scholarly journals Comparison of Construction Scheduling Perspectives from General Contractors and Sub-Contractors: An Analysis of Current Tools and Practices

10.29007/c8lb ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Bingham ◽  
Clifton Farnsworth ◽  
James Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Construction Scheduling ◽  
General Contractors ◽  
A Company

Construction project managers are continually seeking to balance the limited resources of time and money. To do this, collaborative management is critical. Most importantly, communication is the key to collaborative management. One of the most important forms of communication is the creation of a project schedule. Information on the tools and practices used by industry can help improve these practices for managers. Likewise, decision makers in the industry should understand trends to see if they align with peers, or to find justification for differences. The objectives of this study are to determine the tools used to create a project schedule, who is creating the schedule, and how often the schedule is communicated. The study is a comparison of views from the perspectives of the general contractors and that of the subcontractors. Additionally, the study examines the perceptions of general and subcontractors to determine the causes of schedule delays. This study is a report of commercial contractors performing work in the United States that provides information on the tools and practices currently used in construction scheduling. This study is valuable for industry leaders and academics seeking information about scheduling tools, practices and perceptions that can be implemented into a company scheduling culture or used for instructional purposes.

Review of form 483s and warning letters to pharmaceutical manufacturers issued by USFDA

2021 ◽  
pp. 174113432110235
Author(s):  
Chandan Saini ◽  
Ashish Miglani ◽  
Pankaj Musyuni ◽  
Geeta Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
The World ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Responsible Person

Regular inspections are carried out to ensure system conformity by the Food and Drugs Regulatory Authority (FDA) of the United States one of the most stringent regulatory authorities in the world. The inspectors send Form 483 to the management after the inspection, detailing the inappropriate conditions. Because the FDA guidelines are difficult to comply with, a company can contravene the regulations. If any significant infringements can affect the protection, quality, effectiveness, or public health of the drug is identified, the FDA issues advice to the company. Warning Letters (WL) shall be an official notification of non-compliance with federal law within a period to be issued by manufacturer, clinician, distributor, or responsible person in the company. The delivery of a letter has a considerable impact on the company's reputation and position in the market. Inadequate WL reactions could lead to a refusal, import denial, memorandum or even conviction and order. A brief study was conducted in this document of Form 483 and WL for four years (2017–2020) on an understanding the regulatory provisions.

scholarly journals Do Callable Convertibles Support The Investment Process Of A Company? An Analysis Of The World Market Of Hybrid Debt

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Damian Kaźmierczak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Convertible Bonds ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
A Company

Using a sample of 1,705 convertible bonds issued by manufacturing and service companies from the United States (1,138 issues); Europe (270); and Asia (297) between 2004 and 2014 this paper investigates the role of callable convertibles in the corporate investment process. This research shows first that callable convertibles are used to finance investment projects particularly by American firms which may exercise new investment options to improve poor financial performance. Secondly, the same strategy may be followed by European companies, but they seem not to carry out investments on as large a scale as American firms. Thirdly, the research results do not provide evidence that Asian enterprises use callable convertibles for investment purposes: they likely use these instruments for different reasons.

Revitalizing Human Communities and Reclaiming Biological Communities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Burch ◽  
Gary E. Machlis ◽  
Jo Ellen Force
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Human Ecosystem ◽  
Problems And Solutions

This chapter demonstrates how the Human Ecosystem Model (HEM) offers a unity of understanding with shared concepts, a framework, and a model for resolving complex human ecosystem problems. With it, decision-makers from different organizations—public and private—may coordinate their work with that of local citizens. The emphasis is on the whole system, which combines issues such as trends in crime, housing, education, health, natural resources, and community stability into an integrated network. The chapter illustrates how the framework and model was applied in a major city in the United States: Baltimore, Maryland. The Baltimore story emphasizes that certain universal problems and solutions confront all human societies. The universality of problems and the search for integrated solutions required a framework like the HEM to identify, apply, and store learning.

scholarly journals The use of cultural risk assessment within the 1994 Tribal land-grant colleges and universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Alvin L Young
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Cultural Issues

In 1994, the United States Congress established 35 Colleges or Universities on Reservation Lands of the Native Americans throughout the Midwest and Western United States. These new institutions were provided annual funds from the United States Department of Agriculture for education, research and extension, components of the Land-Grant system. Today, issues related to risk assessment and risk management confront tribal decision-makers as they cope with risks, both real and perceived, that include the transportation of hazardous materials through the reservation, the clean-up of contaminated sites within the reservation, the environmental restoration of Federal facilities, the siting of waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, the development of tribal mineral and other natural resources, and the construction and operation of industrial and commercial facilities within the reservation. Tribal decision-makers lack Indian-specific epidemiologic, genetic, and cultural information that impact current risk assessment models needed to incorporate tribal cultural issues. There is a need to enhance the science skills of tribal college faculty in assisting tribal councils and tribal colleges in the long-term planning and stewardship of natural resources on their reservations.

Public Policy Making and Public Policy Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Professional Class ◽  
The Many

This chapter reviews the development and growth of the policy-analytic profession. Historically, government decision makers have often called upon those with expertise to assist them in reaching their decisions. This chapter, however, concerns a new professional class of advisors that began developing during the 1950s in the United States. This new profession assists policy makers in understanding better their alternatives and relevant considerations for choosing among them. From here, the chapter offers some perspective on the research to date that has attempted to assess the effects of the profession—a perspective that emphasizes some important differences across the many types of governmental settings that utilize policy analysis, and the methodological difficulties that assessment efforts confront.

scholarly journals A Tradespace Framework for Evaluating Crewing Configurations for Future Vertical Lift

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Christen E. Sushereba ◽  
Julie B. Diiulio ◽  
Laura G. Militello ◽  
Emilie Roth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Analytic Tool ◽  
Vertical Lift

This paper presents a tradespace framework designed to analyze tradeoffs associated with different crewing configuration options. It was created in support of the United States Army’s Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program whose goal is to develop future Army rotorcraft that incorporate advanced automation and can be flexibly crewed depending on mission context. The tradespace framework provides an analytic tool that can help Army decision makers evaluate the tradeoffs associated with different crewing configurations and compare crewing options for different mission contexts. While the framework was developed to assess crew configurations for military rotorcraft, the use of tradeoffs as an organizing framework to analyze crewing alternatives can be applied to a variety of domains.

The State of Bee Monitoring in the United States: A Call to Refocus Away From Bowl Traps and Towards More Effective Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary M Portman ◽  
Bethanne Bruninga-Socolar ◽  
Daniel P Cariveau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Current State ◽  
Bee Abundance ◽  
Meaningful Data

Abstract Effective monitoring is necessary to provide robust detection of bee declines. In the United States and worldwide, bowl traps have been increasingly used to monitor native bees and purportedly detect declines. However, bowl traps have a suite of flaws that make them poorly equipped to monitor bees. We outline the drawbacks of bowl traps, as well as other passive sampling methods. We emphasize that current methods do not monitor changes in bee abundance. We then propose future approaches to improve bee monitoring efforts, which include improving our understanding of the efficacy and drawbacks of current methods, novel molecular methods, nest censusing, mark-recapture, sampling of focal plant taxa, and detection of range contractions. Overall, we hope to highlight deficiencies of the current state of bee monitoring, with an aim to stimulate research into the efficacy of existing methods and promote novel methods that provide meaningful data that can detect declines without squandering limited resources.

Bonnichsen v. United States: Time, Place, and the Search for Identity

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Harding
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Ninth Circuit ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Clash Of Cultures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Charged Case

On its surface, Bonnichsen v. United States is an administrative law case, reviewing a decision by the Secretary of the Interior regarding the appropriate reach of a specific set of legislative and regulatory rules. As such, Judge Gould, writing for a panel of the Ninth Circuit of the United States Court of Appeals (Ninth Circuit) decided that the secretary's office had overstepped its bounds; in short, its interpretation of the rules in question was not reasonable. But underneath the legal categories, Bonnichsen is a much more complicated and politically charged case. It is about competing conceptions of history and spirituality. It is about sovereignty (although that word is not uttered once in the decision, aside from reciting a definition of Native Hawaiians) and the clash of cultures. It is less about the standards for decision making and more about who the appropriate decision makers are. It is a case about a man who lived 9,000 years ago and about how today we should understand his cultural identity.

U.S. Floods

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly A. Cigler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
State And Local

Floods are the costliest natural hazard events in the United States in terms of lives and property losses. The financial costs of flood disasters are unsustainable, especially for the national government, which assumes the most costs while state and local governments have the greatest ability to avoid great losses due to their influence over land use, economic policy, and other areas that can help mitigate floods and reduce the high costs of relief and recovery. This article summarizes the types, causes, and occurrence of floods in the United States and their unsustainable economic and social costs. It explains that the growing burden to taxpayers from disaster response and recovery has resulted in increased interest by national decision makers in shifting more disaster responsibilities and costs to state and local governments. The article reviews the broad tool kit of mitigation strategies available to local governments and their residents in taking greater responsibility for the impacts of flood events.

Disaster response and people experiencing homelessness: Addressing challenges of a population with limited resources

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Wexler, MD, MPH ◽  
Mary-Elise Smith, MD, MA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Communication Methods ◽  
And Training

In this article the authors provide an overview of some issues that inhibit disaster planning and response for people experiencing homelessness and discuss the planning process conducted for this population in Worcester, MA. People experiencing homelessness face numerous challenges in preparing for disasters both natural and human caused. Similarly, providers attempting to aid these individuals must recognize and overcome various factors that hamper efforts to provide assistance. People experiencing homelessness lack the general resources many in the United States take for granted, including food, shelter, communication methods, and transportation. The population also has an increased prevalence of medical and psychiatric conditions. These factors amplify the typical difficulties in preparedness, communication, sheltering, and training for disasters. With these principles in mind, the authors reviewed the literature for best practices, identified potential stakeholders, and developed an annex to help address organization and delivery of care to those experiencing homelessness during a disaster.

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