scholarly journals Evaluation of Geology and Hydrogeology of the Water Leakage in Hammam-Grouz Dam, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-295
Author(s):  
A. Toumi ◽  
B. Remini
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Water Leakage ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Hydraulic Infrastructure ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right

Water has been known since antiquity as the catalyst and survival of mankind. Therefore, hydraulic structures have been constructed to resolve various hydraulic problems which are exposed such as: pollution, eutrophication, accelerated siltation, intense evaporation and water leakage. In Algeria, the problem of water leaks has appeared in many dams, among them the Hammam Grouz dam in the north-east of the country. Indeed, the hydro-technical work is considered as the most threatened in the country by this thorny problem. During the period between 1984-1987, there is a lack of suitable site for dam construction in this area led the services concerned to build this infrastructure in a cluse composed of limestone (Cenomanian) moderately karstic which are characterized by dissolutions concentrated along the joints. This site was consolidated and sealed during the construction of the dyke dam that allows its exploitation before a real test. However, it should be noted that the water level rose above the normal reservoir level for the first time (January 26, 2003) showed that this site can no longer withstand the strong pressure forces caused by the coastline water. In fact, significant water leaks have appeared at the lower gallery and downstream foot of the right bank. The following variation of water leaks over time, it can be observed that a convergence of stability of the level of the water level in the bowl to levels not exceeding 718 m which is the equivalent of less than 1/3 of the original storage capacity of the dam. The appearance of significant water leaks at the Hammam Grouz dam as soon as the spill was first discharged indicated that the sealing works carried out during the construction of the dyke had either lost their effectiveness or they were not perfect. The settlement works carried out today at the level of the basin and the banks of this hydraulic infrastructure. Despite having minimized the flow of the resurgences that appeared downstream of the dike, they did not solve the problem definitively. This may result in the appearance of a place of water leaks. Indeed, during the hydrological year 2007/2008, the appearance of a vortex in November 2007 within the lake rendering the dam of Hammam Grouz useless because it was empty during the first three months of the year 2008, in addition to the water loss that threaten them. This phenomenon floods the lower gallery of the dyke with each rise of the level of water beyond a limit threshold. Hence, it is impossible to perform some monitoring related to stability control. The harmful effects of the problem of water leakage, the stability of the dike and the quantity of water stored, especially with water scarcity in this semi-arid region, require treatment of this phenomenon. The most adapted techniques are the use of sealing materials. Having the same characteristics as the places to be waterproofed and which adapt sufficiently to their geological formations, the allocation of sealing works to a highly qualified co-contractor, are of great importance in order to provide satisfactory sealing results to make it watertight in order to operate it properly. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2021-02-03-08 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Indonesia's Diplomacy in North Natuna Sea in Confronting China to Protect National Interests

FOCUS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Gerald Theodorus Lumban Toruan ◽  
Adi Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The North ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right

North Natuna Sea is become a concern, at the end of 2019 to February 2020 this area was illegally entered by Chinese fishing vessels who wanted to fishing, this vessel was escorted by the Chinese Coast Guard. This escort is in order to protect their fishing vessels from the pursuit of Indonesian patrol vessels. According to the them that they did not violate Indonesian territory, they said that the North Natuna Sea still belongs to Chinese territory. In the perspective of the international relations what is done by China can disrupt the stability of regional security. This research is a qualitative descriptive with secondary data collection. The formulation of the research question is what kind of diplomacy is being carried out by Indonesia towards China in the North Natuna Sea. The purpose of this research is to find the right diplomacy concept in dealing with the China in the North Natuna Sea.

scholarly journals The inventory of vegetation cover of small river valleys in the north-east of the Samara Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Vera Valentinovna Solovieva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Small River ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Right ◽  
River Valleys

The study covered 10 small rivers in the North-Eastern part of the Samara Volga region. The author studied the vegetation cover, which is understood as a set of phytocoenoses and their constituent plant species. On the territory of Pokhvistnevsky District, there are two groups of river valleys that are heterogeneous in geobotanical terms. The first group includes the rivers with forested valleys (Kutlugush, Murakla, Karmalka). Their slopes are more or less symmetrical and steep. The vegetation cover of an undeveloped floodplain is usually uniform, and there is usually no belt. The valleys of the second group are treeless; their slopes are sharply asymmetrical (Amanak, Tergala, Talkish). The right-bank tributary of the Maly Kinel River the Lozovka River with its length of 20 km and the left tributary Kuvayka River with its length of 16 km were studied on the territory of Kinel-Cherkassky District. The Padovka and Zaprudka rivers and the right tributaries of the Bolshoi Kinel River (Kinelsky District) were also studied. The most common associations are (Salix fragilis heteroherbosa, Scirpus sylvaticus purum, Agrostis stolonifera Amoria repens, Elytrigia repens + Poa angustifolia heteroherbosa). In total, 19 types of phytocoenoses were noted, 4 of them are found in half of the studied rivers. In the plant communities of small river valleys there are 232 species of higher wild plants, which belong to 139 genera from 48 families. This is 60% of the total number of higher plants registered in the flora of small river valleys of the Samara Region. Rare protected plant species are registered here: Adonis volgensis Steven ex DC., Cacalia hastata L., Delphinium cuneatum Stev. ex DC., Globularia punctata Lapeyr.

The Legal Rayonnement of Rebel Justice: Recognition, Complementarity, and Kurdish Courts

2021 ◽  
pp. 355-451
Author(s):  
René Provost
Keyword(s):  
Regional Government ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Kurdistan Workers Party ◽  
The Right ◽  
Criminal Matters

Chapter 4 analyses the possible legal recognition of insurgent justice by other actors, using the judicial practice of three independent Kurdish non-state armed groups in the Middle East as a case study. The Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK, Kurdistan Workers’ Party) has been engaged in a bitter armed struggle with Turkey since 1984, with rear bases in northern Iraq and Syria. The Partiya Yekîtiya Demokrat (PYD, Democratic Union Party) is a Kurdish insurgent group that joined the anti-Assad uprising of 2011 and now controls parts of the north-east part of Syria, in a precarious coexistence with the Syrian government. Finally, the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) has operated independently since 1991 and remain in a military standoff with the central Iraqi government. All three Kurdish groups operate courts at trial and appeal levels, for civil and criminal matters. The chapter considers the possible application of the principle of complementarity under the Rome Statute in relation to a prosecution before the courts of a non-state armed groups. Likewise, the right or duty of third states under international law to give recognition to the operation of insurgent courts is examined. More radically perhaps, there is a possibility that even the territorial state might in some cases give legal effect to rebel court decisions. Finally, the Kurdish courts offer examples in which one non-state armed group is confronted with the need to determine the validity of the decisions of courts of other armed insurgents.

An Early Classical Disc Relief from Melos

1951 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 96-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. J. Karouzos
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Classical Style ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Waves

In the islands surprises seem to be as ἀνήριθμοι as the γέλασμα of the waves. If news came from anywhere else of the discovery of a circular marble slab carved with a head in relief, experience would lead the archaeologist to expect a late portrait or one of the so-called oscilla. Not so on Melos: here he finds himself confronted with the splendid head of a goddess carved in the purest Early Classical style.For such in fact is the fragment of a circular marble disc (Plate XXXVII and fig. 1) discovered in 1937 on the slopes of Klema, the site of the ancient town of Melos. It was found lying on the surface of the ground, on the property of Panagioulis Vikhos, to the north-east of Kalyvaki. The distinguished lawyer of Plaka, Mr. N. Kyritses, to whom we must again express our gratitude for having rescued it, readily offered it to the State.The disc is of Parian marble. Its convex obverse is decorated in relief with a head in profile to the right—an unusual subject. The reverse (fig. 2) is flat and smooth. The flat rim joining the two faces is 0·016 m. wide, but at the centre, where it is broken, the disc is 0·073 thick, not counting the height of the relief. The greatest preserved height of the fragment is 0·325 m., the greatest width 0–335.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Carrying Angle in the Ethnic Assamese Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (51) ◽  
pp. 3090-3093
Author(s):  
Monjushree Chakravarty ◽  
Rashmi Rekha Bordaloi
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Medical College ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Carrying Angle ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND Assam is in the North East of India. The earliest inhabitants of Assam were people who came from Southeast Asia. The ethnic communities constitute about 12 to 13 percent of the state population. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the carrying angle of the elbow in ethnic Assamese community. METHODS The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Tezpur Medical College. Out of 225 students admitted in first semester M.B.B.S. in two consecutive years in Tezpur Medical College, 20 students belonged to different ethnic communities of Assam. The carrying angle of both the right and left upper limbs were measured in the twenty selected students. Evaluation was done following all legal formalities. RESULTS The mean carrying angle in males was 10.33 + / - 1.56 in the right limb and 12.11 + / - 1.72 in the left limb; in the females it was 11.73 + / - 2.73 on the right side and 11.45 + / - 3.26 degree on the left side. CONCLUSIONS The study was done to find the carrying angle of the elbow in the ethnic Assamese community. The results of this study will be of help in the diagnosis and treatment of deformity and injury around the elbow. KEYWORDS Carrying Angle, Elbow, Ethnic Assamese Community

scholarly journals STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR EMBANKMENTS WITH GEOELECTRICITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Teddy Wartono Sudinda
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right

Abstract The collapse of the embankment is a problem that needs attention to find the right solution, so that the risk can be minimized. The condition of the embankment is influenced by the strength of the soil layer of the embankment, groundwater flow in the embankment, the condition of the water level of the embankment and human activities around the embankment. Changes in the quality of soil density in the embankment can form cavity zones within the embankment which cause changes in groundwater flow patterns in the embankment. The degradation of the soil layer of the embankment can cause piping, overtopping which is the cause of erosion of the embankment body and disturbs the stability of the embankment. Therefore, to determine the condition of the embankment soil layer, research on the stability of the embankment has been carried out using the geoelectric method at the location of the embankment in the Cipancuh and Penjalin reservoirs, so that an image of the embankment soil layer is obtained to determine the cavity zones in the embankment, the flow pattern in the embankment soil layer. Keywords:  cavity zones, flow patterns, geoelectric methods, the stability of the embankment.

The Ancient Road Systems of the Central and Northern Ager Faliscus. (Notes on Southern Etruria, 2)

1957 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 67-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Frederiksen ◽  
J. B. Ward Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Northern Limit ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The Road ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Arterial Road ◽  
Road Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
North Western

The modern Via Cassia, now as in antiquity the great arterial road up through the heart of south-eastern Etruria, after crossing the Fosso dell'Olgiata less than a kilometre to the west of the north-western gate of Veii, climbs steadily for about 7 km. to cross the Monti Sabatini, the line of extinct volcanic craters that runs eastwards from Lake Bracciano, forming a natural northern boundary to the Roman Campagna. After cutting through the southern crest of the crater of Baccano, with its magnificent views southwards and eastwards over Rome towards Tivoli, Palestrina and the Alban Hills, the road drops into the crater, skirts round the east side of the former lake, and climbs again to the far rim, before dropping once more into the head of the Treia basin, on its way to Monterosi and Sutri.From this vantage-point a whole new landscape is spread out before one (pl. XLVII). To the west and north-west, the tangle of volcanic hills that forms the northern limit of the Monti Sabatini, rising at its highest point to the conical peak of Monte Rocca Romana (612 m.); beyond and to the right of those, past Monterosi and filling the whole of the north-western horizon, some 10–15 km. distant, the spreading bulk of Monte Cimino (1053 m.), with its characteristically volcanic, twin-peaked profile; to the north and north-east, the gently rolling woods and fields of the Faliscan plain, deceptively smooth, stretching away to the distant Tiber.

Centrifuge modeling of municipal solid waste landfill failures induced by rising water levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1739-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-min Chen ◽  
Jun-chao Li ◽  
Chun-bao Yang ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Liang-tong Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Centrifuge Modeling ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
The Stability

New types of synthetic municipal solid wastes (MSWs) were developed, exhibiting engineering characteristics similar to those of real MSWs at different states of degradation in terms of total unit weight, void ratio, water content, compressibility, permeability, stress–strain relationship, and shear strength. Using these synthetic MSWs, several centrifuge model tests on the stability of geosynthetics-lined landfills with rising water levels were performed. The test results revealed the developing processes of MSW landfill failures induced by rising water levels. In most tests, a continuous slide occurred once a critical water level was attained. The ratio of critical water level and landfill height was 0.75–0.92 for present model tests using fresh or partly degraded synthetic MSWs with landfill slope ratio of 1:1–1:3, increasing with the increases of MSW degradation states and decreases of the slope ratio. An engineered berm increased the critical water level by 1.3%–9.5%. The landfills without an engineered berm tended to slide along the bottom liner; however, for normal landfills with an engineered berm and a slope ratio of 1:3, penetrating cracks developed when the failures occurred. These results provide a good reference for water level and stability control of the landfill, and the construction of an engineered berm is suggested to improve the stability of these landfills.

A Moated Mound at Abingdon, Berks.

1934 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Present State ◽  
The South ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Ordinary Water ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Good State ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
The Town

About 80 yds. to the north-east of an old house known as ‘Fitzharry's’ on the northern outskirts of the town of Abingdon is an early Norman moated mound in a good state of preservation. The mound is formed by the upcast of the encircling ditch and is covered with trees; it is roughly circular in shape, the axis from north to south measuring about 78 ft. and from west to east about 68 ft. At present the mound stands up about 10 ft. above the ordinary water-level. The moat is still (except in times of drought) filled with water supplied by an adjacent streamlet, an arm of which formerly appears to have entered the moat on the northern side. This entrance has since partly silted up but is plainly discernible. After flowing through the moat, the water rejoined the original stream at the south-east corner. The exit and the intake form at present only one channel. Originally there were separate channels. The mound and moat duly appear on the Ordnance Survey plans of 1875, and to the east is a tongue of land which may have served as a rudimentary bailey; in its present state it is roughly pear-shaped and much smaller than most of the known examples of the Norman bailey. On the further face of this tongue the streamlet surrounding it widens out considerably. Originally both the mound and the tongue were entirely enclosed by water, which, pursuing its course, descended through the town and fell into the Thames at Abingdon Bridge. On its way the streamlet served till recent times as a parish boundary.

scholarly journals Investigating the prevalence of Bark beetles of Pinus halepensis in the North East semi-arid region of Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyès Moumeni ◽  
AMANDINE GASTEBOIS ◽  
LOUIZA GILLMANN ◽  
NICOLAS PAPON ◽  
FARIDA BENIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Moumeni L, Gastebois A, Gillmann L, Papon N, Benia F, Bouchara J-P, Bounechada M. 2021. Investigating the prevalence of Bark beetles of Pinus halepensis in the North East semi-arid region of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 2755-2762. Aleppo pine is the most common tree in the semi-arid forests of Algeria. Despite its high resistance to drought and adaptability to all types of soils, the effects of climate change are affecting it directly and indirectly. Stressed trees indeed are subject to bark beetle attacks. In this study, we sampled the bark beetles directly from the affected pine trees. Six species belonging to the Scolytinae subfamily were identified. Tomicus detruens and Orthotomicus erosus were widely spread and present in the three studied forests, where they were found to colonize living trees while Crypturgus numidicus, Crypturgus mediterraneus, Hylurgus ligniperda and Hylurgus micklitzi colonized only dead trees. Together with future identification of the microfungi associated with these xylophagous insects, these data may help to define prevention measures to fight the decline of Aleppo pine forests observed in some parts of Eastern Algeria.

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