scholarly journals “The Gorky Komsomol – to the children!: Archival documents. Memoirs”: Revisiting the Book Publication in Nizhny Novgorod

2020 ◽  
pp. 1267-1272
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Gordin ◽  
◽  
Elena D. Gordina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Child Neglect ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Systematic Solution ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development

The problem of children upbringing is always significant, especially in difficult, critical social situations. In modern times, it seems necessary to reconsider the Soviet experience in systematic solution of this problem: in the period when the Soviet state was emerging after the Civil War, in the days of its further development, in the most difficult period of the Great Patriotic War, in the post-war decades, and in the difficult years of the Perestroika. Documents collection “The Gorky Komsomol – to the children!” includes all types of documents (protocols, background informations, reports, information, memos, documents of personal provenance, photographs, etc.); it is the first publication that comprehensively covers the Komsomol members work with children in the Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) region. In working on the book, materials of 47 district committees, city committees, and Komsomol committees have been used, 550 sources have been identified. 215 documents and 90 photographs are included in the collection, almost all of which (with exception of 11) are being published for the first time. Previously, the Nizhny Novgorod archivists published two collections: “You and I, Leningrad” (2014) and “Childhood seared by the war” (2015). Thus, the documentary material on important and practically unstudied by the Nizhny Novgorod researchers “children” topic is being introduced into scientific use. The documents in the collection allow us to reconstruct the forms of Komsomol members’ participation in the upbringing children and adolescents. Much attention is paid to the Komsomol patronage over children’s institutions, the Komsomol members’ fight against child neglect, the activities of pedagogical groups, and the organization of children’s leisure. Of particular interest are new photographs from the personal provenance archives and memoirs of the Komsomol activists. This collection, on the one hand, helps to fill the gap in the picture of historical past of the Gorky region, on the other hand, mainstreams the “children” topic and invites historians to turn to its further study.

“Satisfied with the Ruins of Berlin”: The German Capital’s Image in Soviet Graphics of 1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-575
Author(s):  
Irina I. Rutsinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Justice ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

An artist who finds themselves in the last days of a war in the enemy’s defeated capital may not just fix its objects dispassionately. Many factors influence the selection and depicturing manner of the objects. One of the factors is satisfaction from the accomplished retribution, awareness of the historical justice triumph. Researchers think such reactions are inevitable. The article offers to consider from this point of view the drawings created by Soviet artists in Berlin in the spring and summer of 1945. Such an analysis of the German capital’s visual image is conducted for the first time. It shows that the above reactions were not the only ones. The graphics of the first post-war days no less clearly and consistently express other feelings and intentions of their authors: the desire to accurately document and fix the image of the city and some of its structures in history, the happiness from the silence of peace, and the simple interest in the monuments of European art.The article examines Berlin scenes as evidences of the transition from front-line graphics focused on the visual recording of the war traces to peacetime graphics; from documentary — to artistry; from the worldview of a person at war — to the one of a person who lived to victory. In this approach, it has been important to consider the graphic images of Berlin in unity with the diary and memoir texts belonging to both artists and ordinary soldiers who participated in the storming of Berlin. The combination of verbal and visual sources helps to present the German capital’s image that existed in the public consciousness, as well as the specificity of its representation by means of visual art.

Bosnian voices from the bottom of the well: Genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity and victims’ right to remedies

2021 ◽  
pp. 026975802110464
Author(s):  
Alma Begicevic
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Close Family Member ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One

Human rights advocates call for reparation as an important step to acknowledge and repair historical injustice and mass harms. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, victims of war continue to seek monetary reparation for non-pecuniary damages caused by genocide: murder, injury to human body and dignity, and harms inflicted upon a close family member. They seek legal remedies using national, foreign, and international human rights judicial venues. Drawing from qualitative, ethnographic research data and archival documents, the article examines legal claims and public discourse regarding reparation and makes a case for a reconceptualization of reparation by including victim voices. The article concludes that despite being absent from the post-conflict victims’ reparation programs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, monetary reparation has assumed a social valuation attribute. On the one hand, it is a victim’s call for retributive, legal conceptions of justice – that someone who escaped international and national criminal justice programs pays. On the other hand, it is a tool to draw attention to Bosnian victims’ present civil and political exclusions that came with the international post-conflict peace treaty. While the post-war reconstruction focused on international trials, democratization, restorative justice, and state building programs, it also restricted socio-economic and cultural rights by redefining the citizenship and dismantling the welfare state. Reparation is a debt owed to victims.

scholarly journals His Majesty Emperor Hirihito of Japan, K. G., 29 April 1901 - 7 January 1989

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 241-272
Keyword(s):  
Science Museum ◽  
World War ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Implicit Trust ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
National Science Museum

The biographer, reflecting on the long and manifold life of the Showa Emperor, cannot but be struck by many contrasts. None, perhaps, is greater than that which distinguished the Scholar Emperor and Imperial Biologist, about whom this memoir is written, from His Imperial Majesty the Emperor and Statesman. Many short articles have appeared in illustration of his biological prowess (Egami 1989; Guillain 1989; Hamburger 1962; Kitamura 1988; Komai 1972; Reischauer 1975; Steam 1989; Taku 1972), and there is the early book by Hino (1931). The substantial biographies of the western press, however, treat it as if it had been a pastime (Haas 1975; Mosley 1966; Packard 1987; Sayle 1988; Takeda 1988). It was far more. No amateur could have encompassed and mastered the vast field of nature that he did and have risen to international authority. His enjoyment of biology not only provided comfort and relaxation, as others have remarked, but reflected his confidence in natural science as a means, so dear to his heart, of uniting all mankind. With much greater resources than others, he assembled a biological court of advisers in whom he had implicit trust, and became the first emperor to have devoted his spare time to science. Said to have entered this world alarmingly slight as an infant, he developed the physique and resolution to reign for 62 years, longer than any monarch in history, and he passed away still dwelling on that research. He wore two faces. There was the placid, impassionate, and, even, obedient leader in public regard, and there was the eager intent of the original investigator whether in the field or the laboratory, bent on discovery and understanding. A boy, raised strictly in the aura of the one divinely to ascend the Chrysanthemum Throne, found not respite so much as inspiration in studying the humblest orders of life. Surrounded with beauty and detesting conflict, he was led into the second and most frightful world war, to rescue his country, for the first time in its history, from shattering and abject defeat, by that very humility which his science had nurtured. A dual image has already been ascribed. Takeda compares an arrogant monarchy with the democratization of post-war and modem Japan. Others have contrasted the impassionate emperor with the endearing father who loved his children; and in both regards there is a profound chapter in one of the books of Elizabeth Vining (1970). Neither aspect, however, reveals the true personality which was manifested in that love of nature, respect for all living things, and confidence in the brotherhood of science. So far from being a side-issue, it is a cardinal consideration; it was the force that kept him going through troubled times. In the words of Professor Woodroofe, when we were conversing in Tokyo, Hirohito was a born naturalist who had to be the emperor. In the course of this memoir about one who was both botanist and zoologist, I have kept two questions in mind. What led the young Prince to biology and what was the scientific outcome? Perhaps, the nearest answers have already appeared in the charming reminiscences of Kanroji (1975), written at the age of 96 years after he had served the Imperial Court for 70 years. With Japanese text and splendid illustration, there are the book of the National Science Museum, Tokyo (Anonymous 1988) and those of the Asahi Publishing Company (Anonymous 1989 a ; Senzo 1989).

scholarly journals Development of Legal Regulation of Pension Provision for Servicemen and Their Families on the Territory of Modern Ukraine (XVIII-XX Centuries)

2019 ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Oleh RADCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Disability Group ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stimulation Of

The peculiarities of legal regulation of pension provision of servicemen and their families on the territory of modern Ukraine in the XVIII–XX centuries are investigated. In particular, it has been established that for the first time the right to pension provision was regulated by Peter I in 1720 in the Marine Statute, which provided service pension, disability pension and survivor’s pension. It was also determined that during the royal period, the provision of pensions was not properly arranged. The new pension system for servicemen began to be built up after the overthrow of the tsarist regime, which was the reason for the October Revolution of the Bolsheviks, but it was far from perfect. Consolidation of the right to pension, its types and conditions of appointment at the normative level did not mean the receipt of pensions. From 1919 till 1924, pension provision for servicemen and their families on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR developed as a republican, in accordance with the regulations of the normative legal acts adopted by the SNK of the UkrSSR, and from 1924, all-Union bodies were formed, therefore further legislation, in particular the one that concerned pension provision, has developed not as a republican, but as all-union. It was also found out that despite the fact that in the period of the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period, the social security of servicemen in general, and pensions in particular, were placed in priority areas, their financial situation and members of their families were at a very low level. It has been established that a number of features of retirement provision for servicemen and members of their families, established in pre-Soviet and Soviet periods, have survived to the present. In particular, it is relevant to types of pensions, stimulation of a later retirement, and differentiation of the size of the pension depending on the disability group, etc.

scholarly journals CHILD NEGLECT AND HOMELESSNESS IN ULYANOVSK REGION AND THE TATAR ASSR IN 1945–1955: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF LIQUIDATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Darya V. Sedova
Keyword(s):  
Child Neglect ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Post War ◽  
Historical Past

The article is devoted to the study of the accumulated experience of building the system of child neglect and homelessness liquidation, which took place in 1945–1955, to the analysis of experience on overcoming the problems of juvenile crime and delinquency. The purpose of the article is to study the historical past, the experience gained in the post-war decade in liquidation of child neglect and homelessness. The scientific novelty of the article consists in carrying out a complex analysis of the system, which executed the fight against the phenomena under study in the period of 1945–1955 in the areas under consideration. The analysis is carried out on the basis of published and archival sources. During the work on the article, the author used the materials on Ulyanovsk region, the Tatar ASSR; she studied the experience of forming the system for fighting against child neglect and homelessness in the Chuvash ASSR. The material is represented on the basis of a number of traditional general scientific and special-scientific methods: comparison of phenomena under study, description as well as elements of biographical analysis. The main conclusion is made that in 1945–1955 the state attempted to use a complex approach to eradicate child neglect and homelessness by creating and qualitative functioning of specially organized commissions for placing children. There is no doubt that the accumulated historical experience was of great importance for the formation of the modern system of prevention bodies and deserves attention for its use in modern society.

scholarly journals Erosion work ethic of the soviet peasantry in the postwar decades (on materials of the Ulyanovsk Region)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Oleg Renatovich Khasyanov ◽  
Lilia Nadipovna Galimova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agricultural Society ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Economic Coercion ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Modern problems in the agricultural sector are rooted in the fact that for decades the state agricultural policy was characterized by neglect of the interests of the main producer, non-economic coercion to labour, alienation from the land and produced goods, infringement of social rights of the peasantry which inevitably led to urbanization, population migration from villages. On the basis of the study of the scientific literature and archival documents which have been analysed for the first time, the complex process of destruction of the collective farmerss attitude to work in the public sector is explored. According to the author, the material difficulties of rural society in the war years led to the recovery in the agricultural society of previous forms of economic activity, namely the one-man operation in its stead. The victorious conclusion of the war led to the restoration of the pre-war state policy in the field of agriculture, but farmers continued to ignore social work. The author believes that public campaigns aimed at the restoration of collective farmerss labor discipline were unsuccessful because in the absence of material incentives the collective farmers were not ready for selfless labor in social production.

scholarly journals Hungarians in Kyiv. Leading figures of history of Hungarian-Ukrainian relations from 9th century to present day

2018 ◽  
pp. 847-850
Author(s):  
Stepan Vidnianskyi
Keyword(s):  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
Artistic Achievement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Conference Publication

In this review, the author sheds light on the content and concept of the publication entitled Hungarians in Kyiv. Historical Chapters of Hungarian-Ukrainian Relations from the 9th Century to the Present by Stefan-Arpad Madiar. In 2005, in the course of an international scientific conference ‘Ukraine-Hungary: Common Past and Present’ at the Institute of History of Ukraine of the NAS of Ukraine, the main issues and challenges of the history of relations between Ukraine and Hungary were discussed. The participants of the conference concluded an agreement on the establishment of the commission of historians to strengthen scientific cooperation. The review notes that Ukrainian and Hungarian historians should carry on a permanent dialogue on disputable matters related to the historical past of the two nations for obtaining objective knowledge about the relations between Hungary and Ukraine at different historical junctures. The book Hungarians in Kyiv. Historical Chapters of Hungarian-Ukrainian Relations from the 9th Century to the Present is considered as a joint artistic achievement of cooperation among Ukrainian and Hungarian historians. The review also mentions certain aspects of the past relations between Ukraine and Hungary, and the life of Stefan-Arpad Madiar, the main initiator, author, and layout director of the publication. The author stresses that it was Stefan-Arpad Madiar who managed to work on the book structure, select original illustrations, exclusive documentary materials, engage famous scholars and historians to the creation of the book, etc. The book consists of 23 problematically and chronologically arranged chapters and offers a glimpse of unique periods in the history of relations between Ukraine and Hungary, activities of Hungarian diplomatic missions in Kyiv and Ukrainian missions in Budapest, and contains information about Hungarian prisoners of war in post-war Kyiv based on memoirs and archival documents. The author is fully confident that this book will give its readers new knowledge about the history of relations between Ukraine and Hungary, thus facilitating the sense of a more profound understanding between the two nations. Key words: relations between Ukraine and Hungary, scientific conference, publication Hungarians in Kyiv. Historical Chapters of Hungarian-Ukrainian Relations from the 9th Century to the Present, Embassy of Hungary in Ukraine, cooperation between Ukraine and Hungary.

LOUIS PABST, BROTHER OF PAUL AUGUSTOVICH PABST

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
А. М. Merkulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Inner Circle ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

For the first time in Russian and foreign musicology, the article examines the activities of Louis Pabst, a prominent German pianist and teacher, Professor of the Music and Drama School at the Moscow Philharmonic Society in 1899–1906. The author studies the creative biography of the musician, the ways of his artistic formation, the influence of his inner circle and the one of his famous senior colleagues — Father August Pabst, Anton Rubinstein, Hans von Bülow. A broad historical material, often for the first time introduced into scientific use (reviews in Russian and foreign press, memories of contemporaries, reference publications, archival documents, etc.) is applied to trace his tour routes (Königsberg, Riga, Liverpool, Melbourne, London, Saint Petersburg, Moscow, etc.), recreate the features of his performing style, reveal his repertoire preferences. The characteristics of the pianist's pedagogy at different stages of his life are considered, especially in detail during his work in Moscow. The article compares the creative principles of Louis Pabst and his brother Pavel Augustovich Pabst, Professor at the Moscow Conservatory in 1878–1897. As a result, the whole image of a wonderful musician, almost forgotten today, is recreated.

scholarly journals tfaw survey – I. Wavelet-based denoising of K2 light curves. Discovery and validation of two new Earth-sized planets in K2 campaign 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 498 (2) ◽  
pp. 2778-2797
Author(s):  
D del Ser ◽  
O Fors
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Type Star ◽  
Posterior Distributions ◽  
Denoising Method ◽  
Low Snr ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT The wavelet-based detrending and denoising method tfaw is applied for the first time to EVEREST 2.0-corrected light curves to further improve the photometric precision of almost all K2 observing campaigns (C1–C8, C12–C18). The performance of both methods is evaluated in terms of 6 h combined differential photometric precision (CDPP), simulated transit detection efficiency, and planet characterization in different SNR regimes. On average, tfaw median 6 h CDPP is ${\sim} 30{\rm {per \, cent}}$ better than the one achieved by EVEREST 2.0 for all observing campaigns. Using the transit least-squares (tls) algorithm, we show that the transit detection efficiency for simulated Earth–Sun-like systems is ∼8.5× higher for tfaw-corrected light curves than that for EVEREST 2.0 ones. Using the light curves of two confirmed exoplanets, K2-44 b (high SNR) and K2-298 b (low SNR), we show that tfaw yields better Markov chain Monte Carlo posterior distributions, transit parameters compatible with the catalogued ones but with smaller uncertainties, and narrows the credibility intervals. We use the combination of tfaw’s improved photometric precision and tls enhancement of the signal detection efficiency for weak signals to search for new transit candidates in K2 observing campaign 1. We report the discovery of two new K2-C1 Earth-sized planets statistically validated, using the vespa software: EPIC 201170410.02, with a radius of 1.047$^{+0.276}_{-0.257}\mathrm{ R}_{\oplus }$ planet orbiting an M-type star, and EPIC 201757695.02, with a radius of 0.908$^{+0.059}_{-0.064}\mathrm{ R}_{\oplus }$ planet orbiting a K-type star. EPIC 201757695.02 is the 9th smallest planet ever discovered in K2-C1, and the 39th smallest in all K2 campaigns.

Scheming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán Damer
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Housing Scheme ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Voice ◽  
House Building

This book seeks to explain how the Corporation of Glasgow, in its large-scale council house-building programme in the inter- and post-war years, came to reproduce a hierarchical Victorian class structure. The three tiers of housing scheme which it constructed – Ordinary, Intermediate, and Slum-Clearance – effectively signified First, Second and Third Class. This came about because the Corporation uncritically reproduced the offensive and patriarchal attitudes of the Victorian bourgeoisie towards the working-class. The book shows how this worked out on the ground in Glasgow, and describes the attitudes of both authoritarian housing officials, and council tenants. This is the first time the voice of Glasgow’s council tenants has been heard. The conclusion is that local council housing policy was driven by unapologetic considerations of social class.

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