scholarly journals Empirical Study on the Driving Force of Urban Utility Tunnel Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2198-2206
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Lang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Land Price ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Utility Tunnel

Urban utility tunnel has been regarded as an important symbol of urban modernization, so it is important to understand the quantized relationship between city development and urban utility tunnel for city management and policy making. In this study, the internal relationship between the development amount of urban utility tunnel and urban population density was discussed, as well as urban GDP per capita, urban construction land area per capita and urban land price index, based on the IBM SPSS platform, through adopting the development amount of urban utility tunnel and the urban development data of the past 46 years of Japan. It was shown that the correlation relationship of the development amount of urban utility tunnel with the density of urban population was comparatively strong negative, and relatively strong positive, comparatively strong positive, relatively strong negative for GDP per capita, urban construction land area per capita and urban land price index respectively, which explained the driving effect that urban development imposed on urban utility tunnel construction in essence. Furthermore, a quantitative model was proposed for the relationship between the development amount of urban utility tunnel and urban development indexes, and the model could be a reference for decision making of urban utility tunnel development in China and other countries.

scholarly journals Quantifying Urban Sprawl and Its Driving Forces in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jintao Wang ◽  
Shiyou Qu ◽  
Ke Peng ◽  
Yanchao Feng
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Derived Data

Against the background that urbanization has proceeded quickly in China over the last two decades, a limited number of empirical researches have been performed for analyzing the measurement and driving forces of urban sprawl at the national and regional level. The article aims at using remote sensing derived data and administrative data (for statistical purposes) to investigate the development status of urban sprawl together with its driving forces. Compared with existing studies, NPP/VIIRS data and LandScan data were used here to examine urban sprawl from two different perspectives: urban population sprawl and urban land sprawl. Furthermore, we used population density as a counter-indicator of urban sprawl, and the regression results also prove the superiority of the urban sprawl designed by us. The main results show that the intensity of urban population sprawl and urban land sprawl has been enhanced. However, the upside-down between the inflow of migrants and the supply of urban construction land among different regions aggravates the intensity of urban sprawl. According to the regression analyses, the driving mechanism of urban sprawl in the eastern region relying on land finance and financial development has lost momentum for the limitation of urban construction land supply. The continuous outflow of population and loosely land supply have accelerated the intensity of urban land sprawl in the central and western regions. The findings of the article may help people to realize that urban sprawl has become a staggering reality among Chinese cities; thereby urban planners as well as policymakers should make some actions to hinder the urban sprawl.

Harnessing foreign aid for the poor: role of institutional democracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1689-1710
Author(s):  
Eric Akobeng
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ssa Countries

PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between foreign aid, institutional democracy and poverty. The paper explores the direct effect of foreign aid on poverty and quantifies the facilitating role of democracy in harnessing foreign aid for poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Design/methodology/approachThe paper attempts to address the endogenous relationship between foreign aid and poverty by employing the two-stage least squares instrumental variable (2SLS-IV) estimator by using GDP per capita of the top five Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries sending foreign aid to SSA countries scaled by the inverse of the land area of the SSA countries to stimulate an exogenous variation in foreign aid and its components. The initial level of democracy is interacted with the senders’ GDP per capita to also instrument for the interaction terms of democracy, foreign aid and its components.FindingsThe results suggest that foreign aid reduces poverty and different components of foreign aid have different effects on poverty. In particular, multilateral source and grant type seem to be more significant in reducing poverty than bilateral source and loan type. The study further reveals that democratic attributes of free expression, institutional constraints on the executive, guarantee of civil liberties to citizens and political participation reinforce the poverty-reducing effects of aggregate foreign aid and its components after controlling for mean household income, GDP per capita and inequality.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodological concern related to modeling the effects of foreign aid on poverty is endogeneity bias. To estimate the relationship between foreign aid, democracy and poverty in SSA, this paper relies on a 2SLS-IV estimator with GDP per capita of the top five aid-sending OECD countries scaled by the inverse of land area of the SSA countries as an external instrument for foreign aid. The use of the five top OECD's Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) countries is due to the availability of foreign aid data for these countries. However, non-OECD-DAC countries such as China and South Africa may be important source of foreign aid to some SSA countries.Practical implicationsThe findings further suggest that the marginal effect of foreign aid in reducing poverty is increasing with the level of institutional democracy. In other words, foreign aid contributes more to poverty reduction in countries with democratic dispensation. This investigation has vital implications for future foreign aid policy, because it alerts policymakers that the effectiveness of foreign aid can be strengthened by considering the type and source of aid. Foreign aid and quality political institution may serve as an important mix toward the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and the Africa Union Agenda 2063.Social implicationsAs the global economy faces economic and social challenges, SSA may not be able to depend heavily on foreign partners to finance the region's budget. There is the need for African governments to also come out with innovative ways to mobilize own resources to develop and confront some of the economic challenges to achieve the required reduction in poverty. This is a vision that every country in Africa must work toward. Africa must think of new ways of generating wealth internally for development so as to complement foreign aid flows and also build strong foundation for welfare improvement, self-reliance and sustainable development.Originality/valueThis existing literature does not consider how democracy enhances the foreign aid and poverty relationship. The existing literature does not explore how democracy enhances grants, loans, multilateral and bilateral aid effectiveness in reducing poverty. This paper provides the first-hand evidence of how institutional democracy enhances the poverty-reducing effects of foreign aid and its components. The paper uses exogenous variation in foreign aid to quantify the direct effect of foreign aid and its components on poverty.

Carbon Emission and Urban Construction Land Expansion in China: Evidence from Co-Integration Tests and Impulse Response Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1883-1888
Author(s):  
Wen Wen Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
The Impact

Using co-integration analysis, Granger causality test, and impulse response analysis in an integrated way, this paper makes empirical study of the impact on China’s carbon emission by its urban construction land expansion. The result shows that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between carbon emission and urban construction land expansion in China, with the latter being the Granger cause of the increase in carbon emission. However, the impact process shows a lagging nature. The impact effect is not so evident in a short term, but is rather significant in a long term (five to ten years). To reduce its carbon emission, China should optimize its urban development mode and control the scale of urban development reasonably, especially focusing on the economical and intensive use of land and upgrading of industrial structure, so as to reduce energy consumption by its urban expansion, check excessive increase in carbon emission, and promote the sustainable urbanization.

Small States Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change - Role for the IMF

Policy Papers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Small States ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Imf

Small developing states are disproportionately vulnerable to natural disasters. On average, the annual cost of disasters for small states is nearly 2 percent of GDP—more than four times that for larger countries. This reflects a higher frequency of disasters, adjusted for land area, as well as greater vulnerability to severe disasters. About 9 percent of disasters in small states involve damage of more than 30 percent of GDP, compared to less than 1 percent for larger states. Greater exposure to disasters has important macroeconomic effects on small states, resulting in lower investment, lower GDP per capita, higher poverty, and a more volatile revenue base.

scholarly journals Spatio–Temporal Relationship and Evolvement of Socioeconomic Factors and PM2.5 in China During 1998–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Guobin Zhu ◽  
Qiangqiang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

A comprehensive understanding of the relationships between PM2.5 concentration and socioeconomic factors provides new insight into environmental management decision-making for sustainable development. In order to identify the contributions of socioeconomic development to PM2.5, their spatial interaction and temporal variation of long time series are analyzed in this paper. Unary linear regression method, Spearman’s rank and bivariate Moran’s I methods were used to investigate spatio–temporal variations and relationships of socioeconomic factors and PM2.5 concentration in 31 provinces of China during the period of 1998–2016. Spatial spillover effect of PM2.5 concentration and the impact of socioeconomic factors on PM2.5 concentration were analyzed by spatial lag model. Results demonstrated that PM2.5 concentration in most provinces of China increased rapidly along with the increase of socioeconomic factors, while PM2.5 presented a slow growth trend in Southwest China and a descending trend in Northwest China along with the increase of socioeconomic factors. Long time series analysis revealed the relationships between PM2.5 concentration and four socioeconomic factors. PM2.5 concentration was significantly positive spatial correlated with GDP per capita, industrial added value and private car ownership, while urban population density appeared a negative spatial correlation since 2006. GDP per capita and industrial added values were the most important factors to increase PM2.5, followed by private car ownership and urban population density. The findings of the study revealed spatial spillover effects of PM2.5 between different provinces, and can provide a theoretical basis for sustainable development and environmental protection.

scholarly journals Determinants of information and communication technology (ICT) adoption in developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (39) ◽  
pp. 4116-4126
Author(s):  
Zaheer uddin Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
High Income ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Ict Adoption ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Per Capita

Background/Objective: The adoption of Information and communication technology (ICT) in developing countries is increasing during last two decades. This study explores the determinants of ICT adoption in 67 selected developing countries. Methods/Statistical analysis: Panel data was collected from World Bank and International telecommunication websites for the period of 2000 to 2018. This study explores the impact of access to electricity, ICT good imports, financial development index, GDP per capita, urban population, control of corruption and government effectiveness on ICT adoption. Selected developing countries are divided into four panels such as low income, lower middle, upper middle and high income countries. Pesaran CSD, Friedman CSD and Frees CSD tests are used to check the presence of cross-sectional dependency in the panel data. The results confirmed the presence of crosssectional dependency in the variables and hence CIPS second generation unit root test is used for stationarity. Kao test is used to check the long run cointegration among the variables. FMOLS is used for regression analysis. Findings: The regression results show the mixed findings in different panels. The results indicate that access to electricity is an important determinant of ICT adoption in low and lower middle income developing countries. ICT imports and Government effectiveness are among the significant determinants of ICT adoption in low, upper middle and high income developing countries. GDP per capita is an important variable for each panel. Urban population is found to enhance ICT adoption in lower middle and high income developing countries. It is recommended that Government should focus on these important determinants to increase the ICT adoption in selected developing countries. Novelty/Application: ICT development index is used as a dependent variable instead of components of ICT such as internet, mobile phone and computer penetration. New econometrics techniques and variables are used in analysis.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic and Financial Shocks in African Franc Zone: Exploring the nexus with Vector Autoregression

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Gérard Tchouassi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Franc Zone ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Interest Rate

This paper analyzes the impulse response functions due to macroeconomic and financial shocks in the African franc zone. To this end, we rely on the estimation of a vector autoregression (VAR) model for a sample of 14 African countries of the franc zone over the 1994-2014 times. Our results show that the evolution of the combined impulse response functions that a shock of the interest rate has a positive impact on snapshot itself, but negative on the other variables. A shock of the consumer price index has a positive impact on the instantaneous interest rate and the change in GDP per capita. But has a negative impact on the global balance as well as itself. A shock of the global balance has a negative higher instantaneous impact on itself but positive on the other variables. Although the variations observed following this shock on the other variables are quite low. A supply shock in the level of GDP per capita has a negative instantaneous impact on the global balance and itself, but positive on the other variables. Moreover, while this shock causes a slight increase in interest rates over the time, the stationary trend evolutions of the price index and decreasing of the global balance is observed. In terms of recommendations, it appears that the interest rate and the global balance are the two central variables that have captured the attention of the economic policymakers in these countries to improve country’s performance on the pathway of progress.

LIDL®: the Implementation and Operation Environment of Spatial Arrangement of Urban and Rural Land Resources

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3814-3820
Author(s):  
Ping Ren ◽  
Fen Na Wu ◽  
Jie Ming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Implementation Method ◽  
Operation Environment ◽  
Rural Construction

Currently, urban development needs more construction land, and food security requires the guarantee of a certain farmland. This causes a sharp contradiction between the lack of urban construction land and the protection of farmland. Meanwhile, rural construction land was extensively used. So, the solution of this contradiction is allocating urban and rural construction land. Taking Xindu district of Chengdu as an example, this paper proposed the implementation method and operation environment of linking the increase in land used for urban construction with the decrease in land used for rural construction (hereinafter referred to as the “link”). It is proven by research that the farmland increased 11.4 mu, the land of farmers centralization residence saved 438.7 mu and the land of urban construction increased 533.2 mu. The link realized the goal of without increasing the total amount of construction land and decreasing the farmland, and improving quality at the same time.

scholarly journals Normalization of green space as a component of ecological stability of a town

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 428-437
Author(s):  
Vasyl Yukhnovskyi ◽  
Olha Zibtseva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City ◽  
Equal Density

The article analyzes and compares the existing quantitative norms of green space in different cities of Ukraine and other countries. It is substantiated that the index of provision of green space per capita is significantly more informative under the condition of equal density of the urban population and must necessarily be supplemented by the indicator – the level of greening. The comparison of data relative to Ukrainian cities is complicated by the categorization of green plantings adopted in the country, rather than the green spaces, as practiced in most countries. Despite the relatively low density of settlements, the provision of green space per capita in Ukrainian cities often does not meet the requirements of EU and UN. The primary use of the recreational function of green plantations in modern conditions is appropriate to reorient to the ecological function of green spaces and sustainable urban development. We consider necessity to introduce a minimal environmental norm for the total number of green spaces within the city territory regardless of the form of ownership.<br /><br />

scholarly journals The Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Urban Construction Land Expansion in Wuhan, Central China

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 03071
Author(s):  
Qianwen Han ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Shanshan Hu ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Image ◽  
Central China ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Expansion Speed

Data of construction land in Wuhan city were obtained from remote sensing image in different periods. Based on the spatial analysis function of GIS, the characteristics of construction land expansion were identified by several methods to analyse the spatial-temporal features of Wuhan city area from 1995 to 2015, which included expansion speed, expansion elasticity, contribution rate of expansion, centre-ofgravity shift, and quadrant orientation. The results showed that the construction land area increased gradually from 1995 to 2015 in Wuhan city, and the expansion speed first increased and then decreased. The direction of construction land expansion in Wuhan city was expanded to the southwest significantly. The construction land expansion can’t meet the needs of population growth. Jiangxia district contributed most to the expansion of Wuhan city.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document