scholarly journals Lecturers and Students of Kyiv Higher Institute of People’s Education in the Early 1920s in the Context of the System of Soviet Ideological Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Bon

Since the establishment of the Bolshevik regime, intellectuals as holders of knowledge, ideology and historical experience, were under systematic and constant pressure. Special attention was paid to political control over higher education institutions, particularly in Kyiv. This control concerned reorganization of Ukrainian universities (Russian universities were not reorganised). That is why particular attention should be paid to higher education changes during the early totalitarism period. Kyiv University served as a basis for establishment of Kyiv Higher Institute of People’s Education and other educational institutions. Besides, there was political and ideological purge of teachers and students at the same time. The forms of control over lecturers were detailed questionnaires and reports. Such famous scientists as Hryhoriy Pavlutskiy, Klyment Kvitka, and others were among those lectures. Students were controlled through commissions on political level checks (political registration). Those commissions were the ones that carried out a purge in 1921–1923s. All those actions changed the political and ideological situation in Kyiv Higher Institute of People’s Education.The subject matter of this article is to show forms and methods of control over the lecturers and students in Kyiv Higher Institute of People’s Education. The main sources used in the article are the documents of the fund P-346 (R-346) of the State Archives of Kyiv.

PARADIGMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 484-507
Author(s):  
Haydee Guillermina Páez ◽  
Nolberto Goncalves Rodríguez ◽  
Evelyn Cristina Arreaza Páez

El ser humano siempre ha puesto su curiosidad e ingenio para mejorar su calidad de vida, siendo la comunicación una de las áreas más destacadas debido a su notable rol socializador. La convergencia de los avances en electrónica, informática y comunicaciones transmutó en la telemática y en la creación de la Internet, que ha interconectado al mundo y todos los ámbitos del acontecer social. La educación, proceso netamente social, ha sido impactada por el advenimiento de la Internet desde la década de los noventa, modificando no sólo el tipo de recursos utilizados en el proceso didáctico de facilitación y adquisición de aprendizajes, por sus dos actores protagónicos: docentes y estudiantes, respectivamente; sino también, la cultura de las instituciones educativas, las cuales como en el caso Venezolano, por imperio de la ley, deben incorporar en su misión y planes de desarrollo organizacional, las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC). Transcurridas dos décadas de haber sido establecido como prioridad el uso de la internet en las instituciones educativas, ergo en las Universidades Venezolanas, en el presente artículo se analizan, bajo la visión de los mundos Popperianos (Popper, 1986), dos instituciones universitarias, una pública y otra privada; para determinar si el uso didáctico de las TIC responde a una expectativa o a una aspiración y si ésta, es personal o institucional. Se evidenció una insatisfacción de la expectativa legal decantada en una aspiración institucional, dada la existencia de una generalizada predisposición negativa de docentes y estudiantes hacia el uso de las TIC como recurso para mediar procesos didácticos en la sociedad actual, lo cual resalta el importante papel del componente afectivo personal, en este caso la afectividad digital (Goncalves, 2015), para el logro de las metas que sobre dicho uso se plantea una institución de educación universitaria.Palabras clave: TIC, Uso Didáctico, Educación Universitaria, Afectividad Digital.Uso Didático das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação nas Universidades: aspiração ou expectativa?ResumoO ser humano sempre colocou sua curiosidade e engenho para melhorar sua qualidade de vida, sendo a comunicação uma das áreas mais destacadas devido ao seu notável papel socializador. A convergência dos avanços em eletrônica, informática e comunicações, transmutou-se em telemática e na criação da Internet, que interconectou o mundo e todas as áreas de eventos sociais. A educação, um processo puramente social, tem sido impactada pelo advento da Internet desde os anos noventa, modificando não apenas o tipo de recursos utilizados no processo didático de facilitação e aquisição de aprendizagem, por seus dois principais atores: professores e estudantes, respectivamente; mas também a cultura das instituições de ensino, que, como no caso venezuelano, por imperativo da lei, deve incorporar as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) em sua missão e planos de desenvolvimento organizacional. Duas décadas após de ter sido establecido como una prioridade o uso da Internet nas instituições de ensino, portanto nas universidades venezuelanas, neste artigo analisamos, baixo a visão dos mundos Popperianos (Popper, 1986), duas instituições universitárias, uma pública e outra privada; para determinar se o uso didático das TIC responde a uma expectativa ou aspiração, e se é pessoal ou institucional. Foi encontrada uma insatisfação com a expectativa legal estabelecida em uma aspiração institucional, dada a existência de uma predisposição negativa generalizada de professores e estudantes para o uso das TIC como recurso para mediar processos didáticos na sociedade atual, destacando o importante papel do componente afetivo pessoal, neste caso da afetividade digital (Goncalves, 2015), para a consecução dos objetivos que sobre esse uso surge duma instituição de ensino universitário.Palavras chave: TIC, Uso Didático, Educação Universitária, Afetividade Digital.Didactic Usage of Information and Communication Technologies in Universities: ¿aspiration or expectation?AbstractHuman being has always been curious with all its wit about improving its quality of life, being communication one of the most featured areas due to its remarkable socializing role. The convergence of advances in Electronics, Informatic and Communications transmuted into Telematic and the creation of Internet, which has interconnected the world and all social environments. Education, truly a social process, has been impacted by the arrival of the Internet since the 90s, modifying not only the type of resources used in the didactic process of facilitation and acquisition of knowledge involving their two main protagonists: teachers and students, respectively; but also the culture of the educational institutions, which, in the Venezuelan case, by law, must incorporate in their mission and organizational developing plans, the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). After two decades of establishing the use of Internet as a priority in educational institutions, mostly in Venezuelan universities, in the present article two higher education institutions are analyzed using the Popperian vision (Popper, 1986): one private and one public; to determine if the didactic usage of ICT responds to an expectation or to an aspiration, and as such, if it is personal or institutional. A dissatisfaction of the legal expectation was evidenced, which turned in an institutional aspiration, due to the existence of a negative and general predisposition of teachers and students towards the use of ICT as resources for the mediation of didactic processes in today’s society, which highlights the important role of the personal affective component; in this case, digital affectivity (Goncalves, 2015) for the accomplishment of goals that a higher education institution has established.Keywords: ICT, Didactic Usage, Higher Education, Digital Affectivity.


PARADIGMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 484-507
Author(s):  
Haydee Guillermina Páez ◽  
Nolberto Goncalves Rodríguez ◽  
Evelyn Cristina Arreaza Páez

El ser humano siempre ha puesto su curiosidad e ingenio para mejorar su calidad de vida, siendo la comunicación una de las áreas más destacadas debido a su notable rol socializador. La convergencia de los avances en electrónica, informática y comunicaciones transmutó en la telemática y en la creación de la Internet, que ha interconectado al mundo y todos los ámbitos del acontecer social. La educación, proceso netamente social, ha sido impactada por el advenimiento de la Internet desde la década de los noventa, modificando no sólo el tipo de recursos utilizados en el proceso didáctico de facilitación y adquisición de aprendizajes, por sus dos actores protagónicos: docentes y estudiantes, respectivamente; sino también, la cultura de las instituciones educativas, las cuales como en el caso Venezolano, por imperio de la ley, deben incorporar en su misión y planes de desarrollo organizacional, las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC). Transcurridas dos décadas de haber sido establecido como prioridad el uso de la internet en las instituciones educativas, ergo en las Universidades Venezolanas, en el presente artículo se analizan, bajo la visión de los mundos Popperianos (Popper, 1986), dos instituciones universitarias, una pública y otra privada; para determinar si el uso didáctico de las TIC responde a una expectativa o a una aspiración y si ésta, es personal o institucional. Se evidenció una insatisfacción de la expectativa legal decantada en una aspiración institucional, dada la existencia de una generalizada predisposición negativa de docentes y estudiantes hacia el uso de las TIC como recurso para mediar procesos didácticos en la sociedad actual, lo cual resalta el importante papel del componente afectivo personal, en este caso la afectividad digital (Goncalves, 2015), para el logro de las metas que sobre dicho uso se plantea una institución de educación universitaria.Palabras clave: TIC, Uso Didáctico, Educación Universitaria, Afectividad Digital.Uso Didático das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação nas Universidades: aspiração ou expectativa?ResumoO ser humano sempre colocou sua curiosidade e engenho para melhorar sua qualidade de vida, sendo a comunicação uma das áreas mais destacadas devido ao seu notável papel socializador. A convergência dos avanços em eletrônica, informática e comunicações, transmutou-se em telemática e na criação da Internet, que interconectou o mundo e todas as áreas de eventos sociais. A educação, um processo puramente social, tem sido impactada pelo advento da Internet desde os anos noventa, modificando não apenas o tipo de recursos utilizados no processo didático de facilitação e aquisição de aprendizagem, por seus dois principais atores: professores e estudantes, respectivamente; mas também a cultura das instituições de ensino, que, como no caso venezuelano, por imperativo da lei, deve incorporar as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) em sua missão e planos de desenvolvimento organizacional. Duas décadas após de ter sido establecido como una prioridade o uso da Internet nas instituições de ensino, portanto nas universidades venezuelanas, neste artigo analisamos, baixo a visão dos mundos Popperianos (Popper, 1986), duas instituições universitárias, uma pública e outra privada; para determinar se o uso didático das TIC responde a uma expectativa ou aspiração, e se é pessoal ou institucional. Foi encontrada uma insatisfação com a expectativa legal estabelecida em uma aspiração institucional, dada a existência de uma predisposição negativa generalizada de professores e estudantes para o uso das TIC como recurso para mediar processos didáticos na sociedade atual, destacando o importante papel do componente afetivo pessoal, neste caso da afetividade digital (Goncalves, 2015), para a consecução dos objetivos que sobre esse uso surge duma instituição de ensino universitário.Palavras chave: TIC, Uso Didático, Educação Universitária, Afetividade Digital.Didactic Usage of Information and Communication Technologies in Universities: ¿aspiration or expectation?AbstractHuman being has always been curious with all its wit about improving its quality of life, being communication one of the most featured areas due to its remarkable socializing role. The convergence of advances in Electronics, Informatic and Communications transmuted into Telematic and the creation of Internet, which has interconnected the world and all social environments. Education, truly a social process, has been impacted by the arrival of the Internet since the 90s, modifying not only the type of resources used in the didactic process of facilitation and acquisition of knowledge involving their two main protagonists: teachers and students, respectively; but also the culture of the educational institutions, which, in the Venezuelan case, by law, must incorporate in their mission and organizational developing plans, the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). After two decades of establishing the use of Internet as a priority in educational institutions, mostly in Venezuelan universities, in the present article two higher education institutions are analyzed using the Popperian vision (Popper, 1986): one private and one public; to determine if the didactic usage of ICT responds to an expectation or to an aspiration, and as such, if it is personal or institutional. A dissatisfaction of the legal expectation was evidenced, which turned in an institutional aspiration, due to the existence of a negative and general predisposition of teachers and students towards the use of ICT as resources for the mediation of didactic processes in today’s society, which highlights the important role of the personal affective component; in this case, digital affectivity (Goncalves, 2015) for the accomplishment of goals that a higher education institution has established.Keywords: ICT, Didactic Usage, Higher Education, Digital Affectivity.


Author(s):  
Raushanya Zinurova ◽  
Tatiana Nikitina

The article introduces a comprehensive study of distance learning in higher education during the pandemic. The authors analyzed the readiness of universities to implementing e-learning platforms. They focused on the legal and organizational aspects of digital environment. The authors studied relevant interviews given by heads of higher educational institutions in various media sources. The research objective was to develop and perform a formalized interview with full-time students of Russian universities. The study made it possible to identify a wide range of issues that affect the passage to distance learning, as well as to define the prospective directions and problem areas of the digital environment at universities as part of domestic digital economy. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of tasks for a successful transfer of universities to distance or blended learning.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Levine ◽  
Laura D'Olimpio

While some may argue that universities are in a state of crisis, others claim that we are living in a post-university era; a time after universities. If there was a battle for the survival of the institution, it is over and done with. The buildings still stand. Students enrol and may (at times) attend lectures, though let’s be clear—most do not. But virtually nothing real remains. What some mistakenly take to be a university is, in actuality, an ‘uncanny’ spectral presence; ‘the nagging presence of an absence … a “spectralized amnesiac modernity with its delusional totalizing systems”’ (Maddern & Adey 2008, p. 292). It is the remains and remnants of the university.[1]Overstatement? Perhaps. We think many if not most administrators, at all levels, will likely dissent. So too will many if not most teachers and students. Trying to determine whether this is correct, or to what extent, by consulting polls and reading opinion pieces in various education journals and professional papers (e.g. Journal of Higher Education; The Campus Review; Chronicle of Higher Education) is likely to be of little help. In any case, it is the hypothesis (that universities and educational institutions generally are in a state of crisis), along with closely related ones, and concerns about what can be done in the circumstances, that have generated this special issue.This special issue highlights and illustrates that most of the contested issues regarding educational theory and practice central to how universities and schools should be, and how they should be run, are first and foremost questions of value rather than fact. They are questions regarding what we want, but more importantly what we should want, from our universities and schools; about what they should be and what students, teachers and administrators should be doing to facilitate this.[1]    See Cox and Levine (2016a, b) and Boaks, Cox and Levine (forthcoming).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tho Vo

<b>English-medium instruction (EMI) is a global trend in higher education which coincides with the digital age. This thesis examines the uses of digital technologies in an EMI context in Vietnamese higher education. It explores how teachers and students used digital technologies and how they perceived the development of students’ learning through digital technologies in the EMI environment.</b><div><b><br></b><p>The methodological approach taken was a qualitative multiple case study underpinned by an interpretive paradigm. Each case included one subject teacher and a class of 40 to 50 students in an undergraduate economics-related courses taught in English. Data from the four cases were collected during the first year of EMI implementation, from August to December 2017 from three sources of information: teacher semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and student focus-group discussions. The data were abductively analysed following the process of constructing themes suggested by Vaismoradi et al. (2016) and adapted from the thematic analysis method of Braun and Clarke (2012). </p><p><br></p> Within this context, the teachers and students used a range of digital technologies for teaching and learning activities. The technologies included digital devices (e.g. computers, laptops, smartphones, and tablets), search engines (Google, and Wikipedia), presentation tools (PowerPoint, and Prezi), organisation tools (Google drive, and Dropbox), social networks (YouTube, and Facebook), and the learning management system (LMS). The teachers used technology to address challenges they faced through EMI teaching. Their practice with technology included curating and developing materials with digital resources, presenting subject matter with multimedia and organising classes with cloud storage and the LMS for uploading materials or communicating with the students. They believed that using technology improved their students’ understanding of content knowledge, learning of English vocabulary, engagement and motivation. The students expressed confidence in using digital technologies for learning within and beyond the classroom. They reported deploying technology to search for materials, upload and download information and resources, and to organise lesson content. They proactively used technology to personalise their learning by accessing informal online activities and engaging with collective learning networks, which enabled them to collaborate and gain support for learning. The students believed that digital technologies played an integral part in enhancing their understanding of subject matter and improving their English vocabulary and skills.<div><br> <p>Teachers and students became agentic as they adapted to the new EMI context. The teachers endeavoured to adjust their teaching in response to changes including the neoliberal system in HE, the rapid technological development and practices demanded by the change of instruction language. Access to digital resources appeared to enable them to independently make pedagogical decisions and take a proactive role in EMI programmes. However, there were few substantive changes in pedagogical practice. Different influences which possibly reduced the teachers’ professional agency in completely changing pedagogy with technology included their technological, content, and pedagogical knowledge and beliefs, or conflicting influences from Confucian educational practices, belief in a teacher-centred and content-driven approach, and the exam-oriented system. The students had a strong sense of agency as proactive learners in the digital age. They were autonomous in their learning with innovative uses of technology in the EMI environment. Those uses of technology offered them collective support and facilitated them to independently cope with many changes in the EMI learning context. This raises some implications not only for institutional policy for professional development which encourages teachers’ collaboration but also for the learning support scheme and teaching practices which offer students opportunities to access collaborative support and tasks. </p><p><br></p> <p>The ROAD-MAPPING framework (Dafouz & Smit, 2020) shed light on the multifaceted nature of EMI programmes in the Vietnamese context. It highlighted the impact of glocalisation in shaping EMI policies in Vietnamese HE institutions. The introduction of EMI at the participating university was the policy makers’ response to internationalisation where global academic programmes were imported into this local context. A number of contextual factors influenced the process of EMI implementation such as the predominant role of Vietnamese as language of instruction in most academic programmes, the lack of focus on English development and requirement in EMI curriculum and language policy, the textbook-based system, and inadequate preparation for both subject teachers and students. These characteristics in the Vietnamese education context shaped EMI teaching practices in which the teachers and students focussed on disciplinary knowledge and expected English skills to follow. This suggests the synergy of ‘global’ and ‘local’ factors needs careful attention if EMI is to work in practice.</p></div></div>


Author(s):  
O. Kovalkov

The article examines the political views of Afghan students studying in the Ukrainian SSR and their attitude towards the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan and the withdrawal of Soviet troops from that country. The sources of the study were KGB analytical reports from the Branch Archive of the Ukrainian Security Service, documents of educational institutions in Kirovohrad where Afghans studied, from the State Archives of Kirovohrad region, texts of the Soviet-Afghan educational cooperation agreements, notices and diary records of the USSR ambassador in Afghanistan and other Soviet officials on meetings and conversation with Afghan politicians. It was proven that the studying of Afghans in the USSR was one of the means of the Soviet policy toward Afghanistan aimed at its forced socialist modernization. The studying of Afghans in the Soviet Union led to emergence of a large pro-Soviet stratum of the Afghan society. The factors that determined the different attitudes of Afghan students studying in the Ukrainian SSR to the armed Soviet intervention in the Afghan crisis in December 1979 were identified. Most Afghans endorsed the USSR's military intervention in the "Afghan crisis". They believed that this was necessary to protect the achievements of the "April Revolution" and to counter "world imperialism". Some of them expressed concern, fear, and even negative attitudes toward the USSR policies. These sentiments were influenced by a factional affiliation: supporters of the "Parcham" and the "Hulk" group associated with N. M. Taraki endorsed the Soviet intervention, while supporters of H. Amin condemned it. The Afghan students in the Ukrainian SSR largely rejected the withdrawal of the Soviet troops from Afghanistan in February 1989. Most of them viewed it as a betrayal by the Soviet Union. They were convinced that this would lead to the fall of M. Najibullah's regime and the defeat of the "April Revolution" in Afghanistan.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Dias

On May 2019 Brazilian Federal government declared it would follow the Japanese academic model, cutting funding for undergraduate and graduate-level programs and research on Humanities and Social Sciences. The cited reforms were implemented by Japanese Education Minister Shimomura in 2015, but Japan would later back down on these cuts. In Brazil, however, the cuts affect 30% of the budget for Federal educational institutions and frozen the continuity of the most important program from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), which distributed grants for researchers on graduate programs. This paper conducts a literature and bibliographic review in order to debate the Brazilian’s cuts on Higher Education. It is concluded that those cuts are mainly politically motivated, affecting mostly the hard sciences instead of Humanities and Social Sciences. It is also concluded the political motivations behind the slashing of funding for Education may backfire, fostering the actual and new forms of political associativism between Brazilian students and researchers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Denis Fedun

This article provides general information about the process of economists training in Ukraine during the period with the planned system of economic relations. The main subject of the research is the educational process of training future economists in institutions of higher education in Ukraine in the 1960s –1980s of the twentieth century. The structural constituent elements of the educational process are considered on the example of Kiev Institute of National Economy and Kharkov Engineering and Economic Institute. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the pedagogical experience of economic personnel training for the planned system of regulation of financial and economic relations and to identify promising areas for further research, with the subsequent introduction of the identified progressive historical experience into the modern system of higher economic education. In the process of studying the history of economic personnel training in higher educational institutions of Ukraine, in the 1960s – 1980s, on the basis of such methodological principles as: scientificness, objectivity and historicism (including the use of chronological scientific and systematic approaches), it was applied a theoretical-search research method: historical analysis of literature, documents and archival materials. The article includes: the study of the duration of the learning process; training schedule for specialists; allocation of training time for laboratory work, workshops, seminars, lectures. Within the boundaries of the main subject of the study, educational subjects of general scientific, general economic, general technical and specialized cycles are also presented, which are included in the plan of the educational process. The optional disciplines recommended for study at the student's choice are considered. Practical training is highlighted as a rather important element in the training of an economist. Options for end-of-course assessments are presented. Also, in the process of studying the historical experience of economists training in the higher education system of Ukraine, the following structural elements were analyzed: the system of higher educational institutions, through which the training of economists was carried out; forms of specialists training; types of training sessions used in the learning process; the applied knowledge assessment system; existing qualification areas of training, which included a variety of economic specialties. The value of this study lies in the fact that the pedagogical experience of the process of economists training in the period with the planned economic model of management in the Ukrainian higher education institution in the 60s-80s of the twentieth century was studied for the first time. The result of the research is the obtained data on the training of economists for a system with a planned type of regulation of economic processes, as well as the formed directions for deeper research. The main directions recommended for further detailed study in the preparation of economists with knowledge of planned methods of economic regulation are studying of: directions of specialists training and their relevance today; knowledge assessment and control system; analysis of curricula and time budget, identification of the relationship between theoretical and practical training; practice of independent and research activities, options for final certification.


Author(s):  
D. A. Ashirbekova ◽  
G. Zh. Nurmukhanova

This article examines the process of transition of the higher education system to distance learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the uniform transition to distance learning, higher education institutions differ in the strategy of its organization. As a result, an analysis was made of the country's higher educational institutions and the measures they have taken to transfer teachers and students to online education. The analysis highlighted a number of challenges faced by higher education institutions during the transition to a new format of distance learning, including the lack of infrastructure and material and technical base, difficulties in adapting training materials to the new format, lack of staff qualifications and experience of remote work. Taking into account the above problems, the pandemic showed the need for additional budgetary funds for the development of a digital educational environment, professional development of the teaching staff, as well as for the creation of jobs at universities for students who lost their jobs during the crisis, which allowed them to pay for tuition and related costs. Thus, given all the abovementioned difficulties in the transition to distance learning, for the full functioning of higher education institutions and to prevent a potential increase in unemployment, an increase in costs is necessary. This article also discusses proposals on the need to make appropriate changes in management and financial models in the field of education.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Alvin Kris B. Alic ◽  
Joel M. Bual

History is essential in the curriculum. The Readings in Philippine History (RPH) syllabus and instruction should be advanced. However, curricular changes and the pandemic affected the instruction. Thus, this study reviewed the course specification and syllabus of RPH among higher educational institutions in Kabankalan City, Philippines. Anchored on the CHED recommended syllabus in RPH, the study reviewed the course and determined the areas for improvement. Likewise, it identified the best practices and challenges. Using a descriptive design and employing purposive and stratified sampling, 269 external reviewers, teachers, and students reviewed the study. The mean, frequency count, rank, and percentage distribution were employed in data analysis. Generally, the course adheres to the standard. However, the main issue is students' learning readiness and the misalignment of teachers' specialization. Thus, a strong foundation on Philippine History among the students is necessary to ensure quality. Also, the retention of qualified teachers is essential in advancing the instruction.


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