landfill sites (3 sites in Gauteng Province – Soshanguve, Hatherly, Onderstepoort and 1 site in Limpopo Province – Thohoyandou). Groundwater samples were collected from the monitoring boreholes at the four selected landfill sites in the summer and winter periods. An acid digestion method was employed for sample preparation and this was followed by analysis using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CVAAS). The concentration range of total mercury in the Thohoyandou leachate, sediment and groundwater samples was 0.12–2.07 μg/L, 0.03–0.48 μg/g and 0.09–2.12 μg/L, respectively. In Soshanguve, the concentration range of total mercury in leachate, sediment and groundwater samples was 0.10–1.20 μg/L, 0.04–0.62 μg/g and nd –1.66 μg/L respectively, Hatherly concentration range was 0.42–1.31 μg/L and 0.06–0.78 μg/g in leachate and sediment, respectively and in Onderstepoort the concentration range was 0.12–2.41 μg/L, 0.03–0.50 μg/g and 0.05–2.44 μg/L, in leachate, sediment and groundwater, respectively. The findings from this study suggest that there is a likelihood of groundwater pollution by mercury from landfill leachate seepage, particularly for landfills that are not lined with a geomembrane. 

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN SOME CHOCOLATE BRANDS AND BREAD SOLD IN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
A.I. Mohammed ◽  
A.A. Ahmed ◽  
T. Lot ◽  
M. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Three brands of chocolate and five varieties of bread samples were collected and subjected to acid digestion for evaluation of some heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, Fe, Cd and Zn) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of the studied heavy metals in the chocolate brands were in the range 0.02-0.20; 0.02-0.10 and 0.09-0.20 mg/kg for Cd, Zn and Cr respectively. whereas Pb was not detected in the study. As per the bread samples, the concentrations ranged 0.05-0.13; 0.60-2.24, 0.30-0.06 and 0.02-0.10 mg/kg for Cd, Zn, Cr and Pb respectively. This study indicates that the concentrations of the studied brands of chocolate and bread are within the allowable limits hence pose no potential health risk or hazard upon consumption. Keywords: Chocolate, Concentrations, Spectrometry, Acid digestion

scholarly journals A first evaluation on the use of Ardea albus feathers as bioindicators of mercury burden in Amazonian ecosystems

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreza Lourdes Gomes ◽  
José Luiz Fernandes Vieira ◽  
Maria da Conceição Nascimento Pinheiro ◽  
Maria Luiza Videira Marceliano
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Body Feather ◽  
Feather Sample ◽  
Total Mercury Concentration ◽  
The City

We evaluated in this study the total mercury concentration in feathers of Ardea albus collected in a colony located in the city of Belem-PA, Brazil in a prospective trial for its use as bioindicators of mercury burden in Amazonia ecosystems. An Atomic absorption spectrophotometry with gold amalgamation was used for the metal determination. The total mercury average concentration in body feathers was 2.2 ± 1.5 µg.g-1 and 1.3 ± 0.9 µg.g-1 in wing feathers. No correlation was observed between total mercury concentration and the length of body or wing feathers. Total mercury concentration was above 5 µg.g-1 dry weight in only one body feather sample.

Analysis of Foods for Arsenic and Selenium by Acid Digestion, Hydride Evolution Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Ihnat ◽  
Hanford J Miller
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Transient Signal ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Inorganic As ◽  
Entrained Air ◽  
Reference Samples

Abstract A method based on acid digestion, hydride evolution atomic absorption spectrophotometry for estimating microgram and submicrogram quantities of As and Se in foods was developed and evaluated. Samples up to 3 g dry weight were digested with HNO3-HClO4-H2SO4. As and Se in aliquots of the digests were reduced with NaBH4 to volatile hydrides, using laboratory-constructed and commercially available generators. As and Se were estimated by transient signal atomic absorbance measurements as the hydrides were decomposed in an Ar-H2-entrained air flame. Recoveries of inorganic As and Se added at levels of 0.1—1.0 μg/g to a variety of foods ranged from 70 to 125%. Analyses of several standard reference samples indicated the method is capable of recovering native analytes. Detection limits for the determinative step and the method as a whole were as low as 5 and 25 ng, respectively, for both elements.

scholarly journals Mercury content in the muscle of fish from the Elbe River and its tributaries

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Žlábek ◽  
Z. Svobodová ◽  
T. Randák ◽  
O. Valentová
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Elbe River ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
The Elbe River

The main aim of the present study was to assess the mercury contamination of the Elbe River and its tributary the Vltava River. Mercury concentrations in fresh fish muscles were used for the contamination assessment. The samples were collected in 1999, 2002 and 2003 at 7, 2 and 1 collection sites from the Elbe River, Vltava River and Blanice River (tributary of the Vltava River), respectively. Samples of bream (Abramis brama&nbsp;L.), perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) muscle were collected at the monitored sites. A single-purpose mercury analyser AMA 254 was used to determine the total mercury content in the muscle tissue of fish. Average concentrations of mercury in the muscle of bream, perch and chub were in the range 0.172&ndash;0.852 mg/kg, 0.077&ndash;1.07 mg/kgand 0.141&ndash;1.631 mg/kg,respectively. The highest values of total mercury content were found in fish from the localities Obř&iacute;stv&iacute; and Lys&aacute; nad Labem (P &lt; 0.05; P &lt; 0.01, respectively) in the river section from 120<sup>th</sup> to 160<sup>th</sup> river kilometre. The highest value of total mercury content (2.56 mg/kg) in the fresh muscle of chub was in the Obř&iacute;stv&iacute; vicinity. It poses a high risk for consumers, considering the average consumption of 10 kg fish per capita/year (hazard index 3.0). On the other hand, total mercury contamination decreased in the localities Děč&iacute;n and Hřensko (15<sup>th</sup>&ndash;5<sup>th</sup> r. km) in the period 1999&ndash;2003. The findings in 2003 indicated that the disastrous floods in 2002 did not significantly influence the mercury contamination of fish. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Mercury toxicity potential from artisanal and small scale gold mines in Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Munawar Ali ◽  
Suhartoyo Hery ◽  
Suci Asriani Putri
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Mercury Analysis ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Streambed Sediments

Artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) is considered as the largest source of mercury pollution worldwide. The ASGM has been practiced for years in the area of Lebong Regency of Bengkulu Province. To extract gold from the ores, miners use a simple technique called Gelondong. This practice involves amalgamation process which forms amalgam, a mixure composed of mercury and gold. These amalgamation generates liquid and solid wastes (tailings) which still contain significant amount of mercury. Consequently, ASGM activities can potentially create mercury contamination of the environment, especially aquatic ecosystems. This study was aimed to investigate the concentration and distribution of total mercury in rivers to which wastes from ASGM communities in three villages of North Lebong District were dumped. Water and streambed sediments along the rivers were collected and brought to the laboratory for total mercury analysis. Data showed that total mercury was not detected in the river water but high in the river sediments with high variations among lactions from 0.11 to 110.37 mg kg-1. Apparently, total mercury tended to decrease with the distance from it source. High amounts of mercury in the river sediments could potentially spread to wider area and cause bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, especially fish which can be dangerous to consume.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic nitrate in groundwater and its health risks in the view of background concentration in a semi arid area of Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Rahman ◽  
N. C. Mondal ◽  
K. K. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractAn increased nitrate (NO3−) concentration in groundwater has been a rising issue on a global scale in recent years. Different consumption mechanisms clearly illustrate the adverse effects on human health. The goal of this present study is to assess the natural and anthropogenic NO3− concentrations in groundwater in a semi arid area of Rajasthan and its related risks to human health in the different groups of ages such as children, males, and females. We have found that most of the samples (n = 90) were influenced by anthropogenic activities. The background level of NO3− had been estimated as 7.2 mg/L using a probabilistic approach. About 93% of nitrate samples exceeded the background limit, while 28% of the samples were beyond the permissible limit of 45 mg/L as per the BIS limits. The results show that the oral exposure of nitrate was very high as compare to dermal contact. With regard to the non-carcinogenic health risk, the total Hazard Index (HITotal) values of groundwater nitrate were an average of 0.895 for males, 1.058 for females, and 1.214 for children. The nitrate health risk assessment shows that about 38%, 46%, and 49% of the samples constitute the non-carcinogenic health risk to males, females, and children, respectively. Children were found to be more prone to health risks due to the potential exposure to groundwater nitrate.

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