scholarly journals RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND CORPUS DIVERSITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ch. Piperski ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lexical Change ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
National Corpus

This paper discusses the use of most widely-known Russian corpora, namely Russian National Corpus, ruTenTen, General Internet Corpus of Russian, and Araneum Russicum Maximum, for the theoretical study of Russian language. Based on a sample of papers from 2019, I demonstrate that scholars, especially theoretical linguists, tend to ignore the opportunities provided by a wide range of Web corpora, even though these resources are well-known to the NLP community. I present a selection of case studies to show that data from “non-classical” corpora can be used for studying various linguistic phenomena, such as: 1) variation in morphology and syntax; 2) word formation and lexical change; 3) construction grammar. I also claim that the underuse of non-classical corpora is partly due to the fact that they are (perceived as) not quite user-friendly.

scholarly journals Word-formation motivation as a means of lexicalizing derivative words in the classroom in Russian as a foreign language

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Generating Relations ◽  
Systemic Understanding ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Selection Of

The article examines the place of the word-formation component of the communicative competence of foreign students in the process of their learning Russian as a foreign language. The word-formation component, along with other linguistic components, participates in the formation of the communicative competence of foreign students, however, the problem of Russian word formation remains insufficiently developed in the linguodidactic plan. The author expresses his opinion that the increase in the vocabulary of foreign students should be accompanied by the systematization of lexical units, taking into account their derivational connections and relations. Therefore, when lexicalization, one should use not the selection of synonyms or the descriptive method, which leads to the mechanical memorization of the meaning, but by means of correlation with the same root words, to activate in the minds of foreign students the living connections of the lexical units of the Russian language. This applies not only to derivatives of words associated with generating relations of full direct motivation, but also to those derivatives where these connections are not explicitly expressed. Such an interpretation through a productive word not only makes the meaning of the new lexeme understandable, facilitates its memorization, but also creates a single picture of lexical and word-formation relationships within the language, forms a systemic understanding of the language among students. The skills of correlating a derivative word with its derivative, obtained in the study of Russian as a foreign language, make it possible to understand the meanings of unfamiliar words. The speed of memorizing the meanings of derived words in this case directly depends on the understanding of the word-formation structure of the word. This technique will greatly facilitate the development of the vocabulary and will contribute to the formation of a holistic view of the language as a system among foreign students.

Western Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 513-539
Author(s):  
Carolyn Routledge
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The State ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

Since Flinders Petrie, the importance of Western Asia to the history and development of culture in ancient Egypt has been recognized by scholars and has also been a significant driver in shaping Egyptological methodology and theoretical approaches. The study of relations between Western Asia and Egypt encompasses a wide range of specialisms given the broad range of evidence, the geographical breadth, and the academic disciplines involved. This chapter reviews the history of the study of relations between Western Asia and Egypt pointing to a selection of challenges scholars face in undertaking their research, and examines two case studies: theories concerning the role of Western Asia in the rise of the state, and the assessment of Egypt’s New Kingdom Empire in Canaan to illustrate the ways in which scholarly challenges are met and the resulting historical conclusions.

Case Studies: Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
The University ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Selection Of

Following the success of the first two volumes in Stahl's Case Studies series, a brand new collection of clinical stories have been collated in Volume 3, derived from cases seen by medical students, residents and faculty from the University of California at Riverside (UCR) Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. The highly popular and unique user-friendly presentation of previous volumes has been maintained, with extensive use of icons, questions/answers, and tips. The cases address multifaceted issues in an understandable way and with direct relevance to the everyday experience of clinicians. Covering a wide-ranging and representative selection of clinical scenarios, each case is followed through the complete clinical encounter, from start to resolution, acknowledging all the complications, issues, decisions, twists and turns along the way. The book is about living through the treatments that work, the treatments that fail, and the mistakes made along the journey. This is psychiatry in real life.

scholarly journals Church Slavonic Words имарменя, фатунъ, фортунa in Maximus the Greek’s Works

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Maria Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
National Corpus

Within the linguistic research on the works of Maximus the Greek, the article raises the question of the peculiarities of an individual intellectual dictionary in his creative work. The object of this study is the authors use of three terms conveying the concept of "fate", in particular the lexical borrowing from the Greek είμαρμένη and from the Latin words fatum and fortuna, rarely used in Church Slavonic literature up to the 16 th cent. The use of significant terms is described through lexicographical analysis in the first two volumes of the modern edition of Maximus the Greeks works. Special attention is paid to the comparison of the meanings of individual words and their functioning with the data taken from the historical section of the National Corpus of the Russian language, and as well as from a selection of dictionaries of Old Church Slavonic and Church Slavonic languages, in order to identify the characteristic features of lexical preferences of Maximus the Greek. Thorough contextual analysis of the texts allows us to show how, conveying the concept of necessity caused by the stars or mysterious destiny, the author shows himself as an innovator, enriching Church Slavonic vocabulary with new borrowings. The article verifies the hypothesis about the reasons for lexical preferences of Maximus the Greek and makes assumptions about the interpretation of synonymy of the words denoting "fate" that appears in the studied texts. Linguistic goals, formulated on the basis of the results obtained, can be achieved only taking into consideration the general trends in the development of religious and philosophical thought in Europe in the Early Modern Era.

scholarly journals Semantic Peculiarities of Lacunae – Modifications. The Concept of Lacunae Dictionary Creation (A Case Study of Russian Verbs of Sound)

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Irina Valentinovna Ivlieva
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Web Scraping ◽  
Special Project ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article examines the insufficiently explored phenomenon in word-formation synthesis – the intra-linguistic affixal lacunae i.e. lexical gaps. The nature of lacunar units is described as a unique type of semantic modifications that display a similar structure, semantics, and characteristics. From the standpoint of derivative codification, the major lacunae groups are identified, analyzed, and mapped out based on their lexicographic properties. The glossary selection criteria for the experimental Lacunae – Modifications Dictionary are determined. Relying on the data from the Russian National Corpus, nearly 5,000 lacunae and sound verb modifications, combined, were researched using a web-scraping algorithm from a special project at Missouri S&T. The results of this study may serve as a foundational platform for this novel dictionary of affixal lexical gaps in the Russian language.

scholarly journals Lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Yumi Chun'
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Modern Russian

Lexicography actively studies the integral description of words in order to understand not only the historical change in definition of the work, but also the functionality of certain words. This article describes the lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”, as well as examines the use of co-occurrence denoting the age of a person in the modern Russian language. Working with different types of dictionaries (historical, explanatory, word-forming, associative, and synonym), the author analyzes the changes in the semantics, development of word-formation and co-occurrence capacity of the linguistic unit based on the integral description. The noun “age” has numerous co-occurrence as it has appeared in the Russian language long ago, which also entailed changes in its definition. This author examines co-occurrence of the noun “age” used in dictionaries, as well as conducts their classification by biological, social, psychological, and mixed characteristics. Leaning on the Russian National Corpus, the article examines the use of the noun “age” in the modern Russian language, and its classification by the aforementioned characteristics. The conclusion is made on the frequency of the use of these characteristics.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE SPECIFIC ENTRY IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE OF OBLIGATORY BORROWING FROM THE SPHERE OF HLS

2020 ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Y. Turashbek ◽  
◽  
K. Nyyazbekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Text Fragment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is dedicated to the evolution of one word borrowed from English into Russian, which is considered as a part of a wide range of lexemes related to the sphere of “healthy lifestyle”. This word (‘fast food’) corresponds to the obligatory type of borrowings. The data of Russian Language National Corpus were used as a tool for studying frequency of its usage, the process of occurrence and distribution by type of texts. On the basis of the above mentioned data consideration and using its tools we identified 41 text fragment containing this borrowed word; herewith, negative meaning was observed in 19 cases out of 41, i.e., in 46% of the reviewed material; also, we identified 12 cases of neutral meaning, which was about 29%; positive connotation of ‘fast food’ concept was marked in 10 cases, which corresponded to 25% of cases. In our opinion, both semantic and pragmatic transformations occur in the process of adaptation of the borrowed word

scholarly journals Comparison as a Method for Explication of the Semantic Structure of Concepts (Taking the Image of a Child as an Example)

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (4–5) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
S.K. Alfalke ◽  
◽  
N.A. Iliukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The functioning of the image of a child/children in Russian comparative constructions is analyzed as a means of figurative description of adults by analogy with children. Particular attention is paid to the embodiment of this image in the structure of the following constructions: kak rebenok ‘like a child’, kak deti ‘like children’, rebyacheskii ‘childish’, rebyacheski ‘in a puerile way’, (po-)detski ‘childlike’, kak mal’chik ‘like a boy’, kak mal’chishka ‘like a little boy’, mal’chisheskii ‘boyish’, (po-)mal’chisheski ‘mischievously’, kak devochka ‘like a girl’, kak devchonka ‘like a little girl’, devchonochii ‘girly’, (po-)devchonoch’i ‘girlishly’. The capacity of the above-listed comparative constructions in the explication of the semantic structure of the analyzed concept when it is used as a means of figurative description is considered using the materials of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn about a wide range of semantic variations of the image of a child in the Russian speech, as well as about the universal capacity of the comparative constructions under study in the embodiment of the semantic structure of the concept in its entire volume. All the comparative constructions are based on the following four aspects of the concept structure: features of children’s appearance, psychological and intellectual qualities of children, features of their behavior, and their role in interaction with adults. The study is of relevance and crucial importance for further research on possible embodiment of the semantic structure of the concept by means of metaphor and comparison.

scholarly journals Global Secular Trend of Gonadal Size in Men: Review and Analysis of Publications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Seroukhov ◽  
A. A. Afoko ◽  
I. E. Mamaev
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Past Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Process Standardization ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Testicular Size ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Notwithstanding the general increase in world population, there is a steady decline in birth rate. Studies have shown a tendency towards worsening of qualitative and quantitative indices of the ejaculate. From the foregoing we may also presume a decline in size of male gonads. Nevertheless, information about the tendency of change in testicular size in the population is currently unavailable.Purpose of the study. Assessment of global secular trend as regards changes in the size of testes in men.Materials and methods. A search was conducted on published scientific research in the English language and Russian language in Pubmed and eLibrary. Additional searches in citations of identifiable investigations. A selection of data from publications with metric characteristics of gonads in relatively healthy men aged 18‒60 years. The mean of values obtained were determined and homogenized with the aid of formulae for volume calculations. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out with the aid of the program STATISTICA for Windows v.10.Results. The search yielded 126 identified publications, published between 1902 and 2018. Analysis of the various works led to a selection of 33, which contained information that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Analysis of the obtained data did not reveal any trends in change of testicular size over the past century. Mean arithmetic weighted value was 17,43±5,64; 95% CI (17,32; 17,54).Conclusion. In the light of global trends towards a reduction in fertility, it is necessary to conduct a wide range of varied investigations in order to understand the nature of this process. Standardization of methods of assessment results obtained will help in reducing errors whilst assisting in the analysis of existing tendencies.

scholarly journals CONCEPT “HIGHER EDUCATION” IN RUSSIAN MASS MEDIA DISCOURSE IN 2012–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Тамара Сергеевна Рябова
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
Nuclear Features ◽  
Selection Of

Введение. Выявлены состав и специфика реализации ядерных признаков концепта «высшее образование», представленного в отечественных СМИ 2012–2017 гг. и отражающего результаты медийной интерпретации отечественного образования как социального института. Материал и методы. Материалом для исследования послужили публикации в центральных российских СМИ с 2012 по 2017 г., размещенные на официальных сайтах изданий, включающие новости, аналитические статьи, интервью. Отбор материала осуществлялся сплошной выборкой текстов, реализующих исследуемый концепт. Результаты и обсуждение. В ядерную зону лексических репрезентантов исследуемого концепта в СМИ входят словосочетания высшее образование, высшая школа, его контекстуальные синонимы профессиональное образование и образование, в состав его репрезентантов – лексемы вуз, университет. Кроме того, интерпретацию исследуемого концепта маркируют лексемы, номинирующие специфику деятельности соответствующего института. Развертывание рассматриваемого концепта в исследуемый период характеризуется формированием признакового состава в соответствии с содержанием проводимых реформ, а также динамикой реализации обнаруженных признаков. В результате было выделено четыре ядерных признака медийного концепта «высшее образование»: «конкурентоспособность на мировом уровне», «институт, объединяющий вузы, характер и количество которых адекватны решению его задач», «ориентированность на экономику», «экономически эффективное рыночное производство». Заключение. Все выявленные признаки отражают базовые положения проводимой в это время реформы российского образования, а их представление в СМИ соответствует, с одной стороны, установке на освещение реформы и удовлетворению потребностей читателей – с другой. Introduction. The content and peculiarities of the implementation of the nuclear features of the concept “higher education” presented in the national media in 2012–2017 and reflecting the results of the media interpretation of national education as a social institution are revealed. Material and methods. The materials of the central Russian media from 2012 to 2017 published on their official websites, including news, analytical articles, and interviews, were used as the research material. The selection of material was carried out by a continuous selection of texts that implement the studied concept. Results and discussion. The nuclear of lexical representations of the researched concept includes the phrase higher education, higher school, its contextual synonyms are professional education and education, and its representatives include such lexemes as higher education, University. Moreover, the interpretation of the concept is marked by lexemes that nominate the specific features of the corresponding Institute’s activities. The development of the concept during the study period is characterized by the formation of the specific content in accordance with the content of the ongoing reforms, and also by the dynamics of the implementation of its features. As a result of the analysis, 4 nuclear features of the media concept “higher education” were identified: “competitiveness at the world level”; “an institution that unites universities, the nature and number of which is adequate to solve its problems”; “economic-oriented”; “cost-effective, market-based production”. Non-nuclear characteristics include “having a wide range of educational areas”, “a social institution that is significant for an individual”, “having a research component”, and others. Conclusion. Four nuclear features of the concept of “higher education” are identified, only one of them is recorded in the explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. All the identified features reflect the basic provisions of the Russian education reform being carried out at this time, and their presentation in the media are aimed to inform of the reform on the one hand, and to satisfy the audience on the other hand.

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