scholarly journals Lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”

Author(s):  
Yumi Chun'

Lexicography actively studies the integral description of words in order to understand not only the historical change in definition of the work, but also the functionality of certain words. This article describes the lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”, as well as examines the use of co-occurrence denoting the age of a person in the modern Russian language. Working with different types of dictionaries (historical, explanatory, word-forming, associative, and synonym), the author analyzes the changes in the semantics, development of word-formation and co-occurrence capacity of the linguistic unit based on the integral description. The noun “age” has numerous co-occurrence as it has appeared in the Russian language long ago, which also entailed changes in its definition. This author examines co-occurrence of the noun “age” used in dictionaries, as well as conducts their classification by biological, social, psychological, and mixed characteristics. Leaning on the Russian National Corpus, the article examines the use of the noun “age” in the modern Russian language, and its classification by the aforementioned characteristics. The conclusion is made on the frequency of the use of these characteristics.

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 429-438
Author(s):  
Elena V. Senko ◽  
Louise V. Tsakhilova

Problematics of the work is connected with the study of the borrowing process, which, due to the process of globalization taking place at all Russian society’s levels of life, is highlighted as a factor of modern language development. As a subject of research, lexical units translated into the Russian language system from the Japanese language are considered. Research source are dic-tionaries of foreign words, neographic reference books, as well as explanatory dictionaries reflect-ing language changes. In addition, data were used from the Russian National Corpus and electronic media, which most actively provide the entry of a foreign language into the Russian language. The material is Japanese foreign-language lexemes representing different versions of the common language – the standard (literary language) and the substandard. The aim of the research is to show the functional changes in the system of the modern Russian language on the example of Japanese words that are included in the Russian lexical fund and which strengthen their derivative activity as an indicator of their creative abilities’ growth in the recipient language. It has been established that the word-formation activation of Japanese borrowings in the modern Russian language certainly reflects the processes of internationalization and globalization in speech culture and society, as well as the active combination of native and foreign combat elements characteristic of modern media production. It is noted that at present it is the sphere of Internet communication that protects the functioning of dictionary innovations and thereby activates the lexical dynamics of the Russian language, emphasizing the corresponding side of its Internetization.


2017 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Olga Ariskina

The work is devoted to a multidimensional consideration of the terminology of morphology and word-formation in the East Slavic grammars of the 16th century. (The Grammar of 1586, The Grammar "Adelfotis" in 1591, The Grammar of Lavrеntii Zizanii in 1596) The term is a linguistic unit for special purposes, which is the verbalized result of professional thinking, which denotes the concept of a certain scientific theory and serves to coding (concentration, fixation, storage), transmission (transfer of information), communicate, transmutation of knowledge (cognition: comprehension, processing, augmentation) and orientation in a certain special area, therefore an important place in describing the terminology of the past is assigned to the orientational aspect, which allows us to analyze the terms not only from the perspective of origin, word-formation, functioning, but also from the perspective of the explanation of the rationality of the author's nomination and the appropriateness of the perception of it by the addressee. Terminology is explored through the prism of the linguistic persona of grammarians by using the method of logical-semantic analysis. At the stage of generation of the terminology of the doctrine of morphemic and word formation, the large number of calquing terms (almost 50% of the total number) was used. The Russian basis of the calquing was found out, which consists in the existence in the Russian language of the lexical-semantic method of derivation. Also for this stage, the functioning of terms formed by substantivation is characterized. Dynamics of the exponent of terms of morphology and word-formation of the XVI century is due to the variation and synonymy, the dynamics of significatum – the reality (changes in language) and the development of scientific knowledge. In the XVI century the terminological system in the field of word-formation is formed as a system, with enough clearly appeared hypo-hyperonical relations.


Author(s):  
Natalia Nikolina ◽  
Larisa Ratsiburskaya ◽  
Venera Fatkhutdinova

The article considers both new functional characteristics of known word-forming formants and new derivational formants. In modern Russian speech, there has been discovered such a new phenomenon, as the mobility of borrowed elements which can be qualified as affixes (ап, аут, ин, овер). Well-known formants of Greek and Latin origin have proved to perform new pragmatic-stylistic functions: prefixoids нано-, кибер-, крипто-; suffix -оид. These formants are mostly characteristic of terms, but, as the study showed, they can participate in the creation of expressive derivatives. The article uses the material of neologisms in fiction and media texts to identify new formants: prefixes мега-, нон-, он-, оф-; suffixes -инг, -раст; suffixoids -гейт, -оголик; movable formants ап, аут, ин, овер. The appearance of new formants and new semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the known formants reflects the dynamics of the word-formation system of the Russian language, due to the processes of internationalization, "ameroglobalization" in different languages at the turn of the 20 th – 21 th centuries. Neo-derivatives testify to the specifics of knowledge and experience acquisition with the help of word-formation methods and means relevant for a certain period of time. The results of the study contribute to derivatology, neology, pragmalinguistics and can be useful for lecturers and students of higher educational institutions majoring in "Philology" and "Journalism".


Author(s):  
Natalia V. Kozlovskaya ◽  
◽  
Sz. Janurik ◽  

The article analyzes the contents and reflects the growth dynamics of a representative group which comprises compound neologisms with the first component stem II (ИИ) (a Russian abbreviation for “artificial intelligence”). It is the process of language integration that plays a significant role in the formation of compound nouns with the first component stem II: the currently widespread functioning of the above-mentioned pattern as well as of similar patterns results from the impact the analytism makes upon the vocabulary and grammar of the Russian language. The research based on the analysis of the data contained in the Russian National Corpus and the “Integrum” mass media database has proved that the component stem II belongs to the most productive formants in the Russian language of the 2010s. The article displays the main tendencies in the formation of lexical paradigms of the “II-compounds” in the modern Russian language. Of special significance in a quantitative sense is the hypernym-hyponym composition of nouns containing a seme “the ability to perform the functions which have traditionally been considered a human’s prerogative”: II-advokat (artificial intelligence (AI) barrister), II-dermatolog (artificial intelligence dermatologist), II-sekretar’ (artificial intelligence secretary), II-yurist (artificial intelligence lawyer). The article also mentions the process of discourse transition of scientific terms with the first component stem II into the modern newspaper and magazine publicism. On the basis of the expert sampling analysis a conclusion is drawn in the article about the heterogeneity of the formant II and the principles of its lexicographic description are outlined which are going to be represented in the publication of annual neological dictionaries “Lexical innovations in the Russian language” recommenced at the department of Modern Russian Lexicography at the Institute for Linguistic Studies of the RAS.


Author(s):  
Nadezhda Trofimova ◽  
Olga Shchitova

Введение. В настоящее время сфера строительства является одной из самых стремительно развивающихся. С развитием новых строительных технологий в русском языке появляются новые наименования данных инноваций. Актуальность работы обусловливается необходимостью изучения иноязычной профессиональной лексики в русском языке, обозначающей активно развивающиеся современные строительные технологии. Целью является выявление и описание новейшей профессиональной лексики иноязычного происхождения, относящейся к сфере инновационных строительных технологий и заимствованной в русский язык в XXI в. Материал и методы. Материалом для исследования послужила новейшая иноязычная терминология профессиональной сферы строительства, появившаяся в русском языке в XXI в. и функционирующая в профессиональном интернет-дискурсе (профессиональных и информационных порталах для строителей). Для уточнения времени заимствования номинаций использованы данные Национального корпуса русского языка. Основу методологии статьи составляют общенаучные и лингвистические приемы описательного и сравнительно-сопоставительного методов исследования. Результаты и обсуждение. В работе дан краткий обзор истории вопроса. Установлено, что целый ряд иноязычных обозначений новейших строительных технологий заимствован из другого языка вместе с самой технологией. Выявлены источники заимствования новейших номинаций строительных технологий в русском языке. Данные наименования являются заимствованными преимущественно из английского языка и представляют собой лексические заимствования, кальки и полукальки. Приведенные примеры функционирования новейших иноязычных номинаций в профессиональном интернет-дискурсе свидетельствуют о вхождении данных терминологических единиц в лексический состав профессиональной сферы строительства, хотя многие из них не зафиксированы в лексикографических источниках. Заключение. Новейшая строительная терминология XXI в. широко представлена лексикой иноязычного происхождения, прежде всего заимствованиями-англицизмами, среди которых выявлены следующие типы: лексические и семантические заимствования (кальки и полукальки). Впервые проанализированы термины, не зафиксированные в нормативных словарях иноязычных слов и терминологических словарях русского языка, а также в Национальном корпусе русского языка. Полученные результаты представляют интерес для терминоведения и могут быть использованы в учебной и лексикографической практиках.Introduction. Nowadays the sphere of construction engineering is one of the fast-developing fields. Owing to the advanced construction technology development new words appear in the Russian language. The purpose of the article is to discover and describe the latest professional borrowings related to the field of innovative construction technologies and introduced into Russian in the 21st century. The objectives of the paper are the material selection, the definition of the sources and time of borrowings being analyzed, and creating the classification of foreign terminological units. Material and methods. The material for the study is the latest borrowings in the sphere of construction engineering appeared in the Russian language in the 21st century and used in the professional discourse (web-sites for construction professionals). The basis of the methodology lies in the descriptive and comparative methods. Results and discussion. The article contains a short theoretical overview of borrowings in Russian. The study shows that most of the terminological units denoting advanced construction technologies are borrowed from other languages with the technology itself. The major part of the given terminological units is borrowed from English and represents loanwords, calques and partial calques. Moreover, with the purpose of stating the time of borrowings all terminological units were searched for in the National Corpus of the Russian Language. It appeared that the majority of terms are not recorded either in the National Corpus of the Russian Language or in terminological dictionaries. Conclusion. Modern construction vocabulary of the 21st century is represented mostly by anglicisms among which there are lexical and semantic borrowings (calques and partial calques). The article has analyzed terminological units not previously recorded in either terminological dictionaries or National Corpus of the Russian Language. The practical value enables to use the article materials for academic and lexicographical purposes.


Author(s):  
Marina Vas. Pimenova ◽  
Wu Lianlian

The article is devoted to the functioning of paired names in modern Russian language - insufficiently studied stable combinations such as небо и земля, печки-лавочки, хлеб-соль, ни ответа ни привета . These units express a single, undifferentiated meaning, consist of two components connected by a compositional connection that belong to one part of speech (most often in paired names are nouns combinations, although there are also adverbs, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, interjections, onomatopes, prepositions and particles). Structural-semantic model, which is built on paired naming dates back to the ancient period of the language, however, continues to be used in XX-XXI centuries. The purpose of this article is consideration of features of the semantics and structure of the paired naming by the material from the resource "National corpus of the russian language". In addition, their frequency is presented in newspaper and oral speech, in parallel texts and poetic discourse, as well as in accentological and educational materials.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Goots ◽  
Elena Dmitrievna Ivanova

Modern linguistics is characterized by anthropocentrism, in the center of its research attention are questions about a person based on his integrity and exclusivity. This article is devoted to the study of the verbalization of such basic emotions as fear and horror. The subject of the research is the features of the basic emotions of fear and horror in the modern Russian language. The work was carried out on the basis of the material of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The purpose of the work is to identify and define the features of the verbalization of emotions fear and horror in the modern Russian language. The relevance of the study is due to the inevitable dependence of every sphere of a person's life on his emotional state. Despite the extensive study of emotions by psychology, psycholinguistics, linguistics, a number of questions remain in this problem. The materials of the Russian National Corpus provide great opportunities for studying the verbalization of the emotions of a native speaker of the Russian language in various genres and styles, which allows reaching a new level of research. The peculiarity of the study of emotions is found in the variety of linguistic means of their expression, which include the appropriate vocabulary, phraseological constructions and a certain compatibility. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the comparative analysis of the verbalization of the basic emotions of fear and horror is carried out on the basis of the material of the National Corpus of the Russian language. In the course of the work, the following methods were used: descriptive, involving the analysis of both theoretical and empirical material, generalization and interpretation of the results obtained; component analysis; introspection method; comparative and comparative and statistical methods. The practical significance of the study is due to the fact that its materials and conclusions can be used in university courses in lexicology, lexicography, psycholinguistics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
E. А. Frolova

 The author considers the conditions necessary to discern variable means of forming lexical units. The aim of the paper is to identify the rising trends which characterise variation in the sphere of word formation in the modern Russian language. These trends are described analysing the traditional criteria which determine the potentiality of varied morphemic division and identifying the means of word formation. The employed research methods included observation and description, morphemic and word-formation analysis, classification and systematisation. The material of the study is the derived lexemes obtained from contemporary media and advertising texts. The author describes the factors determining the possibility of employing the variation approach to identify ways of word formation. Additionally, new trends which broaden the sphere of derivational phenomena and undermine the entire derivational system of the Russian language are examined.


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
L.E. Tokatova ◽  
◽  
E.A. Belousova

Nowadays the analysis of literary text goes beyond its linear perusal, it requires its structural comprehension, correlation of primary and scientific interpretation. Modern automated information systems suggest wide opportunities for getting original scientific material. The article attempts to analyze the story «Crank» («Chudik») by V.M. Shuckshin in comparison with the writer’s other works by using the NCRL instrument. The notion «National Corpus of the Russian Language» is discovered as well as its purpose. While analyzing the composition, the following levels of analyses were taken into account — the text title and character’s names (their expressions), concepts, details, characteristics of literary world, intertextuality. The results of the given literary studies with NCRL can be later applied at Literature lessons at school and for different types of literary texts analyses


Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
М.В. СУНЦОВА

Статья посвящена характеристике явления коннотативного значения слова в русском языке. Дается определение термина «коннотация», описываются структурные элементы коннотативного значения слова, так как несмотря на большое количество работ по данной теме эти вопросы до сих пор остаются открытыми. Актуальность темы исследования определяется современными тенденциями развития языка. Показано, что коннотативные значения присущи общеупотребительным словам с конкретно-предметным значением, что обусловливает необходимость расширения границ словарных статей в толковых словарях путем дополнения их переносными значениями слов. Отдельное внимание уделяется видовому разнообразию коннотаций у слов с конкретно-предметным значением. Констатируется, что коннотативные значения присущи общеупотребительным словам с конкретно-предметным значением, при этом существуют разные виды коннотаций. В этой связи исследование коннотативных значений слов с конкретно-предметным значением целесообразно осуществлять в разрезе лексико-семантических групп. На примере лексико-семантической группы показано, что такой подход согласуется с принципами системного подхода, результаты исследования обладают достаточной степенью обобщенности и позволяют выявлять определенные закономерности. Дополнительных значений стилистического, эмоционально-оценочного, экспрессивного, социального и профессионального характера. В современную эпоху информационного общества происходит активное развитие живой русской речи. У общеупотребительных слов появляются значения, не закрепленные в толковых словарях, но имеющие значимость для восприятия речи говорящего, как конкретной личностью, так и группами лиц (обществами). В этой связи можно с уверенностью говорить о том, что в живую разговорную речь все активнее проникает явление коннотации, которое ранее было свойственно, преимущественно, художественной литературе и публицистике. The article is devoted to the refinement of the methodological approach to the study of the phenomenon of connotation in the Russian language. There is the definition of the term «connotation», the structural elements of the connotative meaning of the word are since despite the large number of works on this topic, these issues still remain open. It is stated that connotative meanings are inherent in common words with a specific subject meaning, while there are different types of connotations. It is shown that connotative meanings are inherent in common words with a specific subject meaning, which makes it necessary to expand the boundaries of dictionary entries in explanatory dictionaries by supplementing them with figurative meanings of words. Special attention is paid to the species diversity of connotations in words with a specific subject meaning In this regard, it is advisable to study the connotative meanings of words with a specific subject meaning in the context of lexical and semantic groups. On the example of the lexical-semantic group of zoonyms, it is shown that this approach is consistent with the principles of the systematic approach, the results of the study have a sufficient degree of generality and allow us to identify certain patterns.


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