scholarly journals Are Boys and Girls still Digitally Differentiated? The Case of Catalonian Teenagers

10.28945/3879 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 411-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roser Cussó-Calabuig ◽  
Xavier Carrera Farran ◽  
Xavier Bosch-Capblanch
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Field Methodology

Aim/Purpose: This article presents a study of ICT use and attitudes related to the computer use of girls and boys from Catalonia in order to detect which gender differences may explain the low presence of women in the ICT field and to design a proposal of actions in schools to help reduce these differences. Background: Since the number of women in the field of ICT remains very low, this study looks into the factors that influence girls’ lack of interest in ICT field. Methodology: The study collected data from 29 randomly selected public secondary schools in Catalonia with a total of 1,920 students (972 boys and 815 girls aged between 11 and 13 years old); it analyzes socio-demographic data, frequency and type of computers use and attitudes and self-efficacy on ICT use. Contribution: The study concludes there is a prevalence of stereotypes about the differences of skills and professional vocation among the teenagers and a gender difference when we focus on attitudes toward computers or self-efficacy. Findings: Boys and girls face computer use in different ways and both have a stereotyped image of their mothers’ and fathers’ digital skills and ICT jobs. Girls present higher levels of anxiety than boys when using a computer and lower self-confidence. Boys have higher self-efficacy than girls when asked for their perception about doing tasks with computers. Impact on Society: Policy makers must design strategies to minimize these gender differences in order to engage more girls in technological studies and minimize this imbalance. Future Research: Future research is needed, in the Catalan context, about whether the intensive use of computers in schools can influence the reduction of the gender-gap and identify which interventions must be made to maximize its effect.

Effects of a Low-Element Challenge Course on Abstinence Self-Efficacy and Group Cohesion

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie M. Clem ◽  
Thomas E. Smith ◽  
Kristin V. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chemically Dependent ◽  
Challenge Course ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Unity

Substance abuse researchers identify self-efficacy and group cohesion as important components in alcohol and other drug-dependency treatment. Objectives: The purpose of this single-group, pretest–posttest study is to explore the therapeutic value of a challenge course intervention on the self-efficacy and group cohesion of nine chemically dependent, adult females. Methods: Data were collected using two validated outcome measures administered before and after the intervention. Focus groups provided insight into the experiences of participants and were examined using manifest and latent theme analysis. Results: Findings indicate statistically significant improvements on both outcome measures with medium to large effect sizes. Several themes were identified including group unity, trust, interpersonal growth, and self-confidence. Conclusions: Suggestions for practice and future research are provided.

Multicultural Education Professional Development: A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary Parkhouse ◽  
Chu Yi Lu ◽  
Virginia R. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Diverse Classrooms ◽  
Self Confidence

When their teachers are well equipped to foster inclusive and equitable classrooms, students from marginalized communities show higher rates of academic achievement, motivation, self-confidence, and self-efficacy. However, many teachers complete preparation programs feeling underprepared to work in culturally diverse classrooms, making high-quality professional development (PD) in this area crucial. We undertook a meta-ethnographic, systematic literature review of 40 studies of multicultural education–focused PD programs in order to better understand the forms and features of such programs that contribute to teachers’ self-efficacy and success in working with culturally diverse students. We found a small literature base with too much variation across types of programs studied and outcomes analyzed to draw conclusions about the factors that contribute to effectiveness. However, the extant literature does point to important questions and considerations for both providers and researchers of multicultural education PD. One area for future research is how PD providers navigate tensions or challenges arising from resistance to discussions of diversity and equity. Another is locating the balance between providing specific knowledge about students’ cultures and guarding against promoting stereotypes or broad generalizations. Researchers and PD developers should also pay close attention to their underlying theories related to both teacher learning and multicultural education.

Gender Differences in English Proficiency among Early, Middle and Late Immersion Undergraduate Students: The Role of Individual Difference Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Olusiji Lasekan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Confidence

AbstractA number of s tudies conducted a cross di fferent levels of educa tion ha ve reported tha t female learners’ capa city to lea rn second language successfull y is hi gher than male lea rners ’. However, few wri ters ha ve been able to question and investi gate the effects of di fferent levels of immersions and va rious indi vidual fa ctors on male a nd female lea rners ’ English proficiency at uni versity level . The aim of this study is to exa mine how gender differences in English profi ciency is influenced by individu al di fference fa ctors among ea rl y, middle and late immersion undergradua te students . Both quali tati ve and quanti tati ve methods were used in i nves tiga ting 221 undergraduate s tudents from va rious colleges in the ci ty of Gulba rga , India. The resul ts reveal tha t the female lea rner’s hi gher English proficien cy compa red wi th the male learners’ is pa rtl y caused by their s tronger a tti tude towa rd English langua ge educa tion and self -confidence to lea rn the langua ge successfull y. Implica tions of the resul ts and future research di rections a re also presented.

scholarly journals Gender differences in fresh vegetable intake from 1979 to 2017 in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Kähäri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Health Differences

PurposePrevious research has shown that in contemporary societies, women have a healthier dietary intake than men. However, no research has examined how this gender gap develops over the long term. The present study examined how gender differences in fresh vegetable intake frequency have evolved from 1979 to 2017 in Finland and whether differences are affected by age or educational level.Design/methodology/approachThe data were derived from annually repeated, nationally representative “Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population” and “Regional Health and Well-being (RHW)” surveys on the health habits of the Finnish population. The dataset is a time series of repeated cross-sectional surveys. In total, the data sample comprised 161,996 Finns aged 20–64 years. Descriptive methods and logistic regression were used for the analysis.FindingsDuring 1979–2017, the prevalence of daily vegetable intake increased from 12 to 35% among men and from 18 to 56% among women. Thus, the magnitude of the gap between genders doubled across the study period. The increased vegetable intake was partly explained by the changing education and age structures of society. Potential explanations and avenues for future research are also discussed. Policy implications depend on whether the findings are interpreted as a case of health differences or health inequality.Originality/valueThis study used a long time series to analyse how gender differences in vegetable intake have evolved in a Nordic welfare state context. It showed that the gap in fresh vegetable intake between men and women has widened.

scholarly journals Post-graduation Plans of Undergraduate BME Students: Gender, Self-efficacy, Value, and Identity Beliefs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Patrick ◽  
Maura Borrego ◽  
Catherine Riegle-Crumb
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy

AbstractThis study investigates career intentions and students’ engineering attitudes in BME, with a focus on gender differences. Data from n = 716 undergraduate biomedical engineering students at a large public research institution in the United States were analyzed using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. Results revealed five clusters of intended post-graduation plans: Engineering Job and Graduate School, Any Job, Non-Engineering Job and Graduate School, Any Option, and Any Graduate School. Women were evenly distributed across clusters; there was no evidence of gendered career preferences. The main findings in regard to engineering attitudes reveal significant differences by cluster in interest, attainment value, utility value, and professional identity, but not in academic self-efficacy. Yet, within clusters the only gender differences were women’s lower engineering academic self-efficacy, interest and professional identity compared to men. Implications and areas of future research are discussed.

Exploring Lifestyle Activities to Reduce Internalized Ageism: Self-Efficacy as a Mediator Between Exercise, Volunteering, Computer Use, and Self-Perceptions of Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 009141502110241
Author(s):  
Andrew Steward ◽  
Leslie Hasche
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions Of Aging ◽  
Lifestyle Activities ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study is to test self-efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between three lifestyle activities (exercise, volunteering, and computer use) and self-perceptions of aging (SPA) among older adults. We hypothesize that increased self-efficacy will mediate the relationship between lifestyle activities and more positive SPA. This is a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis drawn from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; n = 4,561). Bootstrapping procedures were applied to test the significance of the indirect effects of self-efficacy in the relationship between lifestyle activities and SPA. Results indicate significant direct effects between exercise, computer use, and self-efficacy. Direct effects were observed between exercise, volunteering, computer use, and SPA. Self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between exercise, volunteering, computer use, and SPA. Implications for practitioners working with older adults are discussed. Future research should test formal intervention programs aimed at reducing internalized ageism through additional pathways.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy for Mothers at the Bulili Health Center, City Palu, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (E) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Hemiyanty Hemiyanty ◽  
Bertin Ayu Wandira ◽  
Novi Inriyanny Suwendro
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Verbal Persuasion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Center City

Background: Breastfeeding plays an important role in building the relationship between mother and baby, also the baby's growth and development. Improving the mother's self-confidence during breastfeeding is a key to the success of breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the Bulili Health Center is still low, about 37.17%. Breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) is a mother's self-confidence in her ability to breastfeed her baby. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the factors related to breastfeeding self-efficacy in the working area of the Bulili Public Health Center, Palu City. Method: This research design was quantitative with a cross-sectional design, involving 82 mothers who have babies aged 6-12 months in the working area of the Bulili Health Center. The instrument used in this study was a Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form questionnaire containing demographic data, breastfeeding experience data, observations of others, verbal persuasion, physical and emotional conditions. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Fisher's Exact Test with a significant level of p <0.05. Results: The sample with good breastfeeding experience was 62.9%, those who got the experience of others in the good category were 61.0%, those samples with verbal persuasion were in a good category of 75.6%. All samples (100%) were in good physiological and emotional condition. Breastfeeding Self-efficacy with a good category was 90.2%. The statistical test showed that the respondent's breastfeeding experience, other people's experiences, and verbal persuasion did not significantly correlate with Breastfeeding Self-efficacy with a p-value <0.05. Conclusion: Breastfeeding experience factors, experiences of other people, physiological and emotional conditions, and verbal persuasion did not significantly relate to the breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) of mothers and babies in the Bulili Health Center Work Area, Palu City.

scholarly journals Perspectives and Attitudes of Emergency Medicine Educators Towards E-Assessment Technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göksu Bozdereli Berikol ◽  
Buğra İlhan ◽  
Cem Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Learning Platforms ◽  
Effective Assessment ◽  
Medicine Education

Abstract Background: Distance assessment and evaluation(E-assessment) has recently regained popularity with the widespread use of distance education due to the pandemic. Emergency medicine education has developed theoretical and practical models on online learning and accelerated the studies on E-assessment of competencies on emergency care. While the educatiors and trainees are promptly adapting to the distance learning platforms, several factors can affect these adoptions to e-assessment models. Our study aimed to find these factors affecting the perspectives and attitudes on the practice among emergency medicine educators. Results: A survey was conducted on ninety participants of emergency medicine educators regarding self-efficacy, self-confidence, and attitudes towards E-assessment technologies. There was a statistically significant difference between computer use skills and scores, especially regarding self-confidence (p=0.02) and self-efficacy (p=0.01). We found no significant difference in terms of attitude (p=0.877). We found that those with very good computer skills had higher self-confidence and self-efficacy for distance exams. The participants' computer use skills affected self-confidence and self-efficacy for e-assessments. There was a significant difference in self-confidence (p=0.000) and self-efficacy (p=0.001) between those with and without e-assessment experience. Furthermore, the thought that it is an effective assessment and evaluation. Regarding screen sharing, 44.4% of the participants have ethical concerns; 30% were not concerned about this issue, and 25.6% were partially concerned. There was no statistically significant difference in ethical anxiety regarding e-assessment experiencing (p=0.914).Conclusion: The proficiency in using computers, experience in teaching, and the need for training on e-assessments are the key factors that affect e-assessments in emergency medicine education. Encouragement should be necessary to achieve the goal to spread the use of e-assessments in the era of the pandemic.

Gender, education, and career in the Arab world: A literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 003452372110348
Author(s):  
Najib A Mozahem
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Math Anxiety ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Females In Stem ◽  
And Mathematics

The underrepresentation of females in certain fields has been studied extensively in many countries. Similar to other parts of the World, the number of females graduating each year from universities in the Arab World now exceeds the number of males, yet gender differences in educational fields persist. The objective of this study is to review the extant literature on the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in the Arab World. The review synthesizes the findings of 86 articles that were published in journals and conference proceedings. This review explores gender differences in mathematics performance, math anxiety, self-concept, and occupational career choices. The review also explores social barriers that contribute to the underrepresentation of females in STEM fields. The study highlights differences between results obtained in the Arab World and results obtained in Western countries while also noting the differences between the Arab countries themselves. Finally, the study suggests directions for future research.

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